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Biomedical subjects

J B Jackson

Publications and source records attributed to J B Jackson.

189 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1968

Bivalves: spatial and size-frequency distributions of 2 intertidal species.

Individuals of Mulinia lateralis are randomly distributed over a homogeneous area (0.25 square meter) of a mudflat. Second-year individuals of Gemma gemma also are randomly distributed, but its total population is aggregated because of its ovoviviparous habit. As expected for two species having different life histories, their size-frequency distributions are very different, the indication being that the nature of a size-frequency curve may not be a reliable index of the degree of transport or integrity of a fossil assemblage.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Relation of vitamin A and carotenoid status to growth failure and mortality among Ugandan infants with human immunodeficiency virus.

Although growth failure is common during pediatric infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and associated with increased mortality, the relation of specific nutrition factors with growth and mortality has not been well characterized. A longitudinal study was conducted with 194 HIV-infected infants in Kampala, Uganda. Plasma vitamin A, carotenoids (alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, beta-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, and lutein/zeaxanthin), and vitamin E were measured at age 14 wk, and weight and height were followed up to age 12 mo. Vitamin A and low plasma carotenoid concentrations were predictive of decreased weight and height velocity. Between ages 14 wk and 12 mo, 32% of infants died. Underweight, stunting, and low concentrations of plasma carotenoids were associated with increased risk of death in univariate analyses. Plasma vitamin A concentrations were not associated with risk of death. In a final multivariate model adjusting for weight-for-age, plasma beta-carotene was significantly associated with increased mortality (odds ratio: 3.16, 95% confidence interval: 1.38 to 7.21, P < 0.006). These data suggest that low concentrations of plasma carotenoids are associated with increased risk of death during HIV infection among infants in Uganda.

Body Height↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Prevalence of cytomegalovirus antibody in hemophiliacs and homosexuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1.

We determined the prevalence of antibody to cytomegalovirus (CMV) in the sera of non-homosexual hemophilia patients and homosexual men infected with the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). CMV antibody testing by latex agglutination revealed 33 of 58 HIV-1 infected hemophiliacs (57%) were antibody-positive compared with 54 of 54 HIV-1 infected asymptomatic non-hemophiliac homosexuals (100%) (p less than .001). Nine of 15 hemophiliacs (60%) with symptomatic HIV-1 infection were CMV antibody-positive. We also tested 22 HIV-1 antibody-negative hemophiliacs who had received non-heat treated factor concentrates. 14 of these 22 (64%) were CMV antibody-positive compared with 57% of HIV-1 antibody-positive hemophiliacs. We conclude 1) there is little correlation between transmission of HIV-1 and CMV by factor concentrates, 2) the presence of CMV antibody does not appear to be associated with clinical stage of HIV-1 infection in hemophiliacs, and 3) there may be a significant number of CMV antibody-negative hemophiliacs with HIV-1 infection at risk for primary infection and subsequent disease if CMV seronegative blood products are not provided for future transfusions.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Absence of HIV-1 infection in antibody-negative sexual partners of HIV-1 infected hemophiliacs.

In order to confirm the presence and determine the frequency of human immunodeficiency virus, type 1 (HIV-1) infection prior to antibody production, 23 healthy women with histories of repeated unprotected sexual exposure to HIV-1 infected hemophiliacs were tested for evidence of HIV-1 infection. Female subjects were tested for HIV-1 antibody (enzyme immunoassay [EIA] and Western blot), HIV-1 serum antigen, HIV-1 DNA gag sequences by the polymerase chain reaction, and HIV-1 virus isolation from peripheral mononuclear cells. Twenty-two of 23 (96%) women were negative by all HIV-1 assays. One woman was positive by all the HIV-1 assays including an EIA screening test for HIV-1 antibody. These preliminary results suggest that the frequency of HIV-1 infection in antibody-negative sexual partners of HIV-1 infected individuals is probably very low.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗