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Biomedical subjects

J B Gouyon

Publications and source records attributed to J B Gouyon.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Renal effects of theophylline and caffeine in newborn rabbits.

Renal hemodynamics and functions were assessed in four groups of anaesthetized newborn rabbits receiving a single intravenous dose of methylxanthines, i.e.: aminophylline: 3 mg/kg (A1) or 6 mg/kg (A2); sodium benzoate caffeine: 5 mg/kg (C1) or 10 mg/kg (C2). Each animal acted as its own control. The mean PAH extraction ratio was not modified by the methylxanthines. Renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate were determined by clearances of para-aminohippuric acid and inulin, respectively. No changes in renal hemodynamics or renal functions were observed in group C1. In group C2, renal blood flow and filtration fraction did not vary significantly but renal vascular resistance showed a delayed increase. Systemic infusion of the two aminophylline regimens induced a delayed increase in renal vascular resistance with a concomitant fall in renal blood flow and an increase of filtration fraction in group A2. Glomerular filtration rate was either reduced (3 mg/kg aminophylline) or increased (6 mg/kg aminophylline and 10 mg/kg caffeine). Moreover, diuresis increased and tubular water reabsorption declined in groups A1, A2, and C2. High dose caffeine enhanced sodium fractional excretion. The acute renal effects of methylxanthines appeared dose- and time-related in immature animals and caffeine proved safer than aminophylline at doses used in human neonates.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[Post-crisis elevation of adrenocorticotropic hormone and prolactin in epileptic children].

In six children, aged from 8 to 12 years, presenting with primary generalized epilepsy a significant rise in plasma ACTH and prolactin levels (as compared with levels measured 5 days later) was observed either during a generalized seizure demonstrated by EEG (3 cases) or within 1 hour of a generalized seizure (3 cases). The neurophysiological basis for these post-epileptic endocrine disturbances is a sudden depression of dopaminergic and GABA-ergic pathways. As a result, these endocrine changes, already well documented in adults, may be regarded as a good biological marker of the epileptic origin of a paroxysmal attack.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1986

[Renal hyperechogenicity associated with an obstructive urologic disease in the newborn infant. A case].

A newborn infant exhibited bilateral hydronephrosis induced by uretero-pelvic junction syndrome (U.J.S.), pathological renal hyperechogenicity, and renal dysplasia at histology. Renal hyperechogenicity rapidly improved after curative surgery of the U.J.S. and therefore could not relate to dysplasia which is irreversible. The diagnostic value of renal hyperechogenicity is discussed.

Female↗
PubMed1986

A case of progressive familial encephalopathy in infancy with calcification of the basal ganglia and chronic cerebrospinal fluid lymphocytosis.

The authors report the ninth case of progressive familial encephalopathy in infancy, with calcification of the basal ganglia and chronic cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) lymphocytosis, as recently described by Aicardi and Goutieres. The encephalopathy appears during the first year of life with bilateral spasticity, continuing microcephaly, abnormal eye movements, and a rapid course toward a behavioral vegetative state. In every case, there is a mild lymphocytosis in the CSF and brain atrophy with calcification of the lenticular nuclei. No evidence of an infectious disease has been discovered. This syndrome constitutes a distinct type of leukodystrophy, transmitted as an autosomal recessive trait. Our case is a reminder that the presence of CSF lymphocytosis in infants, with encephalopathy and calcification of the lenticular nuclei, may be due to genetic degenerative encephalopathy.

Atrophy↗
PubMed1986

Drugs and acute renal insufficiency in the neonate.

Oliguria in the neonate usually reflects a fall in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) secondary to prerenal disturbances such as hypovolemia, hypotension, hypoxemia and cardiac failure, or to vasoactive drugs such as indomethacin and tolazoline. The action of such drugs on renal function is reviewed, as well as the pharmacological measures that can be tried to prevent or blunt their renal side effects. The efficacy and side effects of dopamine, furosemide and mannitol, frequently used in oliguric states due to either prerenal disturbances or to vasoactive drugs, are discussed. It is concluded that available data in newborn infants do not definitely prove the efficacy of dopamine and furosemide in preventing acute renal insufficiency and that, in neonates with established oliguria, administration of mannitol, dopamine and/or furosemide can be tried, with little hope, however, of markedly improving GFR.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[A Parisian case of congenital malaria].

A case of symptomatic congenital malaria (Plasmodium vivax) was diagnosed and treated in a 3 week-old girl in Paris. This led to discuss the characteristics of transplacental contamination and symptomatology of congenital malaria and the methods for diagnosis and treatment of this very rare disease.

Chloroquine↗
PubMed1986

[Respiratory syncytial virus infections in newborn infants].

Twenty-three of 23 neonates were contaminated in the course of an outbreak of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in a neonatal care unit. Symptoms among 22 infected symptomatic infants included rhinitis (n = 21), dyspnea (n = 19), cough (n = 17), apnea (n = 5), seizures (n = 3), fever (n = 3). Five patients presented with severe respiratory distress. The occurrence of non-obstructive apnea was significantly correlated with a history of respiratory disease, RSV infection during the first 15 days of life and the severity of lower respiratory tract RSV infection.

Cross Infection↗
PubMed1986

Frequency of gastroesophageal reflux in neonates as assessed by 24-hour pH monitoring.

The purpose of the present study was to determine the frequency and the other characteristics of gastroesophageal reflux (GER) in 46 asymptomatic neonates during the first weeks of life. The GER were assessed by 24-hour continuous esophageal pH monitoring (CPR). The frequency of all the GER was 0.66 +/- 0.54/h (0 to 2.21). Half of the GER were determined as acid (pH less than 4 during at least 15 sec), 23% as highly acid (pH less than 3 during at least 15 sec), 39% as weakly acid (abrupt fall of the pH higher than 1 unit pH), and 11% as non acid (abrupt increase of pH higher than 1 unit pH). According to these results, a CPR should be considered as pathologic in neonates when the following criteria are fulfilled (upper limits fixed at means + 2 S.D.): 1. frequency of acid GER longer than 5 min above 0.35/h; 2. time ratio at pH below 4 exceeding 10.4%; or 3. frequency of very acid GER greater than 0.53/h.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1986

[Weight indices during the first 18 months of life in low birthweight infants].

A prospective study was carried out among 190 low birthweight neonates (less than 2,500 g) in order to assess their ratio of total body fat by 2 adiposity indices: Weight/Height3 (W/H3) at birth and Weight/Height2 (W/H2) subsequently. Adequate for gestational age (AGA) girls with weight indices (W/H3) above the 10th percentile (AGA/I+) had a lower height than AGA/I- girls on the 6th (p less than 0.01) and 9th (p less than 0.05) months of corrected chronological ages. Mean weight and height of small for gestational age (SGA) neonates with weight indices (W/H3) lower than the 10th percentile (SGA/I-) were similar to the SGA/I+ as soon as 3 months of corrected chronological age. SGA/I+ infants experienced a progressive increase in low weight indices (W/H2) until 15-18 months without significant differences with SGA/I- at 3, 6, 9 months of corrected chronological age. Meanwhile, low indices (W/H2) were more frequently observed in SGA/I- at 15-18 months. Thus the early characteristics in weight indices disclose a lower ratio of body fat in SGA infants than in normal children, at least up to age 15-18 months.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1985

[Fosfomycin-cefotaxime combination in severe staphylococcal infections in newborn infants].

Clinical and bacteriological effectiveness of the fosfomycin-cefotaxime combination is reported in four cases of serious staphylococcal infections in neonates (1 meningitis, 2 osteomyelitis, 1 superinfection of congenital varicella). Owing to the strong synergistic effect of this combination on methicillin-resistant staphylococcal strains, the authors suggest that the fosfomycin-cefotaxime combination should be considered for anti-staphylococcal therapy in neonates with deep tissue and/or methicillin-resistant infections.

Cefotaxime↗
PubMed1985

Outbreak of respiratory syncytial virus in France.

A report is given of an outbreak of respiratory syncytial virus infection in a neonatal unit in France. Twenty-three of 32 infants were infected (72%) despite infection control procedures. Prophylactic administration of non-specific gamma globulins was associated with a significant decrease in infection rate (p less than 0.05). The administration of transfer factor to infected infants was also associated with a significantly lower rate of severe respiratory diseases (p less than 0.05).

Disease Outbreaks↗