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Biomedical subjects

J Ayers

Publications and source records attributed to J Ayers.

24 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Which behavior does the lamprey central motor program mediate?

The isolated lamprey spinal cord, when bathed in 2 millimolar D-glutamic acid, will generate a pattern of motor neuron discharge that has generally been assumed to represent the central motor program for swimming. Motion pictures of behaving lampreys were analyzed by a computer algorithm to estimate undulatory movement parameters that could be directly compared with those generated during D-glutamate--induced undulations. The D-glutamate--induced movement parameters were significantly different from those observed during normal behaviors, including swimming, but accurately predicted the undulations produced by spinally transected adult lampreys.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

[Walking in Crustacea: motor program and peripheral regulation (author's transl)].

1. Rock lobsters can walk in all directions. In the present study, we report the organization of the motor output of the three muscles which control the mero-carpopodite joint (M-C): the extensor E, the flexor F and the accuracy flexor FA, during unrestrained locomotion (fig. 1). 2. During lateral walking, movements of the M-C joint provide most of the propulsive force, whereas during forward and backward walking this joint function more as a strut (fig. 2). Corresponding differences are observed in the motor discharge in the different walking modes. During lateral walking, discharge in the M-C extensor and M-C flexor alternates, whereas during forward and backward walking these antagonists are coactivated (fig. 3 and 4). 3. We have also examined the effects of alterations of proprioceptive feedback: the FA tendon has been cut to eliminate MCO afferents during walking. This ablation does not modify the burst period and the temporal structure of the output pattern is largely unaffected (fig. 5, 6 and 7). MCO may influence the motor output of a given muscle depending upon whether it participates in the return stroke or the power stroke.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1976

Alcoholism, cigarette smoking, coffee drinking and extraversion.

Alcoholic patients smoked significantly more cigarettes and drank more cups of coffee than nonalcoholic psychiatric patients even when the higher extraversion scores of the alcoholics, as measured by the Eysenck Personality Inventory, were statistically controlled.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

The MMPI in the differential diagnosis of organicity vs. schizophrenia: empirical findings and a somewhat different perspective.

Watson's MMPI Scale for differentiating organicity from schizophrenia was found to correlate significantly with the MMPI Schizophrenia Scale and was found not to differentiate significantly better than the Schizophrenia Scale for the two patient groups under consideration. Watson's general approach of using personality measures for such differential diagnosis was lauded, although doubt that his scale is superior to other methods of diagnosing schizophrenia was expressed.

Brain Damage, Chronic↗