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Biomedical subjects

J Ashton

Publications and source records attributed to J Ashton.

86 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

The effects of obstetrical medication on the behavior of Israeli newborn infants and some comparisons with Uruguayan and American infants.

The effects of obstetrical medication on neonatal behavior were studied using a sample of Israeli infants from medicated and nonmedicated mothers. Few significant behavioral differences were detected in the first month of life, and there was no difference in Bayley Infant Scale performance at 3 months of age. Comparative analyses using samples of American and Uruguayan infants and additional data from other studies of American newborns led to the conclusion that light levels of obstetrical medication do not appear to have significant effects on neonatal behavior. However, this may well be qualified by some initial population differences, by the measurements commonly used in the studies reviewed, and possibly by critical cutoff points dividing the levels of medication that will and will not affect neonatal behavior.

Analgesics, Opioid↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Induced abortions among Spanish women in England and Wales (1974-1988)].

To assess the importance of travelling for abortion in Spanish women from 1974 to 1988, a descriptive epidemiologic study was undertaken, based on information from the United Kingdom Office for Population Censuses and Surveys. Additionally, the effect of the democratic restitution in Spain (1978) and of the passing of the Spanish abortion law in Spain is explored. During the study period, close to 200,000 Spanish women travelled to England and Wales to have an abortion. The annual figures range from 2,978 in 1974 to 22,002 in 1983. In 1988, in spite of the partial decriminalization of abortion in Spain, still 3,188 travelled to the UK for an abortion. In average, 1 out 35 Spanish women in fertile ages travelled to England and Wales for this reason in the study period. The likelihood was higher for the cohort of women born between 1955 and 1959, for which the risk was 4.5%. The proportional distribution by age shows that teenagers increased their relative importance from 9.3% in 1974 to 17% in 1988, suggesting less benefits for this age group than for older women from the democratization of the country and the abortion law.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMedDate not supplied

An elusive concept?

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Happiness↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Removal of corneal epithelium with phototherapeutic technique during multizone, multipass photorefractive keratectomy.

BACKGROUND: The therapeutic mode of the VISX 20/20 excimer laser was used to remove the corneal epithelium prior to performing photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) with a multizone, multipass technique. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed of 120 eyes of 90 patients that were treated for preoperative spherical refractive errors from -1.00 to -7.00 diopters (D) (mean -3.90 D, SD 1.54) by one surgeon (DGJ) over 7 months. RESULTS: Six-month follow-up was obtained in 76 eyes (63%). Sixty-nine eyes (91%) achieved a spherical equivalent refraction within +/-1.00 D of emmetropia. Regression of effect averaged -0.35 D (SD 0.53 D) from 1 to 6 months after surgery. Mean postoperative uncorrected visual acuity at 6 months was 20/25 (range 20/15 to 20/200). Seventy-three eyes (96%) achieved uncorrected visual acuity of 20/40 or better, 67 (88%) achieved uncorrected visual acuity of 20/25 or better, and 76 (71%) achieved 20/20 or better. Three eyes (4%) lost one line of spectacle-corrected visual acuity; no eye lost more than one line. There were no significant surgical complications. CONCLUSION: Removal of corneal epithelium with the Summit Excimed UV 200 LA excimer laser using multizone, multipass photoablation yields visual and refractive results that compare favorably with published PRK series with excellent short-term stability.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The international project of healthy cities: conceptual basis and perspectives for its development in Spain].

The authors present the conceptual foundations of the international Healthy Cities project of the European Office of the World Health Organization. The future of municipal public health services in Spain after the General Health Act of 1986 is discussed, since it plans the integration of all health services in the public sector within a National Health Service. In this context, the potential to develop health promotion initiatives from the local government is discussed. The objectives and development of the Spanish Healthy Cities network are also presented.

Health Promotion↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Management made easier.

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Administrative Personnel↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Transgene expression in dendritic cells to induce antigen-specific cytotoxic T cells in healthy donors.

Immunization with specific tumor-associated antigen (Ag) (TAA)-pulsed dendritic cells (DC) has proven to be efficacious in a variety of animal models and is being investigated for the treatment of cancer patients. Use of DC pulsed with specific peptides or transfected with TAA genes has been a focused area of investigation for the induction of potent tumor and viral immune responses. In this study we demonstrate transgene expression, including expression of the MART-1 gene, in DC transfected with plasmid DNA and cationic liposome complexes. These transiently transfected DC, derived from healthy donor monocytes cultured with granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-4, express the transgene and can stimulate naive CD8+ T cells to elicit an antitumor immune response. These cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) were capable of recognizing both known and unknown TAA epitopes and were able to exhibit cytolytic activity against human histocompatibility leukocyte Ag-matched tumor cells expressing the Ag. In addition to their cytolytic function, the CTL displayed an oligoclonal T-cell receptor repertoire, indicating that the presented Ag induced alterations in the T-cell population. The ability to induce tumor-specific CTL in vitro using gene-modified DC transiently expressing TAAs demonstrates the potential use of these Ag-presenting cells to generate future in vivo cancer vaccine strategies.

Antigens, Neoplasm↗