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Biomedical subjects

J Ayres

Publications and source records attributed to J Ayres.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Measurement of respiratory morbidity in general practice in the United Kingdom during the acid transport event of January 1985.

The Weekly Returns System of the Royal College of General Practitioners was used to assess the effect on respiratory illness of the acid transport event that occurred during January 1985. The pollution event, as assessed by SO2 and smoke levels measured at pollution monitoring stations within and without the affected area showed only modest rises in SO2 levels, which were less than levels that occurred 4 years earlier. January is the peak time of year for reporting of acute respiratory episodes, and the minor increase in pollution was not reflected in any rise in respiratory morbidity, both for all ages and for different age bands. There was a rise in rates for children up to the age of 14, but this was seen each year and in both polluted and nonpolluted areas. This was probably due to children returning to school after the winter vacation and the subsequent spread of viral infections. The limitations of the two data sets in this analysis are discussed, including the relative insensitivity of weekly data in picking out a short-lived event, the distribution of the practices and pollution monitoring stations, and the effect of the extreme cold weather and the coal miners' strike on domestic coal burning during this event.

Acid Rain↗
PubMed1987

Nucleolar organiser regions in small cell carcinoma of the bronchus.

An argyrophil technique for the demonstration of nucleolar organiser regions has been applied to routinely processed paraffin sections of 15 specimens of small cell carcinoma and 15 biopsy specimens infiltrated by lymphocytes. To avoid tautological problems, the nature of the specimens was confirmed by means of immunohistochemical staining for neurone specific enolase and leucocyte common antigen. The specimens of small cell carcinoma were readily differentiated from those containing lymphocytes by the argyrophil method, the range of mean number of nucleolar organiser regions per nucleus being 4.2-7.3 for small cell carcinoma cells and 0.9-1.7 for lymphocytes. This method separates malignant epithelial cells from benign lymphocytic cells and has potential in both clinical and research investigation of respiratory tumours.

Bronchial Neoplasms↗
PubMed1985

Lymph-vessel embolism in a case of Whipple's disease.

A case of Whipple's disease is described where the lymphatics in the regional lymph nodes appear to be obstructed by embolized macrophages, containing the characteristic PAS positive bacillary material. It is suggested that the regional lymphangiectasia in Whipple's disease may in part result from such cellular embolism.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1984

Subcutaneous terbutaline and control of brittle asthma or appreciable morning dipping.

In a pilot study two patients with brittle asthma and two with morning dipping received terbutaline or a placebo administered subcutaneously either by continuous infusion or in injections every six hours. In two patients brittle asthma was completely suppressed by terbutaline 1 mg/day given by either method. In the two others early morning dipping responded only to continuous subcutaneous infusions of terbutaline 12 mg/day. Terbutaline administered subcutaneously may be an effective treatment in asthmatic patients who show important diurnal variations in air flow.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

An analysis of problem areas and counseling experiences of gay white males.

An analysis of problem areas and counseling experiences of gay white males was performed in preparation for a larger study. Subjects were members of several gay organizations. A number of relationships among demographic variables and problem areas were found. Two factors, a general social functioning factor and a factor relating to acknowledging one's gayness to others (coming-out), accounted for almost 70% of the variance in a structure of problem areas. Approximately half of the respondents reported having had counseling experience. Of those reporting their satisfaction with the experience, the majority were satisfied. Results suggested that white, educated, middle-class gay males may not be underserved with respect to psychological service delivery.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Intravenous naloxone in acute respiratory failure.

A 58-year-old man presented with acute on chronic respiratory failure. In the acute stage of his illness an infusion of the opiate antagonist naloxone caused an improvement in oxygen saturation as measured by ear oximetry from 74% to 85%, while a saline infusion resulted in a return of oxygen saturation to the original value. When he had recovered from the acute episode the same dose of naloxone had no effect on oxygen saturation. These findings suggest that in acute respiratory failure there may be overproduction of, or increased sensitivity to, endorphins.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1982

Thyrotoxicosis and dyspnoea.

Shortness of breath is a common symptom in thyrotoxicosis and it may have a number of causes. We have studied dyspnoea, skeletal muscle power and respiratory muscle power in eleven patients who had thyrotoxicosis with no evidence of heart failure. Four patients (36.4%) had a marked improvement with treatment in the maximal inspiratory pressure developed at the mouth. All four were breathless and had a proximal myopathy before treatment. This confirms the existence of a group of thyrotoxic patients with a reversible respiratory muscle myopathy which may explain the frequent finding of breathlessness on exertion in such patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Airways responses to oral ethanol in normal subjects and in patients with asthma.

The effect of oral ethanol on airflow was studied in 5 normal subjects and 5 patients with asthma. On 4 different study days, each subject was asked to drink 40 ml of either water or 20%, 40% or 60% ethanol, and measurements were made of specific airways conductance (sGaw), blood ethanol levels, pulse rate and blood pressure. In some subjects in both groups there was a significant immediate fall in sGaw after drinking ethanol (below 5% confidence limits). Once absorbed, ethanol had a slight bronchodilator effect in 2 normal subjects and in 3 patients with asthma (5% level). Sixty per cent ethanol, when drunk slowly, showed significant bronchodilatation in 4 out of 5 patients with asthma and in one normal subject (5% level) with no acute fall in sGaw. Pulse rate and blood pressure did not change after water, 20% and 40% ethanol in either group, but immediately after 60% ethanol normal subjects showed a significant rise in pulse rate (P less than 0.01) which was not seen in patients with asthma. The immediate changes in sGaw and pulse rate may be due to stimulation of irritant receptors in the upper airways. Ethanol may act directly on bronchial smooth muscle to produce bronchodilatation and may be useful as a bronchodilator when given intravenously.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1982

Alcohol in asthma and the bronchoconstrictor effect of chlorpropamide.

The effect of drinking 40 ml of sherry on peak expiratory flow rate in 16 normal subjects and 19 patients with asthma was assessed after oral administration of either chlorpropamide or placebo. After placebo and sherry normal subjects showed no change in peak expiratory flow rate, while an increase was usually shown by patients with asthma. This bronchodilation was more marked in patients whose base-line peak flow rate was less than 50% predicted. Ingestion of chlorpropamide before sherry significantly modified the bronchodilating properties of sherry; five of the 19 patients with asthma showed airway narrowing on 11 of 19 occasions tested. Further studies in one patient suggest that this bronchoconstriction may be mediated by congeners in sherry rather than ethanol. These findings confirm the observation that chlorpropamide and sherry can cause airway narrowing in patients with asthma but shows that this response is not always reproducible. The bronchodilator effect of alcohol in patients with asthma may have therapeutic implications.

Adult↗