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Biomedical subjects

J B Dilawari

Publications and source records attributed to J B Dilawari.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Common aetiological agent for epidemic and sporadic non-A, non-B hepatitis.

Enterovirus-like particles have been reported in the acute phase of both epidemic and sporadic non-A, non-B (NANB) hepatitis. To examine whether these particles were the causative agent in the two types of disease, 29 patients with acute viral hepatitis in a north Indian epidemic outbreak and 9 with sporadic acute disease were investigated. 25 (86%) of 29 patients with epidemic hepatitis and 5 (56%) of 9 with sporadic disease were diagnosed as having enterically-transmitted-NANB hepatitis by exclusion. Virus-like particles (VLP) of 30-34 nm were detected in stool of 1 patient with epidemic and 1 with sporadic hepatitis. The VLPs crossreacted serologically and a specific IgM response was seen in acute epidemic and sporadic serum samples. After inoculation with infected stool rhesus monkeys had a mild rise in liver enzymes, and bile samples contained VLPs. These results suggest that the aetiological agent in epidemic and sporadic disease is the same.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Intracellular cAMP determines the extent of degradation and not the synthesis of collagen by rat hepatocytes.

Intracellular collagen degradation in normal rat hepatocytes was exponentially stimulated by db-cAMP (10-100 microM). The effect was manifested as a decrease (p less than 0.01) in net collagen production. The extent of degradation directly co-related with the intracellular cAMP levels, only up to a threshold concentration (16.2 +/- 1.3 p moles/10(6) cells) elicited by 100 microM of db-cAMP. Higher concentrations induced no further increment. Forskolin adenylate cyclase activator (10-50 microM), produced similar effects demonstrating cAMP dependence of the phenomenon. Both db-cAMP as well as Forskolin stimulated collagen degradation (p less than 0.05) in hepatocytes from rats administered CCL4. However, the extent of stimulation was significantly (p less than 0.01) less compared to that observed in normal hepatocytes. Our data demonstrates that elevated cAMP levels regulate net collagen content by signalling intracellular collagen degradation and not synthesis.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Pseudosclerosing cholangitis in extrahepatic portal venous obstruction.

Biliary changes secondary to portal hypertension have rarely been described in published reports. Twenty consecutive patients with extrahepatic portal venous obstruction, all of whom showed a variable degree of abnormalities in the biliary tract suggestive of sclerosing cholangitis, are described. These biliary abnormalities were: focal narrowing, dilatations, and cholangitic changes affecting the main bile ducts and hepatic ducts. The left hepatic duct and its branches were affected in all patients. Only one patient had clinical or biochemical evidence of cholestasis. The mechanism of these abnormalities in the biliary tract of these patients is perhaps the development of portal collaterals.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Serological responses to hepatitis B virus infection in multi-transfused thalassemic children.

One hundred children with beta-thalassemia major were studied prospectively. A one time analysis of serum samples was carried out for a battery of hepatitis B viral markers viz., HBsAg, anti-HBs and anti-HBc. Seven mutually different serological patterns were observed. The commonest profile seen in 49 patients was a combined seropositivity for anti-HBc and anti-HBs indicating past HBV infection with persisting immunity. Definite evidence of active HBV infection (seropositivity for HBsAg and/or HBeAg) was demonstrated in 10 cases, six of these were HBsAg positive. Anti-HBc positivity alone was detected in 17 patients. The remaining 24 children were seropositive for anti-HBs alone suggesting a possible passive transmission of anti-HBs through blood transfusion.

Blood Transfusion↗
PubMed1991

Collagen-stimulated superoxide production: evidence for coupled mobilization of calcium.

Superoxide production by human neutrophils was stimulated by rat liver collagen. The stimulation was exponentially related to the collagen concentration, with maximal effect at 150 micrograms/ml. The collagen-induced effect was significantly enhanced by the presence of Ca2+ in the medium. Verapamil--a calcium channel blocker--caused a dose-dependent inhibition of superoxide production by collagen-stimulated neutrophils. Collagen-induced stimulation was associated with a transient rise in cytosolic free Ca2+ independent of the presence of Ca2+ in the medium. Depletion of intracellular calcium caused a significant decrease in superoxide activity; however, replenishment of Ca2+ in the medium significantly overcame the inhibition. These changes were associated with a direct binding of [14C]collagen with the neutrophils. Our data suggest that collagen-neutrophil interaction couples superoxide production with the process of Ca2+ mobilization and that this interaction may play a physiologic role in neutrophil stimulation.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Familial idiopathic granulomatosis: sarcoidosis and Crohn's disease in two Indian families.

The coexistence of sarcoidosis and Crohn's disease in different members of the same family is rare and only two instances are on record. Two Indian families showing this association have been studied. In one a brother and sister are affected, and in the other seven and possibly eight persons in two generations have been affected. The familial occurrence of both these conditions supports the view that a transmissible agent may be concerned in the genesis of both diseases in genetically susceptible individuals.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Phagocytic capacity of Kupffer cells during hepatic amoebiasis in guinea pigs.

Very few studies have been carried out on the role of liver macrophages (Kupffer cells) during the course of hepatic amoebiasis. The kinetics of phagocytic activity of Kupffer cells and blood monocytes was studied in guinea pigs intra-mesenterically infested with Entamoeba histolytica. The phagocytic capacity of blood monocytes of normal animals was comparatively lower than Kupffer cells for both latex and haemolysin coated sheep red blood cells. Significant decline in phagocytic response of Kupffer cells and blood monocytes of infected animals was observed right from 2nd post infection day and it kept on decreasing with the progress of infection. Depression in phagocytic response of Kupffer cells and blood monocytes was more marked in those animals who had higher grades of pathological lesions. Hence, an inverse correlation was obtained between the phagocytic capacity and severity of amoebic lesions (P less than 0.01). The significance of depression in phagocytic response of Kupffer cells and blood monocytes may be responsible for the development of hepatic lesions.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Epidemiological study of parasitic infestations in lower socio-economic group in Chandigarh (north India).

When stool samples from 970 subjects belonging to lower socio-economic groups were examined for parasites, a total of 121 subjects (12.5%) i.e., 57 (12.1%) males and 64 (12.9%) females showed positive results. The overall prevalence of parasitic infestation did not correlate with sex, caste or religion and living conditions. However, the prevalence was higher in hospital employees residing in well sanitated area. Giardia lamblia (69.5%), Entamoeba, histolytica (15.7%), Hymenolepis nana (12.4%), Ancylostoma duodenale (10.7%), Ascaris lumbricoides (8.3%) and Taenia (0.8%) were the parasites seen. Mixed infections were seen in 9 subjects. Twenty families of the 196 studied had more than one family member positive for parasites. Asymptomatic positivity was high amongst all groups of subjects, and with all parasites.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Postcholecystectomy syndrome in northern India--study on the diagnostic and therapeutic role of ERCP.

One hundred and twenty two patients with postcholecystectomy syndrome were studied by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). The procedure was successful in 105 patients (85.3%) and it accurately detected abnormality of the pancreatico-biliary system in 71 patients (67.6%). ERCP results were abnormal in 82.6% of patients with biliary symptoms, with or without jaundice, compared with 34.7% of patients with non-biliary symptoms (P less than 0.001). Though ERCP showed abnormality in all patients with biliary symptoms and jaundice, as many as 70.4% of patients without jaundice had abnormal ERCP. The commonest abnormality was retained/recurrent stones (37/105 patients). Patients with biliary strictures presented significantly more often with jaundice compared with patients with biliary stones (74.3% vs 22.3%). In 19 of the 37 patients with retained biliary stones endoscopic sphincterotomy was performed and it was successful in 16 patients (84.2%). Our data indicates that ERCP detects the anatomical level as well as the nature of lesion accurately, and is essential and safe in the diagnosis and management of patients with postcholecystectomy syndrome.

Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde↗
PubMed1990

Sclerotherapy in extrahepatic portal venous obstruction.

One hundred and twenty two patients who presented with variceal bleeding as a result of extrahepatic portal vein obstruction (EHPO) were entered into the sclerotherapy programme with a mean follow up of 23.69 months (range four to 60 months). Eighteen (14.7%) patients were lost to follow up, three (2.4%) patients underwent surgery, and six (4.9%) patients died. Variceal obliteration was achieved in the remaining 95 patients requiring 5.4 (2.4) sessions of sclerotherapy (range 2-18). Seventeen episodes of upper gastrointestinal bleed occurred in 15 patients during sclerotherapy. Recurrence of oesophageal varices was seen in 15 patients. Ten patients developed bulbous gastric varices after obliteration. Major complications including perforation and strictures were seen more commonly in children. Sclerotherapy was associated with a significant reduction in the bleeding rate (bleeds/month/patient) as compared with the presclerotherapy period (p less than 0.001). Endoscopic sclerotherapy is an effective and safe modality in the prevention of variceal bleeds in patients with extrahepatic portal vein obstruction.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Course and prognosis of ulcerative colitis.

A study of 50 patients (23 males and 27 females) of ulcerative colitis, who were on follow-up showed that maximum number of patients had the disease before the age of 50 years. At the onset, the activity of the disease was severe in 44%, moderate in 32% and mild in 24% of cases. The commonest clinical course of the disease was chronic intermittent type (48%), followed by single attack with subsequent remission (42%). Chronic continuous type was seen in 10% patients only. There was no correlation of the extent of the bowel involvement with the clinical course. The precipitating factors for the onset or reactivation of the disease appeared to be emotional disturbances in 18% and pregnancy in 8%. The complications, both local and systemic, were not frequent. Serious complications like massive haemorrhage, perforation, toxic megacolon and carcinoma colon were not seen at all.

Colitis, Ulcerative↗
PubMed1990

Mechanism of tissue damage through free oxygen radicals during hepatic amoebiasis in guinea pigs.

The capacity of Kupffer cells and blood monocytes to release free oxygen radicals was studied by chemiluminescence (CL) response during hepatic amebiasis in guinea pigs. Guinea pigs infected with Entamoeba histolytica intramesenterically were sacrificed on days 0, 2, 5 and 8 post-infection. Hepatic lesions were graded I-IV. A significant increase in the CL response was observed from day 2 post-infection and it increased with the progress of infection. Maximum increase was observed on the 8th post infection day. Animals with grade III or IV hepatic lesions had significantly elevated CL response. The degree of hepatic lesions correlated well with the CL response (P less than 0.01). It is postulated that tissue damage during hepatic amoebiasis may be mediated through enhanced release of free oxygen radicals by Kupffer cells and blood monocyte.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Splenoportovenography in portal hypertension: a safe outpatient procedure.

Splenoportovenography (SPV) was performed as an outpatient procedure in 172 patients to investigate portal hypertension. Careful technique and proper patient selection were responsible for the high success rate (95.3%) and the low complication rate (7.0%). We conclude that SPV done as an outpatient procedure is safe in expert hands and is economical.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Studies in sclerotherapy: I. Comparison of sodium tetradecyl sulphate (STS) with absolute alcohol (AA) as sclerosants in the treatment of esophageal varices.

To compare the efficacy of 3% sodium tetradecyl sulphate (STS) with absolute alcohol (AA), we randomly assigned 52 patients with portal hypertension to one of the two sclerosants. Obliteration of esophageal varices was seen with an almost similar number of sessions (5.2 +/- 1.8 with STS and 4.7 +/- 1.5 with AA). Esophageal ulceration was more common with STS, while severe retrosternal pain was seen only with absolute alcohol. However, there was no statistical significance to these differences. The study suggests that absolute alcohol might be a suitable alternative to STS.

Esophageal and Gastric Varices↗