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Biomedical subjects

J B Moore

Publications and source records attributed to J B Moore.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Concealment of neonatal cerebral infarction on MRI by normal brain water.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is highly sensitive in detecting cerebral infarction in adults, both in the acute and chronic stages. Cytotoxic and vasogenic edema produce an increase in the water content of acutely ischemic brain, resulting in good tissue contrast from adjacent normal brain on spin density, T1 and T2 weighted MR images. Gliosis and other chronic brain changes are well seen in later stages. We recently encountered a case of remote cerebral infarction in an infant, however, which was not evident on the initial MR examination at 7 weeks of age but which was clearly seen on a follow-up scan at 9 1/2 months. Our contention is that the infarct was masked by the known increased water content of the neonatal brain, which results in lengthened spin density and relaxation times; edema and gliosis may thus be obscured. This age-related concealment of ischemic brain changes on MR has not to our knowledge been reported, and we present this case as a caveat in the detection of cerebral infarction in neonates.

Body Water↗
PubMed1987

Determining the relationship of autonomy to self-care agency or locus of control in school-age children.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is a relationship between autonomy and either self-care agency or locus of control in a sample of school-age children. It was hypothesized that there would be a positive relationship between autonomy and both self-care agency and internal locus of control, and that increases in autonomy would be accompanied by increases in the other two variables. A sample of 92 fifth grade subjects was pretested and randomly assigned to one of four groups. Subjects then participated in six 1-hour learning sessions, followed by posttesting. Results demonstrated a positive relationship between autonomy and self-care agency and mixed findings for autonomy and internal locus of control in children. Additionally, as children's autonomy increased, their self-care agency increased; however, their internal locus of control did not. It was concluded that the methods used in this study to promote children's autonomy promoted their self-care agency but not their internal locus of control.

Assertiveness↗
PubMed1986

Malignant retroperitoneal paragangliomas.

The authors reviewed the clinical features of 13 cases of malignant retroperitoneal paragangliomas reported in the English literature and report the 14th case. The reported case represents the first such tumor occurring in the familial form of the disease. Good response to combination chemotherapy in the reported case emphasizes the need to study the role of chemotherapy in the management of this neoplasm.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Inhibition of rabbit platelet phosphodiesterase activity and aggregation by calcium channel blockers.

Rabbit platelet cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase is inhibited by the three calcium channel blockers nifedipine, diltiazem, and verapamil with IC50's of 100 microM, 100 microM and 420 microM, respectively. Also, platelet aggregation induced by 4 microM ADP is inhibited by those compounds. Verapamil is the most potent aggregation inhibitor with an IC50 of 260 microM while diltiazem and nifedipine have IC50's of 630 microM and 840 microM, respectively. All three compounds display a maximum inhibition of 80-85%. Diltiazem and PGD2 potentiate the antiaggregatory activity of each other in that the inhibitions occurring in the presence of the combination of the two (at varying concentrations) exceed the calculated sums of the inhibitions produced by each alone. On the other hand, the antiaggregatory activities of verapamil or nifedipine, are additive with that of PGD2 in that no significant differences exist between the observed inhibitions produced by the combinations and the calculated summed values of the individual inhibitions. Our data suggest, therefore, that in addition to lowering intracellular calcium ions, which are required for platelet aggregation, the three calcium channel blockers inhibit the breakdown of cyclic AMP thereby promoting antiaggregation.

1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine↗
PubMed1984

High affinity binding sites for [3H]-nitrendipine in rabbit uterine smooth muscle.

The binding properties of the high affinity binding site for [3H]-nitrendipine on rabbit uteri membranes were investigated. The specific component had a dissociation constant of 0.46 +/- .07 nM and a maximal binding of 175 +/- 11 pmol/mg. A variety of other calcium channel blockers inhibited the binding of [3H]nitrendipine with varying potencies. Flunarizine demonstrated a high potency (IC50 = 0.30 microM) in inhibiting binding while verapamil and bepridil were less potent with IC50's of approximately 0.6-1.5 microM. Diltiazem did not displace nitrendipine even at very high concentrations. Verapamil displayed negative cooperative inhibition suggesting that a second site exists on uterine membranes for the binding of other calcium channel blockers.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

A biomechanical comparison of vascularized and conventional autogenous bone grafts.

Vascularized and conventional autogenous rib grafts were used to reconstruct 6-cm ulnar defects in the forelegs of the nine dogs. Each dog served as its own control. Biomechanical torsional testing of the grafted ulnas showed that vascularized grafts were 234 percent stronger than the conventional grafts. Bone toughness (energy absorbed) was 483 percent greater in the vascularized grafts, and elastic modulus and proportional limits were 263 and 246 percent greater, respectively. We conclude that vascularized bone grafts are significantly stronger than conventional autogenous bone grafts after 3 months of healing in the dog ulna model.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Scaphoid (navicular) fracture of the wrist.

This common fracture most frequently affects young males. In most cases, the fracture is found on initial examination. Occasionally, it is missed on the initial radiographic evaluation but becomes apparent on follow-up films. Although most scaphoid fractures respond to conservative therapy, some fail to heal. Nonunion of the scaphoid may respond to various nonoperative and operative techniques. In such cases, consultation with a hand surgeon is useful.

Bone Transplantation↗
PubMed1983

Ulnar artery aneurysm in osteogenesis imperfecta.

A case of acute thrombosis of an ulnar artery aneurysm in a patient with osteogenesis imperfecta tarda is described. The pathophysiology of osteogenesis imperfecta is reviewed and the possible association of defective collagen maturation and aneurysm formation is postulated. Most ulnar artery aneurysms or thromboses should be surgically resected and the artery repaired by microsurgical technique with primary anastomosis if possible or a venous interpositional graft if direct repair is not possible without tension.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Age, sex, and body composition as predictors of children's performance on basic motor abilities and health-related fitness items.

The purpose of this study was to determine the contribution of age, sex, and body composition to children's motor performances on selected basic motor tasks, balance, speed, agility, power, coordination, and reaction time, and health-related fitness items, flexibility, muscle strength and endurance, and cardiovascular functions. 80 subjects were students in Grades 1, 2, 3. Data were submitted to a step-wise multiple linear regression for each criterion variable. Predictor variables were age, sex, and body composition. Age was a significant factor in predicting performance on all variables except muscle strength, endurance, and flexibility. Sex significantly predicted performance for only flexibility and cardiovascular function and body composition for the power and cardiovascular function variables. Beyond the biological potential of each individual are factors that influence his motor development. These factors need early identification to make possible opportunities for each person to reach the full perimeters of motor potential.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1982

Hemodynamic effects of aortic occlusion during hemorrhagic shock.

We investigated cardiac dynamics following temporary aortic occlusion during profound hypovolemia and abdominal distention. Control animals (N = 10) were bled from a femoral artery catheter to a systolic blood pressure of 60 mm Hg, while simultaneous abdominal distention was effected with intraperitoneal infusion of saline. After one hour of shock, thoracic aortic occlusion and immediate laparotomy were performed. The aorta was clamped for 20 minutes and then released over 5 minutes. The second group (N = 10) underwent the same procedure but received methylprednisolone sodium succinate intravenously at the time of aortic occlusion. During hypotension, mean arterial pressure, cardiac output, stroke volume, and stroke work decreased, while systemic vascular resistance increased. Aortic occlusion improved cardiac hemodynamics in the control group; in the steroid group these changes were even more pronounced. Measurement of dp/dt demonstrated ventricular contractility impaired during hypotension and improved during the period of aortic occlusion. Temporary thoracic aortic occlusion in the face of profound hypotension and massive abdominal distention improved cardiac function. The resulting increased afterload in this hypovolemic state was without deleterious effects. Furthermore, steroids appeared to enhance the cardiac response to aortic cross-clamping.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Major abdominal vascular trauma--a unified approach.

Advances in prehospital emergency care have increased the numbers of patients arriving at the hospital with immediate life-threatening trauma. This is a review of our recent 6-year experience with 161 major abdominal vascular injuries in 123 patients. The distribution by injury site and respective mortality were: 18, aortic (56%); 39, aortic branch (37%); 51, inferior vena cava (39%); 30, inferior vena cava branch (45%); and 23, portal venous system (39%). The overall death rate was 37%. Forty-six patients presented with unobtainable blood pressure and 19 (41%) survived. Left thoracotomy and temporary aortic occlusion were required in the resuscitation of 45 patients; when applied in the emergency department the salvage rate was 7%, and in the operating room, 35%. Forty-four patients had more than one major vascular injury and 17 (39% recovered, compared to a survival rate of 76% with single vascular trauma. Others have emphasized that most deaths from major abdominal vascular injury are a result of hemorrhage. In our study although 89% of mortality was due to bleeding, half occurred after control of the major bleeding sites. These findings suggest that coagulopathy, hypothermia, and acidosis are complicating factors which demand as much attention by the surgeon as the initial resuscitation and operative control classically emphasized.

Abdomen↗