Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

J B Anderson

Publications and source records attributed to J B Anderson.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Restriction fragment length polymorphisms in the mushrooms Agaricus brunnescens and Agaricus bitorquis.

Two Agaricus species, A. brunnescens (a commercial mushroom) and A. bitorquis (a wild, edible species), were examined for restriction fragment length polymorphisms. EcoRI-digested nuclear DNA from isolates of both species were cloned in plasmid vector pUC18. Ten random recombinant clones were used in Southern DNA-DNA hybridizations to probe EcoRI-digested DNA from 11 A. brunnescens isolates (7 commercial, 2 wild type, and 2 homokaryotic) and 7 A. bitorquis isolates. Most cloned fragments were polymorphic in both species. There were fewer different genotypes than expected, however, in the sample of commercial A. brunnescens strains. DNA from homokaryotic strains showed fewer bands in most hybridizations than DNA from heterokaryotic strains. All A. bitorquis isolates could be distinguished from each other as well as from every A. brunnescens strain. Putative homokaryons were detected by the loss of polymorphic bands among protoplast regenerates from one commercial strain and two strains collected in the wild.

Agaricales↗
PubMed1987

Fulminant ulcerative colitis in late pregnancy and the puerperium.

Four patients underwent emergency colectomy during pregnancy or the puerperium for complications of ulcerative proctocolitis. Three had inactive colitis at conception, while in the fourth the disease started during pregnancy. Three patients required subtotal colectomy and ileostomy for toxic dilatation during the third trimester or within 5 days of delivery, and the fourth underwent proctocolectomy postpartum for intractable colitis. There were no maternal deaths but 2 of 4 infants died. One child weighing 1.4 kg survived vaginal delivery during the 33rd week of pregnancy, 2 weeks after his mother had undergone emergency colectomy.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1986

The impact of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty on the management of peripheral vascular disease.

Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty is a well established technique with wide application, but its place in the overall management of peripheral vascular disease is not well defined. This study compares similar groups of patients with peripheral vascular disease in 1981 and 1984, before and after the introduction of the technique to a district general hospital. More patients are now being investigated and treated and this is almost entirely due to the availability of angioplasty. The rates for surgery have not changed. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty should therefore be seen as a new and separate form of treatment for peripheral vascular disease, not necessarily influencing or replacing surgery, and requiring its own allocation of resources in accordance with the increase in the level of care afforded by the technique.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Impaired spermatogenesis in testes at risk of torsion.

The oligospermia observed after unilateral torsion of the spermatic cord could reflect immunological damage to the opposite testis. An alternative explanation, that there may be a pre-existing defect in spermatogenesis, was tested in 20 post-pubertal males with acute torsion. In a prospective study the contralateral testis was biopsied at operation and the histological appearances were related to subsequent testicular function as assessed by seminal analysis 3 months later. Thirteen patients had biopsy evidence of partial maturation arrest in spermatogenesis which was either mild (6), moderate (4) or severe (3), and ten of these were oligospermic (less than 20 X 10(6)/ml). By contrast all seven patients with normal histology had a sperm concentration greater than 25 X 10(6)/ml. Histological grading of spermatogenesis by the Johnsen technique gave a higher score in patients with a normal biopsy (median 9.01, semi-quartile range 8.96-9.21) than in those with abnormal histology (median 8.28, semi-quartile range 7.98-8.45, P less than 0.001) and correlated with the log of the sperm concentration 3 months later (r = 0.79, P less than 0.001). There was minimal anti-sperm and no anti-testis antibody formation following torsion. Serum FSH levels were raised in 6 of 10 oligospermic patients, while all those with a normal sperm count had FSH concentrations within the normal range. Thus many patients who develop testicular torsion have an underlying defect in spermatogenesis, which correlates closely with poor postoperative exocrine function.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Toxic megacolon due to Campylobacter colitis.

Campylobacter jejuni is a common cause of acute infectious diarrhoea. Most patients recover in less than a week, but 20 per cent may have a prolonged or severe illness [1]. We describe a patient who developed a fulminant toxic dilatation of the colon necessitating a subtotal colectomy.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Urinary cytology and the early detection of renal allograft rejection.

The appearance of pyroninophilic immunologically activated lymphocytes in the urine may be one of the earliest indications of acute rejection of a renal allograft. In a study of 50 allograft recipients there were 33 episodes of rejection within 1 month postoperatively. The presence of activated lymphocytes in the urine correlated with a clinical and biochemical diagnosis of rejection in 29 cases (88 per cent). In 20 cases (69 per cent) the activated lymphocytes were present at least 24 hours (median 2 days) before rejection was diagnosed by other means. In 2 patients (4 per cent) activated lymphocytes appeared in the urine without evidence of rejection, while 4 of 33 patients had rejection diagnosed and treated in the absence of lymphocyturia, for a false negative rate of 12 per cent. The 33 rejection episodes were treated by prednisolone and azathioprine. In 19 cases suppression of rejection correlated with the disappearance of pyroninophilic lymphocytes within 5 days, while in 10 persistent rejection was accompanied by persistent lymphocyturia. The presence of activated lymphocytes in the urine is a valuable early index of impending rejection in the transplanted kidney, and may be used with other clinical and biochemical criteria to detect the need for increased immunosuppression.

Cytological Techniques↗
PubMed1986

The fate of the human testes following unilateral torsion of the spermatic cord.

In an attempt to explain the oligozoospermia commonly observed after unilateral testicular torsion, 56 patients with acute torsion were investigated prospectively. Blood was taken pre-operatively for antibody studies and a contralateral testicular biopsy was performed at the time of orchiopexy. At review 3 to 6 months post-operatively, late testicular atrophy was assessed and repeat antibody studies were performed together with a hormone profile and seminal analysis. Although the duration of torsion showed a close correlation with the degree of testicular atrophy (P less than 0.001), no such association could be demonstrated between duration of torsion and subsequent sperm concentration. Twenty of 35 patients had histological evidence of a pre-existing partial maturation arrest in spermatogenesis. Fifteen of 19 with the abnormality were oligozoospermic, while all of those with normal testicular histology had a sperm concentration within the normal range. Anti-sperm antibody formation following torsion was minimal and antitestis antibodies were absent. Testes prone to torsion already show impaired spermatogenesis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Patterns of drug taking in patients with chronic airflow obstruction.

A questionnaire on the pattern of drug taking was completed by 185 patients with chronic airflow obstruction. Of these, 49% admitted to taking their prescribed therapy regularly and 33% could be regarded as being fully compliant. The use of increasing numbers of drugs was not accompanied by a fall in compliance. Regular drug taking was better in patients (particularly females) with asthma than in patients with chronic bronchitis and emphysema. During acute exacerbations of airflow obstruction, excessive use of bronchodilators beyond the recommended increase in medication was rare; indeed, underuse of therapy in this situation was commoner. These conclusions must be regarded as tentative since the questionnaire was not validated by repeat interviewing or measurement of drug usage.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Toxoplasma gondii reactivation identified by detection of parasitemia in tissue culture.

Three patients developed acute toxoplasmosis after allogeneic marrow transplantation for treatment of leukemia. In each case, Toxoplasma gondii was isolated from peripheral blood buffy-coat cells inoculated into fibroblast tissue culture after 10 to 39 days of incubation. Serologic studies did not suggest acute toxoplasmosis, but complete autopsies done in two patients showed active invasive disease. Serologic tests done before the transplants showed that these cases resulted from reactivation of latent infection rather than primary disease. Parasitemia is a feature of reactivation toxoplasmosis in immunosuppressed patients that may be identified by recovery of T. gondii from peripheral blood buffy-coat cells in tissue culture.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Adenocarcinoma of the extrahepatic biliary tree.

Increasing survival rates for carcinoma of the biliary tree could reflect the selection of patients for referral to a specialist centre as well as modern improvements in diagnosis and treatment. To determine the true incidence and outcome of biliary cancer, the records of 243 unselected Bristol patients were reviewed retrospectively over a 15-year period. Mean age was 64 years. Gallstones were associated in 38% of cases. Sixty-nine of 87 patients with gallbladder carcinoma were submitted to laparotomy. The operative (30-day) mortality rate was 56% and the one-year survival rate was 7%; one patient with an unexpected carcinoma is alive 7 years after cholecystectomy (1% five-year survival rate). Among 31 patients with carcinoma of the ampulla the operative mortality rate was 27%; one-year and five-year survival rates were 46% and 15%. Bile duct cancers (n = 125) arose proximal to the entry of the cystic duct (n = 63), distal to that point (n = 46) or diffusely (n = 16). For proximal cholangiocarcinoma the operative mortality rate was 38% and 1-year survival rate 17%; no patient lived for 2 years. For distal cholangiocarcinoma the operative mortality rate was 45% and one-year survival rate 26%; no patient lived for 3 years. Only palliative procedures were undertaken for diffuse cholangiocarcinoma; 2 patients survived 1 year (13%). Overall 5 patients with carcinoma of the extrahepatic biliary tree appear to have been cured (2%).

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1983

Malignant melanoma of the gallbladder.

We report a case of primary malignant melanoma of the gallbladder with review of the literature and comment on the frequency of secondary deposits of melanoma within the small bowel.

Female↗