Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

J B Lewis

Publications and source records attributed to J B Lewis.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Flaccid quadriparesis associated with Yersinia enterocolitis-induced hypokalemia.

A 23-year-old woman presented with diarrhea, flaccid quadriparesis, a low serum potassium level, and an elevated creatine kinase level. A stool culture yielded Yersinia enterocolitica, and a muscle biopsy was compatible with a hypokalemic myopathy. The patient's diarrhea responded to sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim therapy. We suggest that Y enterocolitica be added to the group of intestinal pathogens capable of producing hypokalemia and rhabdomyolysis.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Abnormal expression of a late gene family L1 protein in monkey cells abortively infected with adenovirus type 2.

The drastically reduced virus yields obtained from monkey cells abortively infected with adenovirus 2 (Ad2) have been attributed primarily to a severe decrease in the accumulation of the virion protein fiber (IV), a product of the most pomoter distal late gene family, L5. Here we report that the accumulation of virion protein IIIa, a product of the proximal late gene family, L1, is also severely depressed. In contrast, the i-leader protein LO-13.6K and L1 protein(s) 52K/55K are expressed with the same time course and in equal amounts in monkey cells abortively infected by Ad2 or productively infected by the Ad2-simian virus 40 (SV40) hybrid Ad2+ND1 or by the host range mutant Ad2+ND3 hr602. L1-52K/55K is phosphorylated in abortively infected CV-1 or CV-C monkey cells as well as in productively infected human and monkey cells. As with fiber expression, the failure to produce IIIa appears to be due partly to reduced or delayed IIIa mRNA accumulation. The small amount of IIIa protein that is synthesized in monkey cells is stable. Since the accumulation of both IIIa and fiber protein is deficient, the mechanism of abortive infection cannot be attributed solely to the absence of the auxiliary fiber leader sequences (1).

Adenoviruses, Human↗
PubMed1988

Prenatal diagnosis of 21-hydroxylase deficiency by the complementary deoxyribonucleic acid probe for cytochrome P-450C-21OH.

The availability of the complementary deoxyribonucleic acid probe for cytochrome P-450C-21OH and the identification of specific gene defects in some families with congenital adrenal hyperplasia have made prenatal diagnosis feasible. Deoxyribonucleic acid samples from amniocytes of a fetus at 16 weeks' gestation, one previously affected son, and their parents were digested with the restriction enzymes Tag1 [corrected] or EcoRI and hybridized to the cytochrome P-450C-21OH complementary deoxyribonucleic acid probe. The previously affected son and the fetus both lacked the Tag1 [corrected] 3.7 kb band. At the time of delivery, the second child had a cord blood 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone level of 8000 ng/dl. The absence of the 3.7 kb Tag1 [corrected] fragment in affected members of this family made possible the use of deoxyribonucleic acid analysis for prenatal diagnosis.

17-alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone↗
PubMed1987

Identification of adenovirus type 2 early region 1B proteins that share the same amino terminus as do the 495R and 155R proteins.

Adenovirus type 2 early region 1B (E1B) proteins synthesized in vitro were fractionated chromatographically and characterized by peptide and sequence analysis and by reaction with peptide-specific antisera targeted to either the N or C terminus of either of two overlapping E1B reading frames (175 or 495 codons). In addition to the previously identified E1B-495R, E1B-175R, and E1B-155R species, two other E1B proteins of similar electrophoretic mobility to the 175R protein were identified. E1B-82R is an abundant product in vitro and in vivo that has the same N terminus as that of the 495R and 155R proteins but a different C terminus. The structure of 82R is predicted by the structure of the abundant 13S (1.02-kilobase) E1B mRNA. E1B-168R is a novel minor species consisting of the 24 amino-terminal residues of the 495R protein fused to the entire polypeptide IX sequence. An additional, minor 16,000-molecular-weight polypeptide was detected that may correspond to a predicted 92R E1B protein, but definitive identification was not possible. These observations establish that the leftmost portion (78 codons) of the 495-codon reading frame, which overlaps the right half of the 175-codon reading frame, is expressed as an abundant protein that does not contain other 495R sequences. This region, which may participate in the regulation of region E1A expression, may thus constitute a functional domain distinct from the rightward portion of the 495R protein.

Adenovirus Early Proteins↗
PubMed1987

Differential nuclear localization of the major adenovirus type 2 E1a proteins.

The localization in infected and transformed cells of the two major adenovirus type 2 E1a proteins, of 289 and 243 amino acid residues, was studied with antisera raised against synthetic peptides or a TrpE-E1a fusion protein. Both E1a proteins were detected only in the nucleus of infected cells as determined by immunofluorescence analysis of cells infected with wild-type virus or with the mutants pm975 or dl1500, which produce, respectively, only the 289-residue or only the 243-residue E1a protein. However, the 289-residue protein was more tightly associated with the nucleus than was the 243-residue protein, as determined by the stability of nuclear fluorescence to different fixation procedures and by the use of radioimmunoprecipitation and Western blot analysis to analyze fractions extracted from the nucleus by detergent and other treatments. The latter experiments revealed that only the 289-residue protein, and only a fraction of that protein present in the nucleus, is associated with the nuclear matrix, both in infected HeLa cells and in the transformed human cell line 293.

Adenovirus Early Proteins↗
PubMed1986

Morphological transformation of established rodent cell lines by high-level expression of the adenovirus type 2 E1a gene.

When a strong promoter derived from the mouse metallothionein gene was substituted for the homologous adenovirus type 2 E1a promoter, leading to enhanced levels of E1a RNAs and proteins in cells transfected with the chimeric gene, the E1a gene alone was able to induce in established cell lines alterations in cellular morphology and growth properties similar to those produced by the combined action of E1a and E1b genes. The qualitative effects of E1a gene expression upon cellular properties thus depend on the level of expression of the E1a gene. Furthermore, E1a may be the primary transforming gene of adenoviruses, since it produced many of the characteristics of transformed cells that had previously been attributed to E1b.

Adenovirus Early Proteins↗
PubMed1985

Presence in infected cells of nonvirion proteins encoded by adenovirus messenger RNAs of the major late transcription regions L0 and L1.

The adenovirus major late promoter functions at early and intermediate times to produce a limited set of mRNAs that appear in the cytoplasm of productively infected HeLa cells. These mRNAs may be translated in cell-free systems to produce two unrelated polypeptides of approximately 13,500 Mr (L0-13.5K and L0-13.6K) and a pair of related polypeptides of approximately 55,000 Mr (the L1-52K/55K proteins). Radiochemical protein sequence analysis of in vitro synthesized proteins has identified the N-terminal sequences of the L0-13.5K and L0-13.6K proteins (J. B. Lewis and C. W. Anderson (1983), Virology 127, 112-123). Additional sequence analyses confirmed the identification of the open reading frame for the L0-13.5K protein, and identified the ATG encoded by nucleotides 11,040 to 11,042 from the left end of the adenovirus genome as the initial codon of the L1-52K/55K protein. Antisera raised against synthetic peptides homologous to these three amino termini were used to demonstrate the presence of the L0-13.5K protein, the L0-13.6K protein, and the L1-52K/55K proteins in extracts of HeLa cells infected by adenovirus 2. The L0-13.5K protein was detected at early, intermediate, and late times after infection. The L0-13.6K and L1-52K/55K proteins were detected only at late times. Immunofluorescence microscopy indicated that the L0-13.6K protein is distributed around the periphery of the nucleus and along fibers running the length of the cell. Nonpermeabilized infected cells were stained by anti-L0-13.6K peptide serum at a single spot on the cell surface. Neither the L0-13.6K nor the L1-52K/55K proteins were detected in purified virus.

Adenoviruses, Human↗
PubMed1985

Translatable mRNA for GP140 (a subunit of type VI collagen) is absent in SV40 transformed fibroblasts.

Production of GP140, a major component of the extracellular matrix of cultured fibroblasts, is markedly decreased in SV40 transformed cells as compared with normal cells (Carter, W. G., 1982, J. Biol. Chem., 257:13805-13815). To determine at what step the biosynthesis is inhibited, we compared the levels of functional mRNA for GP140 in normal and transformed fibroblasts. Translation of total RNA from W138 cells in a reticulocyte lysate, followed by immunoprecipitation with affinity-purified antibodies to GP140, yielded a single polypeptide with an Mr of 125,000. This polypeptide was identified as GP140 based on its immunoreactivity, collagenase sensitivity, and comigration on polyacrylamide gels with GP140 synthesized by cells in the presence of tunicamycin and 2,2'-bipyridyl. No cell-free synthesis of GP140 was observed with total RNA from SV40 transformed W138 cells, indicating that these cells contain very low levels of GP140-specific mRNA. The biosynthesis of GP140 might therefore be blocked at the transcriptional level.

Cell Transformation, Viral↗
PubMed1984

Early region 1B of adenovirus 2 encodes two coterminal proteins of 495 and 155 amino acid residues.

Partial sequence analysis of tryptic peptides has identified the E1B-495R (E1b-57K) (early transcription region 1B of 495 amino acid residues, with an approximate molecular weight of 57,000) protein of adenovirus 2 as encoded by the 495 amino acid open reading frame located in the adenovirus 2 DNA sequence between nucleotides 2016 and 3500. Additional proteins of 16,000 Mr and 18,000 Mr that are related to the E1B-495R protein were identified by cell-free translation of hybridization-selected mRNA. Analysis of [35S]methionine-containing amino terminal tryptic peptides by thin-layer chromatography showed that the E1B-495R, E1B-18K, and E1B-16K proteins all begin at the same initiation codon. The E1B-495R protein from 293 cells also has the same initial tryptic peptide, acetyl-methionyl-glutamyl-arginine. Sequence analysis of E1B-18K tryptic peptides indicated that this protein also has the same carboxy terminus as the E1B-495R protein and that it is derived from an mRNA that is spliced to remove sequences between nucleotides 2250 and 3269, resulting in a protein product of 155 amino acid residues. Analysis of E1B-16K tryptic peptides has not yet revealed the carboxy terminal structure of this protein. Both the E1B-495R and the E1B-155R (E1B-18K) proteins, as well as the E1B-16K protein, were precipitated from cell-free translations and from extracts of infected cells by antiserum against an amino terminal nonapeptide common to these proteins.

Adenovirus Early Proteins↗
PubMed1983

Proteins encoded near the adenovirus late messenger RNA leader segments.

Small fragments of adenovirus 2 DNA cloned into the single-strand phage M13 were used to select adenoviral messenger RNAs transcribed from the R-strand between map positions 16 and 30. Cell-free translation of these mRNAs produced proteins of 13.5K, 13.6K, and 11.5K, respectively encoded between the first and second segments of the tripartite major late leader, within the "i"-leader segment, and immediately preceding the third leader segment. Partial sequence analysis of the 13.6K protein is consistent with the hypothesis that it is encoded within the i-leader segment.

Adenoviruses, Human↗
PubMed1982

Identification of proteins encoded by a fragment of herpes simplex virus type 2 DNA that has transforming activity.

Cloned BglII fragment N (map units 0.58 to 0.625) of herpes simplex virus type 2 DNA has been shown to transform rodent cells to an oncogenic phenotype (Galloway and McDougall, J. Virol. 38: 749-760, 1981). RNA homologous to this fragment directs the synthesis of five polypeptides in a cell-free translation system. The approximate molecular weights of these proteins are 140,000, 61,000, 56,000, 35,000, and 23,500. The 35,000-dalton protein is the major species late in infection and is the only species detected before the onset of viral DNA replication. The arrangement of the sequences encoding these proteins along the herpes simplex virus type 2 genome was determined by hybridization of the RNA to cloned PstI fragment of BglII-N and to single-stranded DNA segments cloned into M13mp7. Both the hybridization experiments and immunoprecipitation with monoclonal antibodies suggested that the 140,000- and 35,000-dalton proteins are at least partially colinear and share antigenic determinants.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Identification of the gene and mRNA for the adenovirus terminal protein precursor.

The precursor of the 55K adenovirus terminal protein is an 87K protein that is covalently linked to viral DNA. This protein is likely to be identical to the 80,000 dalton protein described by Challberg et al. (1980). The mRNA for the 87K terminal protein precursor, like that for the E2-72K DNA binding protein, is detectable at both early and late times of infection, and its production is sensitive to protein synthesis inhibition (Lewis and Mathews, 1980). The 87K protein, together with proteins of 105,000 and 75,000 daltons, are translated from leftward transcribed (1-strand) messenger RNAs that are complementary to the viral genome between positions 11.2 and 31.5. Additional hybridization to the region between coordinates 37.3 and 41 suggests that the RNA body is spliced to sequences mapping farther right in the genome. Electron microscopic heteroduplex analysis has revealed a family of 1-strand RNAs that probably encode these proteins. The RNA bodies extend from coordinated 30, 26 and 23 to 11.1, with leaders at 39, 68.5 and 75 map units, defining a new adenovirus early region. These RNAs and region E2 RNAs share the first leader and presumably the same promoter, and may be coordinately expressed. Virions of the protease-deficient adenovirus 2 mutant ts1 grown at the restrictive temperature contain only the 87K form; when grown at the permissive temperature they contain both the 87K and 55K forms, and an additional 62K form; wild-type virions contain only the 55K form. Peptide analysis shows all these proteins to be related. The DNA-protein complex containing the 87K form is active as a template for viral DNA replication in vitro. This data supports a model of adenovirus DNA replication in which the 87K terminal protein precursor is the primary translation product and primes DNA synthesis. The 87K precursor is processed curing virus maturation to the 55K terminal protein, possibly via a 62K intermediate form, by the virus-specified Ad2ts1 protease.

Adenoviruses, Human↗
PubMed1980

Control of adenovirus early gene expression: a class of immediate early products.

We have identified the viral mRNAs present in cells in which protein synthesis has been stringently inhibited prior to infection with adenovirus type 2. These species presumably represent the subset of viral mRNAs that are "immediate early" products, requiring only host cell genes of their expression, and they do not include any of the conventionally recognized early mRNAs. Treatment of cells with 100 microM anisomycin inhibits 99.6% of protein synthesis and substantially depresses (by 20--200 fold) the levels of the conventional early mRNAs from regions E1A, E1B, E2, E3 and E4. Also depressed are species encoding an 87K protein (11.6--31.5 map units) and a 13.6K protein (encoded a short distance to the right of 21.5 map units). The only mRNAs not depressed by this treatment are an mRNA for a 13.5K protein encoded between 17.0 and 21.5 map units, and the mRNA for the late 52,55K protein encoded between 29 and 34 map units, which is also present in small amounts at early times. Further proof that production of the mRNA for the immediate early 13.5K protein is independent of E1A gene function is provided by the observation that it can be detected in cells infected with the E1A deletion mutant dl312.

Adenoviruses, Human↗