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Biomedical subjects

J B Pearce

Publications and source records attributed to J B Pearce.

18 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

Practical approaches to reduce the impact of bullying.

Bullying has serious long term consequences for all concerned. The cost of ignoring bullying is great, and it is no longer acceptable to view bullying as a normal part of everyday life that children have to learn to tolerate. Effective strategies exist to reduce the frequency of bullying and to make this type of aggressive behaviour less likely to occur.

Aggression↗
PubMed1991

Adolescent self harm patients: audit of assessment in an accident and emergency department.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the assessment of adolescent self harm patients attending an accident and emergency department. DESIGN: Retrospective assessment of case notes. SETTING: Accident and emergency department, Leicester Royal Infirmary. PATIENTS: 210 adolescent patients (aged 9-19 years) attending the department during 1 January 1989-31 December 1989 after deliberate self poisoning; records were available for 200. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Numbers of admissions, discharges from department without either a psychiatric consultation or some form of follow up, and discharges with either of these; scoring of adequacy of psychiatric and social assessment by accident and emergency doctor. RESULTS: 89 patients were admitted (mean score 5.1, excluding 22 patients too drowsy or unforthcoming for proper assessment), 80 were discharged without specific psychiatric consultation or other follow up (mean score 5.4), and 31 were discharged with psychiatric consultation or other follow up (mean score 9.1). The percentage of patients in each group whose assessment by the accident and emergency doctor was considered to be adequate or better than adequate over 10 headings ranged from 0%-40% for admitted patients, 0%-50% for those discharged without psychiatric assessment, and 0%-61% in the remaining group. Overall, in almost half (49%, 54/111) of all of those discharged documentation of the suicidal state was inadequate. CONCLUSION: The assessment of many adolescent self harm patients in this clinic was unsatisfactory. IMPLICATIONS: Doctors working in accident and emergency departments should be encouraged to liaise with child psychiatrists before discharging such patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Snail toxins.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Increased histamine-output from the isolated gastric mucosa of the rat in response to pentagastrin and methacholine.

1 A rat isolated gastric mucosal preparation was used to monitor histamine output and acid secretion during stimulation by different secretagogues. 2 In non-stimulated preparations, spontaneous histamine output decreased over 450 min. 3 Stimulation of secretion with 4 (5)-methylhistamine or dibutyryl cyclic adenosine 3'5'-monophosphate (db cyclic AMP) and theophylline did not influence histamine output. 4 Pentagastrin, gastrin and methacholine increased both acid secretion and histamine output. Pentagastrin and gastrin mobilized six times more histamine and relation to acid secretion than did methacholine. 5 Spontaneous histamine output and secretagogue-induced increases were unaffected by changes in external Ca2+ (0.0 to 7.2 mM) or Mg2+ (1.2 to 4.8 mM). 6 These results support the hypothesis that mucosal histamine plays a more important role in the action of gastrin than of cholinomimetics on the parietal cell.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Benzodiazepines reduce gastric ulcers induced in rats by stress.

1 The sedative and antiulcer effects of chlordiazepoxide (5 to 50 mg/kg) and lorazepam (0.25 to 2.5 mg/kg) were investigated in the rat. 2 Sedation was measured by recording locomotor activity in a holeboard. Ulceration of the glandular stomach was induced by a 2 h period of restrain at 4 degrees C. 3 Acutely, both drugs produced significant sedation at all doses; high doses only (chlordiazepoxide 10 and 50 mg/kg; lorazepam 2.5 mg/kg) produced a significant reduction in ulcer formation. 4 With chronic treatment, after 5 and 10 days administration of chlordiazepoxide (50 mg/kg), tolerance to sedation was observed without a similar change in antiulcer action. 5 Cimetidine (20 mg/kg) and atropine (0.2 mg/kg) decreased ulcer formation without causing sedation. 6 The antisecretory profile of chlordiazepoxide (2 x 10(-4) M), in the rat isolated gastric mucosa, resembled that of atropine (10(-7) M) rather than cimetidine (10(-5) M). 7 These observations suggest that the antiulcer effect of benzodiazepines probably results from a combination of sedative, anxiolytic and antisecretory actions.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

The recognition of depressive disorder in children.

A study of 547 children aged between 3 and 17 years, attending a child psychiatric clinic, showed that 23% were rated as having the symptom of morbid depression present. This group was compared with a control group from the same clinic without depression. The depressed children had a number of symptoms which were significantly associated with depression and formed a characteristic pattern of symptoms that could be defined as a specific depressive disorder.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Effects of calcium on acid secretion from the rat isolated gastric mucosa during stimulation with histamine, pentagastrin, methacholine and dibutyryl cyclic adenosine-3',5'-monophosphate.

1. An isolated gastric mucosal preparation from immature rats is described. The mucosal surface was superfused and acid secretion was recorded continuously by monitoring H+ -ion concentration. 2. Repeated stimulation with submaximal concentrations of histamine or dibutyryl cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (db cyclic AMP) produced consistent responses. Secretion induced by pentagastrin and methacholine demonstrated varying degrees of tachyphylaxis. All responses were readily reversed on washing out the secretagogue. 3. Reduction of Ca2+ from 3.6 mM increased responses to histamine, pentagastrin and methacholine while increase of Ca2+ to 7.2 mM decreased responses. Db cyclic AMP-induced secretion was not influenced by external Ca2+. 4. When Mg2+ was raised from 1.2 mM responses to histamine and pentagastrin increased. Replacement of Ca2+ with Mg2+ produced a transient increase followed by a decrease in responses. 5. The similarity of the effects of Ca2+ on pentagastrin, methacholine and histamine indicates that neither pentagastrin nor methacholine act via Ca2+ -dependent histamine release.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Hypocalcaemic myopathy with paranoid psychosis.

A description is given of a patient with idiopathic hypoparathyroidism and a paranoid psychosis. Changes in muscle, electromyograms, and blood enzyme levels were related to hypocalcaemia. Reference is made to the elevations of these enzyme levels found in other cases of psychosis.

Aged↗