Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

J Aubertin

Publications and source records attributed to J Aubertin.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Predictive value of Toxoplasma gondii antibody titres on the occurrence of toxoplasmic encephalitis in HIV-infected patients. ANRS 005/ACTG 154 Trial Group.

OBJECTIVE: To study the predictive value of anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibody titres for the occurrence of toxoplasmic encephalitis (TE) in HIV-infected patients. METHODS: Data from the placebo arm of a trial of primary prophylaxis for TE (ANRS 005/ACTG 154) were analysed. Patients included had CD4+ cell counts < 200 x 10(6)/l and a positive Toxoplasma serology. Immunoglobulin (Ig) G and IgM Toxoplasma antibody titres at entry were retrospectively determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and agglutination on serum samples in a single laboratory. Incidence of TE was estimated by Kaplan-Meier method and a Cox model was used to study the predictive value of antibody titres, adjusted for other covariates. RESULTS: All 164 patients studied were positive for IgG antibodies and one had IgM antibodies. After a mean follow-up of 16 months, 31 cases of TE were documented. One-year incidence of TE was significantly higher in patients with IgG titres > or = 150 IU/ml (23.7%) than in patients with titres < 150 IU/ml (7.7%; relative risk, 3.1; P < 0.003). IgG titres remained significantly associated with the occurrence of TE (relative risk, 3.3; P < 0.005) in the Cox model. Predictive value of IgG titres did not differ according to baseline CD4+ cell counts. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with CD4+ cell counts < 200 x 10(6)/l, IgG anti-Toxoplasma antibody titre is a prognostic factor of occurrence of TE, with a higher risk for titres > or = 150 IU/ml. This finding should reinforce the recommendation of specific prophylaxis in these patients.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1996

Evolution of tumor necrosis factor-alpha serum concentrations in HIV infected individuals treated with zidovudine.

We studied the evolution of Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha serum concentration (TNF-alpha) and CD4+ lymphocyte counts (CD4+) in a pilot cohort study of HIV-infected patients during the first year of zidovudine therapy. Data on 17 patients remaining asymptomatic during the one-year follow-up period (non progressors) were analysed. Serum samples were obtained at entry and at each follow-up visit (1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months). TNF-alpha was quantified in pg/ml using a very sensitive radioimmunoassay (Medgenix). All patients had increased TNF-alpha at entry (median: 26.4 pg/ml). TNF-alpha decreased significantly as soon as the first month of therapy (median: 16 pg/ml). A steady state was then observed until Month 6 (median: 17.5 pg/ml), from which a slow increase appeared, without reaching the initial level (median at Month 9: 21.3, at Month 12: 19.8). During the same time, less sustained changes in CD4+ lymphocytes count and beta-2 microglobulin level were observed. The results of this pilot study suggest that, during HIV infection treated course, TNF-alpha could potentially be an additional surrogate marker to CD4+ lymphocyte count.

Anti-HIV Agents↗
PubMed1995

[Neurologic manifestations of Lyme disease. Apropos of 25 cases].

We studied retrospectively the cases of neurological forms of Lyme disease observed in two internal and two neurological departments from 1986 till 1993. Twenty five cases have been collected among 15 men and ten women whose mean age was 61 years. Tick bites were previously noticed in 11 cases. Erythema chronicum migrans (ECM) was mentioned in 16 cases mostly on lower limbs. The mean time between ECM and the onset of neurological symptoms was less than 1 month in 11 cases, 2 months in three cases, and 6 months in two cases. Neurological abnormalities were often associated in the same patient. Hyperalgic radiculitis (n = 16), mainly noticed in the ECM territory (n = 10) was only sensitive in six cases and associated with motor deficit in ten. Atypical polyradiculoneuritis was achieved in six cases. Clinical (n = 5) or biological (n = 22) meningitis could occur: CSF was clear with pleiocytosis (132 per mm3), mainly lymphocytic, and hyperproteinorachia (1.2 g/l) with normoglycorachia. An increase of the CSF immunoglobulins G with oligoclonal fragmentation was noticed in 11 cases. Cranial neuropathy was frequent: VII (n = 8), VI (n = 2), III, IV, VIII (n = 1). Encephalitis (with white matter demyelination) resolved partially in two cases. Diagnosis was always confirmed by Borrelia burgdorferi serology (indirect immunofluorescence) with a significant increase of the antibodies titer (n = 17) or a CSF titer > 1/4 (n = 11). Syphilitic serology was always negative. All patients were treated with parenteral beta lactamins and four with corticosteroids. Outcome was favorable in 20 patients with incomplete resolution of neurological symptoms in two patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Endogenous production and peripheral utilization of glucose in patients with insulinoma].

Endogenous glucose production (EGP), glucose clearance and insulin sensitivity were measured in 5 subjects with insulinoma before and 3 to 6 months after surgical resection of the tumour. Endogenous glucose production and glucose clearance were evaluated by infusion of [6,6 D2] glucose, and insulin sensitivity was determined by a euglycaemic hyperinsulinaemic glucose clamp. The patients served as their own controls. The postabsorption blood glucose level was low before treatment (0.51 +/- 0.01 g/l) and EGP was 1.86 +/- 0.10 mg kg-1 min-1 (normal value: 2.2 to 2.6 mg kg-1 min-1), whereas the insulin level was relatively high (16.4 +/- 1.6 mU/l). After surgical resection of the insulinoma, the blood glucose level rose to 0.94 +/- 0.02 g/l and EGP to 2.33 +/- 0.04 mg kg-1 min-1, whereas the insulin level fell to 6.4 +/- 0.5 mU/l. Glucose metabolic clearance in the fasting state was 3.68 +2- 0.21 mg kg-1 min-1 before and 2.46 +/- 0.09 (n = 2.44 to 3.46 ml kg-1 min-1) after surgery. Clamp dose-response curves were shifted to the left and insulin sensitivity was improved after surgery. These data suggest that chronic hyperinsulinaemia is associated with inhibition of endogenous glucose production, a rise in basal glucose clearance and a state of insulin insensitivity during the clamp.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Teicoplanin: a well-tolerated and easily administered alternative to vancomycin for gram-positive infections in intensive care patients.

A prospective, randomized multicentre study was conducted in order to evaluate the potentially superior tolerability profile of teicoplanin plus netilmicin compared with vancomycin plus netilmicin in patients in ICUs. We considered that these glycopeptides have been shown to have comparable efficacy and that comparative tolerability is of paramount importance, particularly in severely ill patients. A total of 56 patients were enrolled into the study (36 males and 20 females). Twenty-four patients were included in the teicoplanin plus netilmicin group (15 males, 9 females: mean age 56.8 years). The mean simplified acute physiological score (SAPS) was 9.4 (range 4-20). Thirty-two patients were randomized to receive vancomycin plus netilmicin (21 males, 11 females; mean age 56.4 years). The mean SAPS was 9.3 (range 2-16). Septicaemia was the most common infection (14 cases in each group). Most infections were caused by Staphylococcus aureus or coagulase-negative staphylococci. The mean daily doses were: for teicoplanin, 457 mg (6.7 mg/kg); for vancomycin, 1678 mg (24.4 mg/kg); and for netilmicin 263.3 mg (3.9 mg/kg) in the teicoplanin group and 248 mg (3.8 mg/kg) in the vancomycin group. The trough levels of teicoplanin in the serum remained mostly between 7 and 10 mg/l, while more fluctuation was seen in patients receiving vancomycin. The mean trough levels of netilmicin in the serum were 1.2 (SD 0.9) mg/l in the teicoplanin group, compared with 1.7 (SD 1.4) mg/l in the vancomycin group (NS: p > 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Epidemiological, clinical, biological and developmental aspects of leptospirosis: apropos of 30 cases in Aquitaine].

We have studied retrospectively 30 cases of leptospirosis observed in Aquitaine (South West France) from 1980 till 1992. This review was made in three internal and a nephrology department in Bordeaux hospital. Most cases occurred by indirect contact with infected animals or by occupational exposures. Onset was brutal with fever often associated with painful syndrome and sometimes conjunctival suffusion. Jaundice (70%), acute renal failure (67%), meningitis (50%) and hemorrhagic signs (50%) were among the major visceral manifestations. Diagnosis was always confirmed by micro-agglutination test. Leptospira ictero-hemorrhage was the predominant serogroup found. The outcome was favorable in 22 patients; reversible complications were seen in six cases (five acute renal failure with hemodialysis myocarditis and pulmonary edema in two hemodialysed patients, polyradiculoneuritis). Two patients died (acute respiratory failure and meningo-encephalitis with diffuse hemorrhagic syndrome). The characteristic of our series is the high frequency of hepatorenal syndrome due to the importance of our nephrologist recruitment. Furthermore our study confirm the vital prognostic characters of the pulmonary, renal, hemorrhagic and neurologic complications. No absolute relationship was found between the clinical and laboratory findings and the serotype of leptospira. Penicillin remains the treatment of choice and should be started as soon as possible the avoid the life threatening visceral complications.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

[Mucorales infection in diabetics].

Naso-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis is a fungal infection reported to occur especially in association with diabetes mellitus. Mucorales germinate in the nasal cavities and then colonize sinuses and the orbit. The diagnosis must be made before meningeal and cerebral impairement. The diagnosis is based on histologic and mucologic examination. Once the diagnosis is confirmed, treatment required high and prolonged dose of intravenous Amphotericine B, otherwise the evolution is fatal.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Clinical, biological and developmental aspects of cytomegalovirus infection in immunocompetent patients: apropos of 34 hospitalized patients].

We reviewed the thirty cases of cytomegalovirus infections with occurred in previously healthy patients, hospitalised for fever from 1981 to 1992. Pregnant women, transplant recipients, HIV infected persons and all immunocompromised subjects were excluded. We observed 34 cases (18 women, 16 men) whose mean age was 34 years (17 to 79). Fever appeared progressively (73%), persisted more than 15 days (87%) and was well tolerated. The main functional symptoms were headaches, myalgia (53%), profuse sweat (50%), abdominal pain, diarrhea, recent loss of weight, dry cough (51%). Splenomegaly was present in 24% of the cases. Chest X ray was always normal. Differential blood count was always inverse and an authentic mononucleosis syndrome was present in 91%: it appeared mainly 13 days after onset of symptoms. Hepatic abnormalities were nearly constant, especially cytolytic (97%) (transaminases three or four times upper the normal limit) but also cholestatic (62%). Thrombopenia has been noticed once (48,000/mm3). Serological diagnosis was confirmed with Elisa test (anti CMV Ig M: 30 cases) or complement fixation test (seroconversion: one, significant increase of the titers: two). CMV viremia, studied in seven patients, was positive in three. Spontaneous or treated (NSAI in 30%) outcome was nearly always favourable (97%). Two patients presented severe complications: meningo encephalitis and spleen rupture. CMV infection in previously healthy patients has to be suspected, without waiting for the mononucleosis syndrome, in view of a prolonged, well tolerated febrile illness, without pharyngitis, associated with hyperlymphocytosis and mild cytolysis. A careful follow-up is needed to detect the rare but severe complications.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Effects of a low-protein, low-phosphorus diet on metabolic insulin clearance in patients with chronic renal failure.

The metabolic clearance rate (MCR) of insulin was studied in 17 nondiabetic patients with advanced chronic renal failure (creatinine 479 +/- 15 mumol/L, glomerular filtration rate 14.6 +/- 2.9 mL/min) before and after 3 mo of a low-protein, low-phosphorus diet (LPD) providing daily per kilogram 0.3 protein of vegetal origin and 3-5 mg inorganic phosphorus. The energy supply (146 kJ.kg-1 x d-1) was furnished mainly by carbohydrates. The diet was supplemented with a mixture of essential amino acids and keto-analogues. The MCR of insulin was determined by using the euglycemic clamp technique. Before the diet the MCR of insulin was low (450 +/- 127 mL.min-1 x m-2) but increased significantly at the third month (568.8 +/- 148 mL.min-1 x m-2), reaching values close to the MCR of control subjects (630 +/- 135 mL.min-1 x m-2). Identical results have been described during hemodialysis of anephric patients, leading us to hypothesize that an LPD reduces the production of dialyzable factors that interfere with peripheral insulin metabolism.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Neurologic manifestations in Lyme disease. Apropos of 22 cases].

The main clinical and biological features of 22 cases of neurological forms of Lyme disease are reviewed. Radiculitis (n = 15), cranial nevritis (n = 7), meningitis (n = 5) and encephalitis (n = 4) are often associated. Tick bites were previously noticed in only 40% of cases; erythema chronicum migrans in 73%, "one to six months before the onset of neurological symptoms". Titers of Borrelia Burgdorferi antibodies were always above 1/256. Among 18 patients, DR W2 HLA haplotype was present in 15.

Female↗
PubMed1993

[Risk factors of cerebral toxoplasmosis in patients with HIV infection: data of a primary prevention trial].

To identify risk factors for cerebral toxoplasmosis (CT) in HIV patients (pts) with positive serology for Toxoplasma gondii and CD4 < 200/mm3, data from the placebo group (N = 280) of a primary prophylaxis trial, were analyzed. The probability of onset of CT (n = 46) was, at one year, 13.1%. Three baseline variables were independently associated with a higher risk of CT: group IV non AIDS, AIDS stage and CD4 < 50/mm3. Initial titer of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii was not.

Double-Blind Method↗
PubMed1993

[Primary prevention of cerebral toxoplasmosis in patients with HIV infection: results of a double-blind randomized trial, pyrimethamine versus placebo].

To assess the efficacy of pyrimethamine (Pyr) for primary prophylaxis of cerebral toxoplasmosis (CT) in HIV patients (pts), 554 pts were randomized in a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (mean follow-up: 14 months). The intent-to-treat analysis found no significant difference in the incidence of ct at 1 year: 12% (Pyr) versus 13% (Pcb) nor in survival. Side-effects leading to stop the study drug were more frequent in Pyr group, especially cutaneous rashes: 8% (Pyr) versus 2% (Pcb).

Double-Blind Method↗
PubMed1992

Short-term effect of red wine (consumed during meals) on insulin requirement and glucose tolerance in diabetic patients.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of wine on insulin requirement or glucose tolerance. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Five men with insulin-treated diabetes and 10 men with non-insulin-treated diabetes ate the same lunch with the same volume of either water or red wine (2 glasses). Insulin requirement was determined with an artificial pancreas (Biostator). Glucose tolerance was evaluated from the postprandial glycemic level. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in insulin requirement determined with an artificial pancreas in the insulin-treated patients after the two meals (31.5 +/- 4.21 U with water and 31.8 +/- 4.3 U with wine). Glucose tolerance in the non-insulin-treated patients was lower after the meal with wine. CONCLUSIONS: Moderate prandial wine consumption has no adverse effect on the glycemic control of diabetic patients. Thus, it appears unnecessary to proscribe the consumption of red wine in moderation with meals to diabetic patients. Wine contains tannins and phytates that can explain its action.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Is A29, B12 vasculitis caused by the Q fever agent? (Coxiella burnetii)].

The authors describe the first two cases, to their knowledge, of retinal vasculitis, associated with Q fever. The first case was a chronic infection induced by Coxiella burnetii associated with HLA group A29 and B12; in the second case, the phenotype was B12. The authors tried to determine whether this agent could be the "Birdshot chorioretinopathy" promoting factor. Several epidemiologic findings tend to prove that Q fever is not the only cause. On the other hand, its similarity with rickettsia, the fact that it is found in patients with vasculitis, suggest that it could be one of the initial causal factors.

Adult↗