Biomedical subjects

J B Kingree

Publications and source records attributed to J B Kingree.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2006

Associations between juvenile delinquency and weight-related variables: analyses from a national sample of high school students.

OBJECTIVE: This study examined direct and conditional associations between juvenile delinquency and weight-related variables in a national sample of high school students. METHOD: Data from the 2003 Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) of 12,713 high school students aged 14 to 17 were examined. Logistic regression analyses were used to analyze the data. RESULTS: Bivariate and multivariate analyses indicated that juvenile delinquents were more likely than nondelinquents to use fasting, vomiting, and drugs to lose weight or to keep from gaining weight. Multivariate analyses also showed that delinquents were more likely than nondelinquents to perceive themselves as overweight, but the two groups did not differ in regard to actual overweight status. Tests of interactions in multivariate analyses indicated that the associations between delinquent status and specific, weight-related variables were stronger among younger than among older adolescents, as well as among female than among male adolescents. CONCLUSIONS: Future research should examine risk and protective factors for unhealthy weight control behaviors and perceptions among delinquents.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2006

The development and initial evaluation of the survey of readiness for alcoholics anonymous participation.

This article presents 5 studies related to the development and initial evaluation of the Survey of Readiness for Alcoholics Anonymous Participation (SYRAAP). The SYRAAP is a brief, multidimensional, self-administered instrument that assesses beliefs associated with Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) participation. Study 1 generated 239 candidate items for potential inclusion in the instrument. Study 2 assessed the content validity of these items according to 3 criteria and identified a subset of 60 with the highest values on the criteria for further consideration. Study 3 produced a shorter version of the SYRAAP and evaluated its structure, internal reliability, and validity. Study 4 reevaluated the structure and internal reliability of the SYRAAP and yielded findings that were generally consistent with those from Study 3. Study 5 established stability reliability for the instrument. The collective findings indicated the SYRAAP can reliably and validly assess individual-level beliefs associated with AA participation. The potential use of the SYRAAP for researchers and clinicians, along with limitations of the work presented here, are discussed.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2006

The roles of victim and perpetrator alcohol use in intimate partner violence outcomes.

Alcohol use increases the risk of intimate partner violence (IPV), yet little research has examined its role in victimization outcomes (e.g., physical injury, police reporting). This study examined the roles of perpetrator and victim incident-specific alcohol use in IPV outcomes. The sample included 501 men and 1,756 women who had experienced an IPV physical assault. Logistic regression analyses showed that after controlling for relevant covariates, women whose partners had been drinking were significantly more likely to be injured than were women whose partners had not been drinking. A woman's own alcohol use was unrelated to victimization outcomes. Men were significantly more likely to report the incident if their partners had been drinking but were marginally less likely to report if they had been drinking. Findings suggest that perpetrators' incident-specific alcohol use is important in understanding which victims are most likely to be injured and report the incident to the police.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

Associations between delinquency and suicidal behaviors in a nationally representative sample of adolescents.

Suicide was the second leading cause of death for 14-17 years olds in 2002. Prior studies indicate that suicidal behaviors are especially common among juvenile delinquents, yet this association has not been examined in a national sample. The 2003 Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System was used to examine associations between suicidal behaviors and delinquency in a nationally representative sample of 14-17 year olds. Results indicated that delinquent adolescents were more likely to have seriously considered suicide (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 5.44), made a suicide plan (AOR = 4.90), attempted suicide (AOR = 10.08), and required medical treatment after attempting suicide (AOR = 14.61) compared to their nondelinquent counterparts. Delinquency was significantly related to suicidal behaviors for boys and girls, but the magnitudes of effects were larger for girls. This finding suggests that delinquent youth, particularly delinquent girls, should be targeted in interventions to reduce suicidal behaviors.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2004

The role of alcohol use in intimate partner violence and non-intimate partner violence.

Alcohol use is a risk factor for violent victimization in general, and intimate partner violence in particular. However, there has been limited empirical attention on whether alcohol use is more often associated with IPV or non-IPV offenses. Further, few studies on the association between alcohol use and victimization have assessed for incident-specific alcohol use, or examined both victim and perpetrator alcohol use. We used data from the National Violence Against Women Survey to determine if incident-specific alcohol use is more prevalent in IPV or non-IPV physical assaults, and to determine if the association varied by gender. Results indicated that among women, perpetrator alcohol use was twice as likely in IPV incidents than in non-IPV incidents, but among men, perpetrator alcohol use was four times less likely in IPV incidents than in non-IPV incidents. Our results highlight the important role of gender in understanding the association between alcohol use and victimization risk.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

Gender differences in long-term health consequences of physical abuse of children: data from a nationally representative survey.

OBJECTIVES: This study investigated the effects of physical abuse in childhood on health problems in adulthood and assessed gender differences in these associations. METHODS: We used data from 8000 men and 8000 women who were interviewed in the National Violence Against Women Survey. We used multivariate logistic regression to test for main and interactive effects and conducted post hoc probing of significant moderational effects. RESULTS: Men were more likely than women to have experienced physical abuse during childhood. Whereas abuse had negative consequences for both boys and girls, it was generally more detrimental for girls. CONCLUSIONS: Findings suggest the need to consider gender differences and long-term adverse health consequences in the development of intervention strategies to address physical abuse in childhood.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2003

Risky sexual behavior in relation to marijuana and alcohol use among African-American, male adolescent detainees and their female partners.

This study examined substance use and risky sexual behavior (RSB) in a specific incident among 210 African-American, male adolescents who were being held in juvenile detention facilities. The participants completed a questionnaire that included four measures of substance use (i.e. alcohol and marijuana use by the participants and their partners), two measures of RSB (i.e. no prior discussion of sexual risks, condom nonuse) and six measures of potential correlates of sexual risk. Within-subjects analyses indicated participants and their partners were more likely to have used marijuana than alcohol during the sexual incident. Bivariate analyses indicated the participants' marijuana use was associated with no prior discussion of sexual risks and condom nonuse, and the partners' marijuana use was associated with no prior discussion of sexual risks. The association between participant marijuana use and condom nonuse, and the association between partner marijuana use and no prior discussion of sexual risks, also emerged in multivariate analyses that included the substance use variables and potential covariates. These findings suggest that marijuana use should be addressed in interventions that aim to prevent sexually transmitted diseases and unwanted pregnancies among adolescent detainees.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2002

Risk factors for suicide attempts among African American women experiencing recent intimate partner violence.

The purposes of this study were to identify risk factors for suicide attempts among 200 African American abused women (100 attempters, 100 nonattempters) and to test a cumulative risk model to determine if a woman's likelihood of making a suicide attempt increased as the number of risk factors increased. Results revealed that attempters were significantly more likely than nonattempters to report high levels of depressive symptoms, hopelessness, drug abuse, and childhood abuse and neglect. Results from the cumulative risk model revealed a linear association between the number of risk factors and the odds of making a suicide attempt. Compared to women with no risk factors, women with two risk factors, women with three risk factors, and women with four to five risk factors were 10, 25, and 107 times, respectively, more likely to attempt suicide. The identification of risk variables highlights the importance of designing interventions to address these factors in order to reduce the risk of suicidal behavior in abused, African American women.

Adult↗

PubMed2001

Treatment retention and birth outcomes of crack users enrolled in a substance abuse treatment program for pregnant women.

This study examined characteristics of pregnant crack users that were associated with their retention in a residential treatment program and the outcomes of their pregnancies. The participant characteristics were assessed when the women were admitted to the program, and were related to their demographic status, physical health, psychological functioning, substance use, and pregnancy. In general, the findings point to the importance of early interventions with this population. Implications and limitations of this study, as well as suggestions for future research, are discussed.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2001

Marijuana use and HIV risk among adolescent offenders: the moderating effect of age.

PURPOSE: This study examined gender and age as potential moderators of the association between marijuana use and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) risk among 272 adolescent offenders. METHODS: Analyses were based on biological and self-report measures of both marijuana use and HIV risk. RESULTS: Results revealed that the association between marijuana use and HIV risk was moderated by age but not gender across both biological and self-report measures. Specifically, marijuana use was associated with a higher occurrence of HIV risk among younger but not older adolescent offenders. IMPLICATIONS: These findings provide meaningful information that can be used to guide future research as well as interventions with adolescent offenders.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2001

Sexual abuse victimization and psychological distress among adolescent offenders.

This study focused on sexual abuse victimization and psychological distress among 272 adolescent offenders. The respondents were interviewed while they were being detained in a short-term holding facility. Female respondents reported more sexual abuse victimization and psychological distress than did their male counterparts. Furthermore, church attendance moderated the association between sexual abuse victimization and psychological distress among the male respondents. Implications of these findings for research and interventions with adolescent offenders are discussed.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMed2000

Unprotected sex as a function of alcohol and marijuana use among adolescent detainees.

PURPOSE: To examine the relationship between the use of two substances (alcohol and marijuana) and the occurrence of unprotected sexual intercourse among adolescent detainees. METHODS: Participants were asked about their use of alcohol, marijuana, and condoms. In addition to comparing levels of alcohol and marijuana use, the study examined relationships among the following variables: (a) the number of days that each substance was used and the number of unprotected episodes of sexual intercourse in the 30 days preceding admission to a youth detention center; (b) the number of times that each substance was used before or during sexual intercourse and the number of unprotected episodes in the same time period; (c) the use of each substance and unprotected intercourse at the last sexual episode; and (d) intentions to use each substance in the context of sex and to have unprotected intercourse in the future. Relationships among these variables were assessed in four regression models, each of which included participants' demographic characteristics, AIDS knowledge, attitudes toward condoms, and future orientation as covariates. RESULTS: Results of all four regression models indicated that marijuana use was associated with unprotected sexual intercourse. Adolescents who used more marijuana in general as well as specifically in sexual episodes in the 30 days preceding detention reported higher levels of unprotected sex. In addition, marijuana use in the last episode was related to the occurrence of unprotected sex during that episode. Moreover, intentions to use marijuana in future sexual episodes was associated with intentions to have unprotected intercourse in the future. CONCLUSIONS: Future studies should use more rigorous research designs to clarify the nature of the relationship between marijuana use and risky sex.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2000

Mutual help groups, perceived status benefits, and well-being: a test with adult children of alcoholics with personal substance abuse problems.

A field experiment was conducted to examine the potential effects of mutual help group participation on perceived status benefits, depression, and substance use among adult children of alcoholics (ACOAs) with personal substance abuse problems. Participants were randomly assigned to attend either ACOA-specific mutual help group meetings or substance abuse education classes during the initial month that they were enrolled in a residential treatment program for low-income substance abusers. Analyses were based on assessments made at baseline, a 1-month posttest, and a 6-month follow-up. Results indicated that participation in the mutual help group promoted perceived status benefits, which in turn led to reductions in depression and substance use. These findings have clear implications for consumers of ACOA groups and can inform research on the social psychological underpinnings of different types of mutual help groups.

Adult↗

PubMed2000

Partner violence, social support, and distress among inner-city African American women.

This study examined the role of social support in the partner violence-psychological distress relation in a sample of African American women seeking medical care at a large, urban hospital (n = 138). Results from bivariate correlational analyses revealed that partner violence was related to lower perceived social support and greater psychological distress, and lower social support was related to more distress. Furthermore, findings based on path analysis indicated that low levels of social support helped account for battered women's increased distress. Findings point to the need for service providers to screen for partner violence in nontraditional sites, such as hospital emergency rooms, and to address the role of social support resources in preventive interventions with African American battered women.

Adult↗

PubMed1999

Partner abuse and posttraumatic stress disorder as risk factors for suicide attempts in a sample of low-income, inner-city women.

This study examined partner abuse and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) as risk factors for suicidal behavior among women, and whether or not PTSD mediated the partner abuse-suicidal behavior association. Attempters (n = 119) were approximately three times more likely to be above clinical cut-points for physical partner abuse, nonphysical abuse, and PTSD than nonattempters (n = 85). Physical partner abuse, but not nonphysical partner abuse, was associated with an increased risk for PTSD. Further, PTSD mediated the link between physical partner abuse and suicidality, such that when PTSD was statistically controlled, the association between physical partner abuse and suicide attempt status was reduced to nonsignificance. Implications of findings for interventions for female victims of partner abuse, and women who make nonfatal suicide attempts are discussed.

Adult↗

PubMed1999

Predictors of homelessness among participants in a substance abuse treatment program.

Risk factors for homelessness were examined prospectively among recent participants in a substance abuse treatment program. Low levels of support from friends, greater depression, and recent substance use were bivariately associated with homelessness two months following completion of the program. However, friend support was the only factor associated with homelessness after controlling for other significant bivariate predictors.

Adult↗

PubMed1998

Role of secondary stressors in the parental death-child distress relation.

This study examined the psychological consequences and secondary stressors associated with death of a parent. The sample (N = 116) consisted of 26 youths who had lost a parent to homicide, 45 youths who had lost a parent to natural death, and 45 nonbereaved youths. Youngsters completed face-to-face interviews, while their guardians completed measures assessing the children's functioning. Results based on both child and guardian reports indicated that parental death was associated with an increase in secondary stressors, regardless of the mode of death. Findings based on guardian reports also revealed that parental death was related to increased internalizing distress, and that parental death due to homicide was related to increased externalizing distress. Furthermore, secondary stressors mediated the parental death-child distress relation such that parental death led to an increase in stressors, which in turn led to increased child distress. Implications for secondary and tertiary preventive interventions are discussed.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1998

Psychological symptomatology following parental death in a predominantly minority sample of children and adolescents.

Examined the psychological correlates related to experiencing the death of a parent, the main and interactive effects of sex, race, and age on youth distress and the degree of cross-informant correspondence on the outcome measures. The predominately minority sample included 80 bereaved youth and 45 nonbereaved youth. Youth and their legal guardians completed a battery of questionnaires, including measures assessing the youth's psychological symptomatology. Results revealed that bereaved youth manifested greater psychological and behavior problems than their nonbereaved counterparts on guardian-reported measures (Child Behavior Checklist [CBCL]). The clinical significance of parental death experienced during childhood is indicated by the magnitude of distress exhibited by the bereaved sample; almost one quarter of bereaved youth scored in the clinical distress range (T score > or = 63) on the CBCL Externalizing and Internalizing Distress scales. The effect of parental death on guardian-reported externalizing distress was moderated by race, such that distress levels did not significantly differ between bereaved and nonbereaved minority youth but did differ significantly among bereaved and nonbereaved nonminority youth. Finally, the degree of cross-informant agreement was relatively low but consistent with prior studies. Study implications for interventions with bereaved youth and directions for future research are discussed.

Adaptation, Psychological↗