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Biomedical subjects

J B Kelly

Publications and source records attributed to J B Kelly.

88 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Auditory cortex lesions and discrimination of spatial location by the rat.

Five normal rats and four rats with bilateral lesions of auditory cortex were tested by the conditioned suppression procedure to determine their abilities to discriminate between spatially separated sound sources. The discrimination involved detection of a change in location of a train of clicks from a speaker on the animals' left to a speaker on the right. The separation between speakers was varied from 180 degrees to 90 degrees, 45 degrees, 22 degrees, 12 degrees, 6 degrees, and psychophysical functions were obtained using a method of descending limits. Both normal and brain-damaged animals were capable of discriminating left from right clicks and psychophysical curves were similar for the two groups. Histological analysis indicated that the lesions in each of the four brain-damaged rats destroyed primary auditory cortex as well as surrounding belt areas. Therefore, for the rat, auditory cortex was not found to be essential for discrimination of the spatial locations of auditory stimuli. The results are discussed in light of impairments in sound localization following lesions of auditory cortex in other mammalian species.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1978

Directional responses by kittens to an auditory stimulus.

Six kittens were tested in a 2-choice maze to determine if they would execute directional approach responses to an auditory stimulus. Tests were done at various postnatal ages (4-10, 11-17, 18-24, and 25-31 days) and comparison was made with responses of 5 kittens tested without auditory stimulation. At the earliest ages no evidence was seen for auditory approach responses but by 18-24 days consistent approch responses were found.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1978

Auditory spatial responses of young guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) during and after ear blocking.

Newborn guinea pigs were tested to determine their ability to approach an auditory stimulus early in development. Observations of the behavior of 1-4-day-old animals in a circular eight-choice maze revealed a pronounced tendency to orient toward and approach a tape-recorded signal of guinea pig vocalizations. The occurrence of approach responses was reduced to chance in animals tested with one ear occluded by wax ear plugs which attenuated but did not totally eliminate sound. The effect of monaural ear blocks was more severe than binaural blocks, which reflects the importance of binaural cues in the maintenance of approach responses to sound. In a second study, the ability of older animals, 11-31 days of age, was examined. Directional approach responses to sound were also evident at this age, and ear plugs disrupted performance only under monaural conditions. Furthermore, in animals raised from birth with monaural ear blocks but tested without ear plugs, there was a subsequent disruption of performance for at least 21 days. These results indicate the importance of binaural cues in the development of early auditory spatial responses and suggest the need for appropriate binaural experience for subsequent localization of sounds.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1977

Auditory sensitivity of the albino rat.

The auditory sensitivity of the (Sprague-Dawley strain) albino rat was determined by the conditioned suppression technique. The three animals tested were found to have a range of hearing from 250 Hz to 80 kHz at 70 dB (SPL). They were most sensitive to tones of 8 kHz but were almost as sensitive at 38 kHz. In contrast to previously published data, there was no evidence for a highly specialized tuning of the audiogram to tones in the 30-40 kHz region. In general, the audiogram of this strain of albino rat is quite typical of mammals of the same size and, furthermore, closely approximates the mammalian mean in most essential features.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1976

The effects of parental divorce: experiences of the child in later latency.

This paper discusses the impact of divorce on 31 children in later latency, as observed shortly after the initial parental separation and one year later. The material is part of an on-going clinical study, begun in 1970, of 131 children and adolescents from 60 divorcing families in Northern California.

Achievement↗
PubMed1976

The effects of parental divorce: experiences of the child in early latency.

This paper discusses the impact of divorce on 26 children in early latency, as observed shortly after the initial parental separation and one year later. The material is part of a larger clinical study, begun in 1970, of 131 children and adolescents from 60 divorcing families.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of continuous noise maskers on tone-evoked potentials in cat primary auditory cortex.

In nine barbiturate-anesthetized cats, cortical evoked potentials for tones presented to the contralateral ear were studied for the effects of continuous wideband noise masking. In five animals, input-output functions for tones were obtained in the presence of continuous noise masking at the same ear. Tone thresholds were raised by the presence of the masker, and they closely tracked the level of the masker, such that increments in masker level brought about tone threshold elevations of the same magnitude. In four animals, we compared the effect on responses to contralateral tones of continuous maskers presented to the same ear as the tone, to the opposite ear, and to both ears simultaneously. The presence of the masker at the ear opposite the tone had a small and variable effect on the response to the stimulus at the ear with the tone, whether or not noise was also present at that ear. Consideration of extant single-neuron evidence provides an interpretation of these findings. Whereas maskers at the ear with the tone are known to reduce signal sensitivity for almost all cortical neurons, the effects of masking at the ear opposite the tone (ipsilateral to the cortex) are likely to be very heterogeneous. It is likely that the perceptual salience of signals that have different binaural configurations to concurrent maskers resides in which neuronal elements are activated, rather than in the total number of cells excited, and it is perhaps for this reason that the evoked potentials show only modest effects of this masking parameter.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Computers in oncology nursing: present use and future potential.

Computers assist oncology nurses in their roles as "care integrators" and caregivers. Computers assist nurses in their care integrator role by supporting communication with ancillary departments and by aiding in the collection, organization, and storage of data. Computers helps nurses in their role as caregivers through automated care planning, discharge planning, and patient monitoring and by tracking patients' educational, therapeutic, comfort, or other needs. Using computers, nurses can document their assessments and interventions and patient outcomes while receiving cues and reminders about policies, procedures, and standards of care. In the future, oncology nurses can expect to see computer technology in more hospitals and a host of new developments, such as more intelligent systems, nursing and medical knowledge on-line, documentation at the bedside, and use of patient data bases in education and research.

Clinical Nursing Research↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Bedside terminals and quality of nursing documentation.

In this article, the authors report on part one of a three-part investigation studying the impact of bedside terminals at New York University Medical Center, New York, NY. Using a before-after parallel control-group design, the quality of computerized nursing documentation was studied before and after adding computers to patient rooms. The quality of documentation was defined by timeliness and completeness of data. The study hypothesis, which predicted a positive relationship between the presence of bedside terminals and the quality of nursing documentation, was not supported. Study results showed a minimal use of the computer terminals located in patient rooms. A surprising result was the use of terminals located in rooms other than that of the patient for which documentation was made.

Computer Terminals↗