For the year 1975, we examined 12,848 blood specimens using the type and screen as well as the crossmatch and detected 283 antibodies in 247 patients. Our screening reagent red blood cells were able to detect 96.11 per cent of these antibodies. If the antigen frequencies corresponding to those antibodies not detectable by our screening reagent red blood cells are taken into consideration. i.e., the incompatibility frequencies, the type and screen can be shown to be 99.99 per cent effective in preventing the transfusion of incompatible blood. Therefore, we believe that the type and screen may be safey substituted for the routine two-unit crossmatch in those operative procedures usually not requiring transfusions. Adoption of this approach would reduce patient charges, provide for more efficient distribution of our limited blood supplies, and allow for more effective utilization of blood-bank technologist time.

ABO Blood-Group System↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Adult outpatient transfusion clinic in a hospital-based blood bank.

Eighty-one patients have been followed in our ambulatory transfusion clinic for a total of 176 patient visits. They received phlebotomies, plasmapheresis, and transfusions of erythrocytes and platelets. Minor reactions (febrile reactions, transient hypotension, and urticaria) occurred in only six patients. The advantages of a transfusion service conducted by blood bank professional and technical staff are numerous. The nurse/patient ratio is low enough so that the patient can receive individualized attention including virtually constant vigilance. The laboratory staff and pathologist become familiar with the therapeutic management of patients who may potentially place great stress on the laboratory. The transfusion clinic also provides an opportunity for the pathologist to gain further experience and to train others as transfusion therapists, a role which he is often asked to assume when a transfusion reaction occurs. The gain for the outpatient clinic and emergency room is that they can function more efficiently when more rooms are available for patients who have a faster turnover time.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Abbreviated major crossmatch.

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Blood Group Antigens↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Analysis of paternity. The use of HLA and red cell antigens.

Over a 6-year period, 866 cases were analyzed for disputed parentage. In 194 cases (22%), the alleged father was excluded as the biological father. One hundred and eight-one cases (93%) were direct exclusions, and 13 cases (7%) were indirect exclusions. Ninety-two percent of falsely accused men were identified by typing for HLA antigens alone. Exclusions based solely on red cell data occurred in 8 percent of the cases. When only HLA testing was performed, 177 of 362 (43%) cases had a probability of paternity of greater than or equal to 95 percent. When both HLA and red cell typings were performed, 110 of 160 (69%) cases had a probability of paternity of greater than or equal to 95 percent. No significant differences in the proportion of exclusions or proportion of alleged fathers with a probability of paternity of greater than or equal to 95 percent were observed between Caucasians or blacks. We conclude that typing for HLA antigens provides the most powerful data for excluding or including an alleged father. However, typing for red cell antigens adds significant data in excluding a falsely accused man and in determining the probability of paternity at a critical level (greater than or equal to 95%). In addition, the current study suggests that additional assays are needed to identify genetic characteristics of cases with probability of paternity less than 95 percent.

Blood Group Antigens↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Hemagglutinin detection: evaluation of simplified enzyme techniques.

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Clinical Enzyme Tests↗