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Biomedical subjects

J B Morgan

Publications and source records attributed to J B Morgan.

84 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

The nutrition and growth over a 10 month period of an infant with the Prader-Willi syndrome.

The nutritional status and growth of infants in the pre-obese phase of the Prader-Willi Syndrome has not previously been investigated. In this study the daily energy and protein intake of a male infant with this syndrome was measured from the 21st to the 330th day of life, together with weekly weight and monthly height measurements. The primary source of food was expressed breast milk. Daily energy intake was 29-66 per cent below recommended amounts. Protein intake did not exceed 12 g per day. Body weight remained at or below the third centile with a marked downward trend at 6 months. The symptoms associated with the Prader-Willi Syndrome result in a lack of physical maturity; poor feeding exacerbates this situation.

Body Weight↗
PubMed1983

Double metabolic balances on low birthweight infants fed formulae of differing composition.

The comparative nutritional merits of two infant milk formulae, Ready-to-Feed Premium Babyfood (Cow and Gate Ltd.) and Prematalac (Cow and Gate Ltd.) were examined--Prematalac is modified in an attempt to meet the specific requirements of the low birthweight infant. Nine premature infants were enrolled for two metabolic balance periods in a cross-over experimental design. At the onset the infants were randomly allocated one of two milks. Various anthropometric data were collected at the start and end of each 4 day balance. All infants received more energy and protein per kg body weight per day on Prematalac compared with Premium. Incremental weight, though satisfactory for both milks over the balance periods, was greater when Prematalac was fed compared with Premium (mean and (range) 46 (25-93), 19 (9-44) g per day respectively). No differences were detected for gain in length between the two milks. Mean percent digestibility of energy intake was similar for both milks (92%). Infants retained more nitrogen when fed Prematalac compared with Premium (mean (+SD) 477 (59) and 299 (30) mg per kg per day respectively). Neither milk was considered ideal, and we conclude that standard formulae are unable to support the potential for gain in lean body tissue of the premature infant.

Anthropometry↗
PubMed1983

Thermic effect of feeding in relation to energy balance in elderly men.

Resting metabolic rate (RMR) and the thermic effect of feeding (TEF) two meals of differing energy densities were measured in 8 healthy elderly men aged 63-74 years. Similar measurements were made on 8 healthy young men aged 22-28 years. TEF was related to the meal size in both groups. Metabolic rate increased by 20.7 and 27.9% in the elderly group (EG) and 25.8 and 37.7% in the control group (CG) in response to the 2.0-and 4.0-MJ meals, respectively. Although the EG were fatter than the CG, they consumed a smaller daily food intake: we suggest that the decline in RMR and TEF as indicated by the study would explain his paradox.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

A study of the thermic responses to a meal and to a sympathomimetic drug (ephedrine) in relation to energy balance in man.

1. Sixteen adult male volunteers were selected on the basis of body size and customary food intake: half could be described as "lean' and habitually consuming large amounts of food (group mean +/- SEM: 15.03 +/- 1.13 MJ/d), the high-energy-intake group (HEI group), and half though "lean' admitted to a weight problem and regularly consumed a lower than average food intake (group mean +/- SEM: 6.90 +/- 0.39 MJ/d), the low-energy-intake group (LEI group). 2. Energy expenditure was measured by open-circuit indirect calorimetry. Resting metabolic rate (RMR) was recorded. A meal (Complan, either 2.1 MJ or 4.2 MJ), ephedrine hydrochloride (0.25 mg and 0.50 mg/kg body-weight) or a water control were then administered and metabolic rate (MR) was measured for 4 h. Blood was collected before and 1 h after the meal or drug, and the serum analysed for various hormones and blood metabolites. 3. The size of the thermic response to feeding but not the time-course was related to meal size in both groups. MR increased by 21.6 and 28.6% in the HEI group and by 8.2 and 20.0% in the LEI group in response to the 2.1 and 4.2 MJ Complan meals respectively. Fasting insulin levels were similar in both groups but showed a significantly higher level in the LEI than HEI group after the Complan meals. 4. The mean RMR increased by 5.2 and 10.3% in the LEI in response to ephedrine and by 15.7 and 11.2% in the HEI groups after 0.25 mg and 0.50 mg ephedrine/kg respectively. The rise in serum-free fatty acids in response to ephedrine was significantly higher in the HEI group than in the LEI group. 5. These results suggest (1) the meal size required to promote a maximum thermic effect is smaller in energetically-inefficient individuals (2) the sensitivity to a sympathomimetic drug is also increased in energetically-inefficient individuals. 6. We conclude that in energetically-efficient individuals both the thermic response to a meal and the sympathetic-mediated thermogenesis are lower than in energetically-inefficient ones.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

A longitudinal study of nutrition and growth of infants initially on the upper and lower centile for weight and age.

Twenty-four infants, initially either above the 90th centile or below the 10th centile weight for age for sex, were enrolled in an 18-month-longitudinal study. They were all under one year of age at the first survey. On four consecutive occasions, separated by six month intervals, 7-d weighed food intakes were measured together with random duplicate samples of a 24-h food intake. In addition, various anthropometric data were collected at each survey. Although the two groups of children remained different in terms of body size and skinfold measurements throughout the study, there were no differences in energy or protein intakes (per caput or per kg body weight) at any survey. We conclude that factors other than simple food intake are more important in determining the body size of pre-school children and suggest that these factors could include components of energy expenditure.

Body Weight↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Twin very low birth weight infants: a study of nutritional and hormonal status.

Nonidentical twin male infants (twin 1,950 g birth weight, twin 2,970 g) had their nutritional and hormone status studied for up to 59 days. Both infants received parenteral nutrition up to 32 days postnatally; enteral feeding was then established in twin 1; in twin 2 parenteral feeding was recommenced on day 35, for the remainder of the study. Serial 72-hr metabolic balances were performed in both infants at 4, 32, 45, and 56 days postnatally. Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and growth hormone were assayed on day 2 of each balance. During the course of the study growth was similar in each infant. Overall mean daily energy intakes were 90 kcal/kg/day and 84 kcal/kg/day and percentage nitrogen retention was 62% and 55% in twin 1 and twin 2, respectively. No differences were observed between the two infants in IGF-I or growth hormone. Despite low energy intakes incremental weights were within an acceptable range for both infants.

Energy Intake↗