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Biomedical subjects

J B Robin

Publications and source records attributed to J B Robin.

53 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Results of penetrating keratoplasty for aphakic and pseudophakic bullous keratopathy.

We retrospectively studied 61 consecutive cases of penetrating keratoplasty performed for aphakic bullous keratopathy or pseudophakic bullous keratopathy. After keratoplasty, the mean visual acuities of both groups of patients improved significantly from preoperative levels (P less than .0001). One year after keratoplasty, 18 eyes had visual acuities of 20/40 or better. Twelve of the 24 eyes followed up for at least two years after surgery had visual acuities of 20/40 or better. The mean visual acuities for the eyes with aphakic bullous keratopathy and the eyes with pseudophakic bullous keratopathy were not significantly different at either one or two years after keratoplasty. Cystoid macular edema (11 eyes) and glaucoma (12 eyes) were the most common causes of visual acuities worse than 20/40. There were no significant differences in the incidences of these complications in the group with aphakic bullous keratopathy and in the group with pseudophakic bullous keratopathy. Intraocular lens removal did not significantly affect either visual acuity or macular complications after keratoplasty.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Oestrus ovis ophthalmomyiasis externa.

Oestrus ovis, the sheep nasal botfly, is the most common cause of ophthalmomyiasis externa in North America. In the United States, most cases occur on Catalina Island. The symptoms of acute infestation with this organism resemble those of catarrhal conjunctivitis and the condition is considered to be self-limiting. Treatment consists of careful removal of the organisms and topical administration of corticosteroid and antibiotic drugs to relieve the symptoms and prevent bacterial contamination. We recently examined a 17-year-old woman who had visited Catalina Island and later developed acute O. ovis ophthalmomyiasis externa. To determine the incidence of chronic complications, we performed ophthalmic examinations on 15 Catalina Island residents who had had documented O. ovis ophthalmomyiasis externa before 1981. We found no evidence of persistent infestation or intraocular penetration by these organisms.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Lack of effect of pilocarpine on corneal epithelial wound healing.

The effect of a commercially available pilocarpine preparation on corneal epithelial healing rates was evaluated in rabbit eyes. Epithelial defects were created with filter paper discs soaked in n-heptanol. After creation of the defects, the corneas were stained with fluorescein and photographed using a Wratten blue filter. Follow-up examinations, drop administration, and photography were carried out every six hours for three days. Defect size was determined by computerized planimetry. The first phase of this study compared the effects of non-preserved saline and a commercially available methylcellulose preparation. The second phase compared a commercially available 2% pilocarpine preparation with 2% pilocarpine solution in non-preserved saline. We found that 2% pilocarpine had no significant effect on corneal epithelial healing rates.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Histopathologic and ultrastructural analysis of congenital corneal staphyloma.

Although the visual prognosis for eyes with congenital corneal staphyloma has been considered hopeless, we successfully treated a 1-month-old girl with this condition. We performed two penetrating keratoplasties, operating on the left eye first and then, one week later, on the right eye. During each procedure, we totally resected the staphyloma and excised the iris which was adherent to the posterior surface of the cornea. We then sutured an 11-mm corneal button into place with 34 interrupted 10-0 nylon sutures. Light and transmission electron microscopy of the Descemet's membrane and endothelium. The left eye had two rejection episodes and underwent a second penetrating keratoplasty. The graft in this eye is now opaque. The child follows objects well with her right eye.

Cornea↗
PubMed1983

Clinical and ultrastructural analysis of variable speed corneal trephination.

An automated, variable speed trephine was utilized to study the effects of rotation velocity on corneal trephination. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the higher velocity (800 RPM) specimens had less stromal lamellar disruption, producing a smoother interface than either the lower velocity (100 RPM) automated trephinations or manual trephinations.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ocular involvement in the respiratory vasculitides.

The respiratory vasculitides are idiopathic inflammatory syndromes, characteristically involving the pulmonary vasculature as well as that of several other organ systems. The inflammatory response in these diseases is uniformly granulomatous. There are three distinct, recognized respiratory vasculitides: Wegener's granulomatosis, Churg-Strauss syndrome (allergic granulomatosis and angiitis), and lymphomatoid granulomatosis. Each of these entities may have ophthalmic manifestations, and ocular involvement may, in fact, be the presenting sign. The systemic and ocular manifestations, as well as the differential diagnosis and management of each of these entities are discussed.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Peripheral corneal disorders.

The peripheral cornea is anatomically and physiologically distinct from its central counterpart. The major differences relate to the gradual transition of corneal tissues to those of the conjunctiva, episclera, and sclera; furthermore, the vascular structures, lymphatics, and inflammatory cells from these neighboring structures are intimately associated with the limbus and periphery of the cornea. The peripheral cornea is thereby predisposed to three main classes of disorders which do not normally involve the central cornea. First, local conditions affecting the sclera and conjunctiva may secondarily spread to involve the limbus and peripheral cornea. These include several infectious diseases, as well as hypersensitivity conditions, mass lesions, and degenerations. Second, due to the associated blood vessels and lymphatics, the peripheral cornea may be involved in a variety of systemic diseases, including vasculitides, autoimmune disorders, and abnormal metabolic conditions. Finally, there are several conditions, such as the noninflammatory peripheral degenerations, which primarily affect the peripheral cornea without associated ocular or systemic changes. In this review, we present a classification and discussion of the various disorders which may involve the peripheral cornea.

Aging↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Hexagonal keratotomy.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Astigmatism↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The use of concanavalin A to competitively inhibit Pseudomonas aeruginosa adherence to rabbit corneal epithelium.

Microbial adherence to corneal epithelial cells is the initial step in the development of infectious keratitis. In an attempt to inhibit this process, we evaluated the effects of concanavalin A (Con A) upon the adherence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to injured rabbit corneal epithelial cells. A sterile 21-gauge needle was used to create linear epithelial injuries. Identical samples from suspensions of a pure strain of P. aeruginosa were placed on two groups of injured corneas. Prior to bacterial application, one group of corneas received topical application of Con A, a lectin that is capable of binding to alpha-D-mannose or alpha-D-glucose. The animals were sacrificed 1 hour after application of the bacteria. Scanning electron microscopy of the excised corneas revealed that, compared to the corneas that had not been exposed to Con A, those exposed to the lectin had significant fewer adherent P. aeruginosa bacilli. Additionally, only rare bacteria were noted adhering to the uninjured superficial epithelial cells. These results suggest that, by competitively binding to the exposed mannose and/or glucose groups on the surfaces of these cells, Con A is capable of inhibiting the adherence of P. aeruginosa to injured epithelial cells.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Scanning electron microscopic evaluation of the effects of intracameral injection of cyanoacrylate in the rabbit.

We examined, using scanning electron microscopy, the effects of the injection of an isobutyl cyanoacrylate into the rabbit anterior chamber. Injection of the adhesive produced a rapidly polymerized mass that remained in the anterior chamber throughout the course of the study. Additionally, an active inflammatory response was noted in the anterior chamber, characterized by a progressively enlarging "cocoon" of fibrin and inflammatory cells surrounding the polymerized adhesive, as well as inflammatory cells in the trabecular meshwork. Following cyanoacrylate injection, the corneal endothelial cells were noted to be swollen for the first 14 days of the study.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Radial keratotomy: procedures.

The presently employed procedure of radial keratotomy is essentially unchanged from that developed by Fyodorov and introduced into the United States by Bores in 1978. The surgical procedure essentially consists of six basic steps: 1) application of appropriate anesthesia; 2) marking the visual axis; 3) marking the optical zone; 4) measuring the corneal thickness; 5) setting the depth of the blade; and 6) marking the corneal incisions. This review will carefully consider the pros and cons of many potential variations associated with each of these steps.

Anesthetics, Local↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Preliminary evaluation of two experimental surgical adhesives in the rabbit cornea.

We examined the clinical and histopathologic effects of the instillation of two surgical adhesives in the corneal stroma of rabbits. The adhesives examined in this study included a butyl-2-cyanoacrylate (CA) and a combination of a mussel-derived polyphenolic protein (MAP) with an enzyme polymerizer (COX). In this study, either one of the adhesives or balanced saline solution (as a control) was instilled directly into the corneal stroma following the surgical creation of a perilimbal intralamellar pocket. Animals were examined on a regular basis for a 60-day period following instillation and, at predetermined time points, sacrificed for histopathologic evaluation. The group of animals that received intracorneal instillations of CA consistently manifested early and progressive stromal neovascularization of the affected corneas. Histopathologic examination confirmed the progressive neovascularization, as well as a noticeable inflammatory response surrounding the adhesive. In contrast, instillation of the MAP-COX adhesive produced neovascular and inflammatory responses that were later in onset and milder in degree than those observed with CA. In this experimental model, the MAP-COX adhesive appeared to be better tolerated than did the CA.

Animals↗