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Biomedical subjects

J B Hannah

Publications and source records attributed to J B Hannah.

12 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1988

Mycobacterium avium complex infection in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. A clinicopathologic study.

Despite the recognition of Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infection as a common complication of AIDS, the specific clinical features, significance, and need for treatment have been difficult to assess. We reviewed the clinical records and autopsy material of 68 patients dying with AIDS, 32 (47 percent) of whom had MAC isolated from autopsy tissue. All had postmortem evidence of systemic infection. Eleven (34 percent) had MAC isolated from lung tissue. Little, if any, local tissue inflammation and destruction were associated with MAC infection. Patients with autopsy evidence of MAC infection had a longer time interval from diagnosis of AIDS to death. The infection was detected antemortem in 14 (44 percent), blood culture being the most sensitive means (86 percent yield). Although recurrent fever was noted among both MAC infected and uninfected patients, weight loss greater than 20 lb, weakness, anorexia, abdominal pain, and diarrhea were more frequent among infected patients. Severe anemia, thrombocytopenia, lymphopenia, and reduced mean CD-4 percentages and CD-4/CD-8 ratios were associated with MAC infection. Of eight patients who had MAC cultured antemortem and received multidrug antituberculosis therapy, none responded clinically, and all but one had MAC isolated at autopsy. Because MAC is associated with significant discomfort and disability, development of more effective treatment regimens could be beneficial for some affected AIDS patients.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1988

Pulmonary disease at autopsy in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

To characterize the postmortem pulmonary disease and analyze the effectiveness of antemortem diagnosis, we examined the clinical records and autopsy material from 54 patients who died of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. At autopsy, all patients had pulmonary disease. One or more specific diagnoses were made in 53, including opportunistic infection, nonopportunistic infection, and Kaposi's sarcoma. Multiple postmortem pulmonary diagnoses were established in 37. Respiratory failure was the most common cause of death. Of the 97 pulmonary disorders discovered at autopsy, only 31 were diagnosed before death. The frequency with which infections were diagnosed during life varied according to the organism, and was significantly higher for Pneumocystis carinii than for cytomegalovirus or bacterial agents. Pulmonary Kaposi's sarcoma was diagnosed in only 7% of patients with autopsy documentation. The yield of diagnostic procedures also varied according to the disease present. Sputum culture was relatively effective in detecting Cryptococcus neoformans and Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare, fiber-optic bronchoscopy was extremely useful for diagnosing P Carinii, and one or more diagnoses were provided in 4 of 7 patients who underwent thoracotomy, but significant disease including cytomegalovirus infection and pulmonary Kaposi's sarcoma was frequently missed. Although the spectrum of lung disease found at autopsy is similar to that observed during life, the frequency of some pathologic processes including cytomegalovirus infection and Kaposi's sarcoma may be underrepresented in antemortem series.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1987

Cytological grading of prostatic aspiration biopsy: a comparison with the Gleason grading system.

Cytological grade determined by fine needle aspiration of the prostate was compared to histological grade in 30 patients undergoing subsequent radical prostatectomy. The degree of cytological pleomorphism determined by the consensus grade of 3 observers predicted correctly the Gleason grade sum range in 80 per cent of the cases. The cytological grade was reasonably reproducible with agreement among all 3 observers in 50 per cent of the cases and between 2 of 3 observers in the remainder. The accuracy of predicting the Gleason grade sum of the radical prostatectomy specimen by cytological examination compared favorably with that achieved by histological examination of cutting needle biopsy and transurethral resection specimens reported in the literature.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1987

Ocular pathologic findings in neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy.

Ocular pathology in a case of neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) showed marked degeneration of photoreceptor cells throughout the retina including the macula. Macroscopically visible white opacities in the cortical vitreous of the posterior fundus were shown immunohistochemically and ultrastructurally to be macrophages containing bileaflet inclusions, a finding previously unreported. Additional findings included extensive loss of the retinal nerve fiber and ganglion cell layers, optic nerve degeneration, and bileaflet inclusions in retinal pigment epithelial cells and macrophages of the retina and optic nerve. Focal retinal pigmentary changes were observed that histologically were different from retinitis pigmentosa.

Adrenoleukodystrophy↗
PubMed1987

Extracellular hyaline bodies are basement membrane accumulations.

Diverse hyaline bodies occurring in various diseases were investigated immunocytochemically with antibodies to type IV collagen and laminin. These hyaline bodies included those found predominantly extracellularly in adenoid cystic carcinomas, endodermal sinus tumors, Spitz nevi, lichen planus, diabetic glomerular nodular sclerosis, and odontogenic cysts, and those found predominantly intracellularly in alcoholic liver disease, Kaposi's sarcoma, and malignant fibrous histiocytoma. The hyaline bodies found in the first six diseases displayed intense immunoreactivity for the basement membrane components, type IV collagen, and laminin, whereas the hyaline bodies occurring in the latter three diseases were unreactive. These findings suggest that a common histogenesis of the extracellular hyaline body is the stimulatory effect of an altered growth state (hyperplasia, neoplasia, or endocrinopathy) on basement membrane synthesis in cells that normally produce a basement membrane.

Basement Membrane↗
PubMed1985

Immunoperoxidase study of lymphomas. Comparison of a one-step frozen section technic with indirect methods on paraffin sections.

Fifty cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (15 nodular and 35 diffuse) were studied to determine the sensitivity, specificity, and ease of several different immunoperoxidase methods. The methods included a rapid, simple one-step immunoperoxidase procedure on frozen sections compared with indirect immunoperoxidase technics on paraffin sections. The frozen-section immunoperoxidase technic stained 15 of 15 nodular lymphomas and 24 of 35 diffuse lymphomas for monoclonal light chain. The majority of the diffuse lymphomas that did not stain for light chains were morphologically and immunohistochemically consistent with T-cell lymphomas. The indirect method on B-5 and formalin-fixed tissues only rarely displayed monoclonal staining for nonplasmacytoid small cell lymphomas but did stain some large cell lymphomas and a majority of plasmacytoid lymphomas for monoclonal light chain. The frozen section technic presented in this report is sufficiently sensitive and reliable to detect immunoglobulins in any morphologic subtype of B-cell lymphoma, whereas paraffin-embedded tissues have only limited application.

Avidin↗
PubMed1982

Effects of benzo(a)pyrene on early development of flatfish.

The ontogenetic effects of the environmental carcinogen benzo(a)pyrene (BAP) on three species of larval flatfish were investigated using concentrations (from 0.10 to 4.2 ppb) which were comparable to levels found in polluted harbors. BAP-treated sand sole (Psettichthys melanostichus) eggs displayed a significant decline in hatching success and a significantly higher incidence of developmental anomalies than did control eggs. Flathead sole (Hippoglossoides elassodon) eggs exposed to a single dose of a water-soluble BAP-bovine serum albumin complex demonstrated evidence of toxic injury with pycnotic nuclei present in the integument and, more commonly, in ocular and neural tissues. An increased incidence of morphological anomalies in English sole (Parophyrs vetulus) eggs and larvae exposed to BAP was not detected.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Uptake of benzo[a]pyrene by gonadal tissue of flatfish (family Pleuronectidae) and its effects on subsequent egg development.

Accumulation of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) by sexually mature flatfish gonad, its transfer to developing gametes, and its subsequent effects on developing embryos were studied. Thin-layer chromatography revealed both unmetabolized BaP and polar metabolites in the ovary, wolffian ducts, oocytes, and semen of English sole 24 h after ip injection with 200 microCi [3H]BaP. Concentrations of BaP and its metabolites were 3-11 times higher in oocytes and semen than in gonadal tissue. Fertilized eggs from flathead sole that had been fed 4.0 mg BaP 5 h before spawning demonstrated a significantly lower (p less than 0.001) hatching success (11.9%) than eggs from control fish (56.6%). Morphological abnormalities were found in only 1.6% of control embryos but in 5.6% of embryos from treated females.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Post-infectious encephalopathy simulating functional psychosis.

Three cases of post-infectious encephalopathy are presented in which behaviour changes occurred in the absence of neurological abnormality during convalescence from an influenza-like illness. The symptoms included aggresive behaviour, sleep reversal, sexual disinbition and a catatonic schizophrenia-like state. The prognosis was good.

Adolescent↗