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Biomedical subjects

J B McCormick

Publications and source records attributed to J B McCormick.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

Epidemic streptococcal sore throat following a community picnic.

Following a picnic, nearly half of the persons who attended became ill. Sixty-three of 139 throat cultures were positive for group A beta-hemolytic streptococci. Forty-seven of the positive cultures were available for typing, 34 of which harbored the epidemic strain, group A beta-hemolytic Streptococcus type T-3/13/B3264. This contrasted with two of 204 controls who had not attended, but harbored the epidemic strain. Food preferences and illness rates implicated the potato salad, and from it the epidemic strain was isolated. The attack rate and case-to-infection ratio among those who attended the picnic was significantly greater for persons over 10 years of age. Prompt institution of chemoprophylaxis could possibly have prevented at least 50% of the cases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Gonadotropin responses to luteinizing releasing factor in boys treated with cyclophosphamide for nephrotic syndrome.

Cyclophosphamide therapy of the nephrotic syndrome has been associated with oligo- and azoospermia and with abnormalities of testicular histology in adults and pubertal boys. In 15 prepubertal boys, no abnormalities of basal serum levels of LH, FSH, or T were found when they were studied 8 months to 7 years after cyclophosphamide therapy. Five boys were pubertal during therapy were found to have elevated mean basal values of gonadotropins with normal testosterone levels and elevated LH responses to LRF; the FSH responses to LRF were elevated in four patients. One of four boys who were prepubertal during therapy but pubertal at the time of testing had an elevated basal LH and LH response to LRF. Three boys who were prepubertal at the times of therapy and testing had normal LH responses to LRF. The LRF test may provide a means of identifying the patient who has sustained testicular injury and who may require testicular biopsy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

The risk of meningitis among classroom contacts during an epidemic of meningococcal disease.

During an epidemic of meningococcal disease in Belo Horizonte, Brazil, a retrospective survey was carried out to assess the risk of meningitis associated with exposure in a schoolroom. Forty-seven of 17,012 students reportedly had meningitis in August-November 1974, an incidence of 276 per 100,000. Four of 1356 students with classroom exposure to a case contracted meningitis (secondary attack rate, 295 per 100,000). The results indicate that in the population surveyed, 95% of whom were from 7 to 14 years of age, there is no significantly increased risk associated with classroom exposure to a student with meningitis. Antibiotic prophylaxis of classroom contacts is therefore not indicated and should be reserved for contacts known to be at increased risk, such as members of the patient's household or those having direct contact with the patient's oral secretions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Epidemiologic characteristics of infections caused by ampicillin-resistant Hemophilus influenzae.

Hrom February 1974 through May 1975, 58 isolates of ampicillin-resistant Hemophilus influenzae from patients were submitted to the Center for Disease Control from 23 states and the District of Columbia. The epidemiologic characteristics of these widely scattered cases were strikingly similar to those of cases previously reported from individual communities or institutions. Because of the nationwide distribution of resistant isolates and the adverse consequences of ineffective therapy, the use of chloramphenicol is recommended for the initial management of systemic illness definitely or probably due to H. influenzae type b.

Ampicillin↗
PubMed1975

Human-to-human transmission of Pseudomonas pseudomallei.

Melioidosis, the clinical manifestation of infection with Pseudomonas pseudomallei, has occurred infrequently in American citizens; almost all reported cases have been in Vietnam veterans, usually associated with respiratory disease. A Vietnam veteran from Mississippi developed chronic prostatitis, with no other clinical manifestations, during service in Vietnam, and P. pseudomallei was isolated from prostatic secretions 2 years after his return to the United States. The patient had had sexual contact with four women including his wife since his return from Vietnam. Vaginal and cervical cultures and serum samples were obtained from the four women, and serum samples and cultures of semen were obtained from the patient. Vaginal swabs and semen cultures were negative for P. pseudomallei. The patient and his wife had hemagglutination titers (greater than 640) diagnostic of P. pseudominallei infection. This occurrence of venereal transmission is the first report of person-to-person spread of P. pseudomallei infection.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Public health considerations in the management of meningococcal disease.

We discuss chemoprophylaxis of household contacts of cases, the current status and use of meningococcal vaccine, and the role of surveillance of household contacts. Available data on secondary attack rates strongly support the need for chemoprophylaxis of household contacts of meningococcal disease cases. Until the current difficulties with side reactions to minocycline are resolved, we recommend the use of rifampin. Surveillance of household contacts alone is an untested, generally impractical, and probably ineffective method of preventing secondary cases of meningococcal disease, although it may have some effect in preventing death by encouraging prompt and appropriate treatment of cases. We recommend the use of serogroups A or C vaccine, or both, in populations experiencing an epidemic of serogroups A or C meningococcal disease. The use of serogroups A or C meningococcal polysaccharide vaccines should also be considered, along with chemoprophylaxis for household contacts of sporadic cases due to either of these organisms.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Towards a human Lassa fever vaccine.

Arenaviruses, such as Lassa fever, establish chronic infections in rodents, leading to incidental transmission to humans. Lassa fever is a clinically severe disease, yet the absence of second attacks implies life-long immunity. The aim of this review is to consider whether such immunity could be provided by vaccines. The South American arenaviruses are controlled by neutralising antibody and a clinical trial of live, attenuated vaccine for Argentinian haemorrhagic fever provided 84% protection. In contrast, there is no evidence for protective humoral immunity against Old World arenaviruses which are controlled by cell-mediated immune responses. Nevertheless, vaccination with Lassa glycoproteins can protect monkeys from disease, implying that protection may be achievable, even though the immunological mechanisms are distinct. Recombinant vaccinia viruses expressing various forms of Lassa glycoproteins can protect both guinea-pigs and primates, while additional protective responses can be mounted against nucleocapsid genes. However, vaccines based upon vaccinia constructs are no longer tenable for African populations with a high seroprevalence of HIV infection. The scientific challenge now remains to find alternative methods of delivering T-cell immunity against glycoproteins from Lassa virus in ways which can overcome the local economic and political hurdles to vaccine development.

Africa, Western↗