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Biomedical subjects

J B Lee

Publications and source records attributed to J B Lee.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Scintigraphic diagnosis of syphilitic lesions in rabbits by radiolabelled monoclonal antibodies specific for Treponema pallidum.

Immunoscintigraphy with radiolabelled monoclonal antibodies has been widely used to detect solid tumours. The purpose of this study was to investigate its potential for the specific localization of syphilitic lesions. F(ab')2 fragments were prepared from murine monoclonal antibodies against Treponema pallidum produced in our laboratory and labelled with 131I. Bilateral testicular infections were created in rabbits by inoculation with T. pallidum or Staphylococcus aureus. Seven to 10 days after inoculation, radiolabelled antibodies were injected intravenously. Serial gamma images were then taken 2 h after the injection and at 24 h intervals thereafter. Beginning as early as 2 h post-injection, the testicles could be visualized with either specific or non-specific antibodies. Gamma images in the monoclonal antibody-treated, T. pallidum-infected group persisted up to 48 h post-injection. Lesions were not discernible from background in the S. aureus-infected group injected with the monoclonal antibody and the S. aureus-infected and T. pallidum-infected groups injected with the polyclonal antibody at 24 h post-injection or later. Therefore, due to its ability to differentiate between specific and non-specific antibody-generated images from 24 h post-injection, immunoscintigraphy using monoclonal antibodies specific for T. pallidum may be employed as one of the methods to diagnose difficult cases of syphilitic internal organ involvement as well as syphilis infection in seronegative HIV-infected patients.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Analysis of antigenic characteristics of Rickettsia tsutsugamushi Boryong strain and antigenic heterogeneity of Rickettsia tsutsugamushi using monoclonal antibodies.

Twenty-four monoclonal antibodies were produced by immunizing BALB/c mice with Rickettsia tsutsugamushi Boryong strain and used for the analysis of antigenic characteristics of R.tsutsugamushi Boryong strain and antigenic heterogeneity of R.tsutsugamushi by indirect immunofluorescent(IF) test. R. tsutsugamushi Kato, Karp, Gilliam, TA686, TA716, TA763, TC586, TH1817, and Boryong were used for the analysis of antigenic heterogeneity of R.tsutsugamushi. Five monoclonal antibodies were reactive with 27-kDa protein, four monoclonal antibodies were reactive with 47-kDa protein, and eight monoclonal antibodies were reactive with 56-kDa protein of R.tsutsugamushi Boryong strain. The reactive protein of seven monoclonal antibodies could not be identified by immunoblotting method. All monoclonal antibodies to 27-kDa protein and three monoclonal antibodies to 47-kDa protein, and five monoclonal antibodies to 56-kDa protein were reactive with three to eight strains among nine strains of R. tsutsugamushi tested. One monoclonal antibody reactive to 47-kDa protein(KI18) and two monoclonal antibodies reactive to 56-kDa protein(KI36, and KI37) reacted with all the strains of R. tsutsugamushi tested. Strain-specific monoclonal antibody(KI58) could be found among antibodies which were reactive with 56-kDa protein. There was no strain which showed same reactivity pattern to these 24 monoclonal antibodies among nine strains. From this results, it could be concluded that Boryong strain is antigenically different from other strains of R.tsutsugamushi and antigenic heterogeneity of R.tsutsugamushi is due to the antigenic diversity of several proteins of R. tsutsugamushi including 56-kDa protein.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies to Treponema pallidum.

This study was attempted to produce the monoclonal antibodies specific for Treponema pallidum and to investigate their characteristics, thereby contributing to identify the antigenic structure and to apply the diagnosis of syphilis. The seven clones (YS 3, YS 75, YS 307, YS 481, YS 343, YS 1 and YS 406) secreting monoclonal antibodies reactive with T. pallidum were produced. The isotypes of the seven monoclonal antibodies produced were defined. Optical densities of the 7 monoclonal antibodies were ranged from 0.59 to 1.48 as measured by ELISA. Monoclonal antibodies from 5 of the 7 clones which could agglutinate sheep RBC sensitized with T. pallidum, showed strong fluorescences. The monoclonal antibody from YS 343 was cross-reactive with non-pathogenic treponemes, but the other 6 monoclonal antibodies reacted with T. pallidum specifically. On immunoblotting, monoclonal antibodies from 5 of the 7 clones reacted with a polypeptide of a molecular weight of 47 kDa, and monoclonal antibodies from YS 343 reacted with a polypeptide of 64 kDa common to both T. pallidum and T. phagedenis. The above results revealed that 7 clones secreting monoclonal antibodies reactive to T. pallidum were produced successfully, and specific antibodies reacting with major antigenic polypeptides of a molecular weight of 47 kDa would be useful in the diagnosis of syphilis in the future.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Measurement of brain tissue specific gravity using pycnometry.

In this paper we introduce and characterize pycnometry, a method used to measure fluid density, for determining a tissue's specific gravity. It uses a 2-ml glass pycnometer filled with distilled water to determine a tissue sample's displacement volume. The tissue's density is determined when it's weight is divided by this volume and specific gravity is computed by dividing the tissue density by the density of water. Pycnometry was validated using pre-calibrated glass, specific gravity standards over the range 1.03-1.26, and compared to the density gradient method using rat brain tissue. We observed that the specific gravity values obtained using pycnometry were highly correlated with the specific gravity standards (slope = 1.0107, r = 0.996) and with the density gradient column when tissue volumes larger than 0.120 ml were used with the pycnometer (slope = 1.0707, r = 0.9826). Good correlation was also observed between percent water content values computed using the Nelson equation with pycnometry or density gradient specific gravity values versus the measured percent water content values obtained with the wet weight/dry weight method. Pycnometry is an accurate, reproducible technique to measure tissue specific gravity and brain edema and is best suited for use in a laboratory that engages sporadically in brain edema measurement.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Detection of Treponema pallidum in tissue: a comparative study of the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex, indirect immunoperoxidase, FTA-ABS complement techniques and the darkfield method.

With 37 formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded specimens from the lesions of 30 patients with primary, secondary or gastric syphilis, we performed avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex (ABC), indirect immunoperoxidase (IIP) and FTA-ABS complement techniques. Darkfield examination was done in 17 skin lesions. The immunoperoxidase technique, especially the ABC technique, revealed higher reactivity than the FTA-ABS complement technique and darkfield examination in detecting Treponema pallidum in tissues. Furthermore, the ABC technique produced less intense nonspecific background staining than the IIP technique. Histologically, most of the treponemes were located in the upper dermis, epidermis and vessel walls in the order named, and rarely in the lower dermis of the syphilitic skin lesions.

Avidin↗
PubMed1990

Detection of keratinolytic proteinase in skin tissues from guinea pigs infected with Microsporum canis by an immunoperoxidase technique.

An immunoperoxidase technique was performed to detect keratinolytic proteinase (KPase) in sections of the skin taken from guinea pigs infected with Microsporum canis and in cultured M. canis using polyclonal antisera to purified KPase. Of tissue samples from guinea pigs infected with M. canis, all sections of erythematous lesions showed positive staining mainly in the horny layer and the hair follicles. Positive depositions were seen only at the level of the outer and inner root sheaths of the hair follicles in sections of skin lesions showing scales and crusts. However, sections from areas of alopecia following desquamation of the crust showed no depositions of bright red reaction products. The patterns of deposition of KPase according to the clinical course of experimental dermatophytosis were consistent with the existence of organisms observed by PAS and methenamine silver stains. These results suggest that KPase may be produced during infection with M. canis after the development of erythema and before desquamation of the crust.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Tumorous syphilid.

An unusual form of secondary syphilis, characterised by oozing tumours on the forehead and scalp concomitantly with plaques in the genital area, is presented. The patient was diagnosed as having secondary syphilis by dark-field examination, serologic tests for syphilis, and demonstration of spirochetes in the tissues by the immunoperoxidase technique with avidin-biotin peroxidase complex. Treatment with benzathine penicillin led to rapid resolution of the skin lesions one month later. This case of tumorous syphilid, a variant of papular syphilid, which appears not to have been described in the literature previously.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[A study on injured policemen in dental field].

In 1989, there were 8893 injured policemen by various demonstrations. This injury ratio (8893/130,000) is about 3 times higher than other occupations. Of them, 2869 (31%) were treated at National Police Hospital, and 13% of which were facial injuries. The most common etiologic factor of facial injuries was demonstrations by Univ. students (89.2%), and 93.9% of the victims were injured by thrown stone.

Facial Injuries↗
PubMed1989

Syphilitic gastritis: demonstration of Treponema pallidum with the use of fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption complement and immunoperoxidase stains.

Because of the decrease in the overall incidence of syphilis, syphilitic involvement of stomach is seldom reported in the modern literature. Because of the nonspecific symptoms and signs of the disease, it is necessary to demonstrate Treponema pallidum in the gastric lesions to confirm the diagnosis. With the use of immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase methods we have succeeded in identifying T. pallidum in the gastric wall of a patient who initially had cutaneous manifestations of secondary syphilis and gastric symptoms.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Changes of serum IgG antibody reactivity to protein antigens of Treponema pallidum in syphilis patients after treatment.

The changes of serum IgG antibody reactivity to protein antigens of Treponema pallidum after treatment of syphilis were observed using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and Western blot. Until 9 to 12 months after treatment, it was seen that there was a loss of several antibodies and some diminution in their reactivity in primary, secondary and early latent syphilis, but no changes occurred in late latent and reinfected syphilis. In primary syphilis, there was a significant loss of two IgG antibodies to the treponemal antigens of molecular weights 68,500 and 47,000 at 11 months after treatment. According to our previous study, the treponemal antigen of molecular weight 68,500 was T. pallidum specific and appeared only in primary syphilis, and that of molecular weight 47,000 was one of the major antigens of T. pallidum. The reaction between serum IgG antibodies of 14 patients who had been treated for secondary, early latent and late latent syphilis 2 to 14 years ago and major antigens of T. pallidum was observed and any loss or decrease in reactivity was not discovered. From the results obtained, it was concluded that the observation of serum IgG antibody reactivity to protein antigens of T. pallidum is not helpful in evaluating the efficacy of treatment in secondary, early latent, late latent and reinfected syphilis. However, serum IgG antibodies to treponemal antigens of molecular weights 68,500 and 47,000 could possibly be useful in the assessment of the efficacy of treatment in primary syphilis.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1988

Incidence of lung cancer by histological type from a population-based registry.

Using data from a population-based registry, the Cancer Surveillance Program of Orange County, we examined patterns in lung cancer incidence by histological type for 1984 in Orange County, CA. Age-adjusted incidence rates per 100,000 population are 66.4 for men and 34.1 for women. Compared to 1983 rates for whites from all SEER areas combined, Orange County incidence rates are lower for men but equal for women. Squamous cell carcinoma incidence shows a strong male predominance [male/female 3.4; 95% confidence interval = (2.6, 4.4)], whereas the male/female incidence ratios for adenocarcinoma [male/female 1.4; 95% confidence interval = (1.1, 1.8)] and small cell carcinoma [male/female = 1.8; 95% confidence interval = 1.3, 2.4)] are closer to unity. Smoking habits were abstracted from medical records for 79% of cases. Only 8% of lung cancer cases (5% of men and 12% of women) with known smoking habits are nonsmokers. Adenocarcinoma is the most common cell type among women smokers and nonsmokers, while squamous cell carcinoma predominates in both male smokers and nonsmokers. Cases who smoked were younger at diagnosis than nonsmokers (P less than 0.001) for each cell type. Despite a greater proportion of nonsmokers, cases with adenocarcinoma were younger at diagnosis compared to small cell carcinoma (P less than 0.01) and squamous cell carcinoma (P less than 0.05). The observed patterns of incidence rates by histological type are not entirely explained by current knowledge of the relationship between smoking and cell type.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1988

Effect of hyperthermia on cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (rhodamine 123)2[tetrachloroplatinum(II)] in a human squamous cell carcinoma line and a cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II)-resistant subline.

The effect of concomitant hyperthermia on the cytotoxicities of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (CDDP), a newly synthesized drug, Pt(Rh-123)2, and its chemical components, K2PtCl4 and rhodamine 123, was examined in vitro in a squamous cell tumor line of human origin (SCC-25) and in a CDDP-resistant subline (SCC-25/CP). No difference in the cytotoxicity of hyperthermia alone was observed between these cell lines. The dose-dependent cytotoxicities of 1-h exposures to CDDP and Pt(Rh-123)2 were markedly increased at 42 degrees C and 43 degrees C in comparison to 37 degrees C, and this effect was of the same magnitude in both cell lines (enhancements of approximately 1.5 logs at 42 degrees C and 2.5 logs at 43 degrees C for CDDP and 1.5 logs at 42 degrees C and greater than 3 logs at 43 degrees C for Pt(Rh-123)2). The use of hyperthermia with CDDP, however, did not lower survivals in the SCC-25/CP cells even to the levels seen in the parent line at 37 degrees C. The cytotoxicities of K2PtCl4 and rhodamine 123 were essentially the same in the CDDP-sensitive and -resistant cells at all temperatures tested. The magnitude of the temperature effect was significantly greater for Pt(Rh-123)2 than for its chemical components. No significant effect on CDDP or Pt(Rh-123)2 accumulation was observed at 42, 43, 44 or 45 degrees C in either cell line. DNA lesions, measured by alkaline elution, were significantly enhanced for CDDP in the SCC-25 cells at 42 degrees C. These results suggest that treatment with hyperthermia and either CDDP or Pt(Rh-123)2 should result in supraadditive anti-tumor effects, although the efficacy of CDDP plus hyperthermia will be significantly less once resistance to CDDP has developed. Since resistance to CDDP does not imply cross-resistance to Pt(Rh-123)2, and since the effect of hyperthermia is somewhat greater for Pt(Rh-123)2 than for CDDP at 43 degrees C, Pt(Rh-123)2 may be more selectively toxic to tumor cells when used with local hyperthermia versus normal cells outside the treated area, especially if resistance to CDDP has already developed.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed1988

Detection of circulating antibodies to purified keratinolytic proteinase in sera from guinea pigs infected with Microsporum canis by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

A keratinolytic proteinase (KPase) which is regarded as an important factor in the pathogenesis of dermatophytosis was isolated and purified from Microsporum (M.) canis culture filtrates. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to determine the occurrence of circulating antibodies to this enzyme in sera samples from guinea pigs with superficial fungal infections caused by M. canis. Of sera samples from guinea pigs infected with M. canis, 75% were reactive within 10 weeks, however, those ELISA values were relatively low compared with those from guinea pigs immunized with KPase. The presence of circulating antibodies was first detected 2 weeks post inoculation with M. canis, corresponding to the period when the lesions were most severe. The titers of the ELISA antibodies reached a peak at 4 weeks; at that time the lesions had disappeared completely.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Recent trends of syphilis prevalence in normal population in Korea-1986.

The 6,097 blood donors in Seoul area, the 1,883 pregnant women delivered at Severance Hospital and the 5,136 physical examinees were evaluated for VDRL reactivity. Also, the FTA-ABS and TPHA tests were performed on those who were VDRL-positive, and the 19S (IgM)-FTA test were done on the subjects who were reactive for the FTA-ABS and TPHA tests. All the subjects were over the age of 20 and the study period was conducted from January of 1986 through December of 1986. The results are summarized as follows: 1. VDRL-positive rates were 0.5% in the blood donors, 0.6% in the pregnant women and 0.8% in the physical examinees. 2. The quantitative test of VDRL resulted in low titer below 1:4 in 96% of VDRL-positive pregnant women and physical examinees. 3. The 19S (IgM)-FTA test was reactive in 3 of 12 treated subjects (25%) and 4 of 10 untreated subjects (40%). From the results it is clear that the prevalence of syphilis is continually decreasing compared to the mid 1970's and the early 1980's.

Adult↗