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Biomedical subjects

J Arrizabalaga

Publications and source records attributed to J Arrizabalaga.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

[The Protomedicato Tribunal and minorities in Castile at the end of the 17th century: the case of surgeon Roldán Solimán].

This note aims to provide a small set of documents which report the vicissitudes of a North-African Muslim surgeon who tried to settle professionally during the late seventeenth century in the Kingdom of Castile. The four letters exchanged between the Royal Palace and the Castilian tribunal of the Protomedicato reveal that the Spanish king Charles II (1661-1700) resoluted supported the surgeon's aspirations, and the Protomedicato's concerted resistence to the royal will. These eloquent documents shed light on the history of the Castilian Protomedicato during the final years of the reign of the last Habsburg king in Spain by providing evidence about the role of this institution in the process of segregation/exclusion of ethnic minorities from the practice of health professions.

Africa↗
PubMed1996

[Coinfection by mycobacteria in HIV-positive patients].

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to describe the clinical characteristics and therapeutic management of coinfection by mycobacteria in the authors hospital. METHODS: Two cases of coinfection detected in mixed cultures in agar 7H11 or simultaneous positive cultures in several evaluable clinical samples (blood cultures for MAI and M. kansasii and sputum or stools for M. tuberculosis). RESULTS: One coinfection by MAI and M. tuberculosis and another by MAI and M. kansasii in two severely immunosuppressed HIV positive patients with less than 0.010 CD4 lymphocytes/10(9)/l. The clinical manifestations were unspecific, with fever and deterioration of the general state predominating over the 30-45 days of evolution. One of the patients improved with treatment which, in both cases, included a macrolide. Survival was very short and death was by intercurrent causes. CONCLUSIONS: For the diagnostic of coinfection in severely immunosuppressed patients multiple organic samples should be taken and appropriately processed to detect the mixed cultures or the presence of different mycobacteria in different samples from the same patients. Although the diagnosis of the species is fundamental, the empiric treatment of a disease by mycobacteria in severely immunosuppressed patients should include at least: ethambutol and clarithromycin or azithromycin in addition to other first line tuberculostatic drugs until definitive identification.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1994

[Sebastiano Dall'Aquila (c. 1440-c. 1510) and the "disputation of Ferrara" concerning syphilis (1497)].

This article aims to better illuminate the professional activities and intellectual personality of the Italian physician Sebastiano dall'Aquila Sebastianus Aquilanus (c.1440-c.1510) by assembling and reinterpreting several references to him from a number of both printed and manuscript sources that have had limited circulation among historians of medicine. The results of the inquiry are presented. In the first part the major features of his biography are outlined. The second one deals with his participation in the so-called "disputation of Ferrara", a notorious medical debate on the "French disease" (morbus gallicus) that took place in this northern Italian city in 1497, the details of which are described in greater detail. As a result, both the "Ferrara debate" and the figure of Sebastiano dall'Aquila attain a rather different historical significance.

History, 15th Century↗
PubMed1994

[Clindamycin-primaquine in the treatment of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia].

BACKGROUND: The efficacy of clindamycin-primaquine as treatment of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) is similar to that of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazol and endovenous pentamidine. The untoward effects of this combination are scarce and of mild degree. METHODS: Patients presenting with microbiologically confirmed PCP (bronchoalveolar lavage or induced sputum) were treated with clindamycin-primaquine. Patients presenting PO2 of less than 60 mmHg were excluded, being therefore treated with conventional therapy. RESULTS: Sixteen patients received treatment with clindamycin-primaquine. All demonstrated clinical improvement after the fifth day of treatment. Treatment was discontinued in three patients due to cutaneous adverse reactions. One patient voluntarily discontinued treatment, being readmitted with acute respiratory failure, and died. Clinical cure was achieved in 13 patients who completed the treatment with clindamycin-primaquine. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of clindamycin-primaquine was effective as the treatment of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in the patients here reported. The percentage of patients who presented secondary effects was not greater than expected with other therapeutic options. The severity of the adverse events was mild and easy to control.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

CD8+CD38+ and CD8+DR+ peripheral blood lymphoid subsets of HIV-infected intravenous drug abusers correlate with CD4+ cell counts and proliferation to mitogens.

Twenty-nine intravenous drug abusers (ivda), with asymptomatic HIV infection at entry, were sequentially studied at 4- to 6-month intervals for variable follow-up periods (mean, 19.6 months). Two of them progressed to AIDS and another one fell into the IV-C2 stage of the CDC classification at the end of the study. CD8+ lymphoid subsets (CD57+, CD38+, and HLA-DR+) were sequentially analyzed in peripheral blood samples along the follow-up. Both absolute number and percentage of cells within these subsets were found significantly increased over those observed in normal controls. Minor changes were appreciated throughout the follow-up. CD8+CD38+ and CD8+DR+ cells increased slightly (P < 0.05), but the CD8+CD57+ subset did not change significantly. In order to determine whether abnormalities in these subsets are associated with immune dysfunction, we looked for correlation between the quantification of CD8+ subpopulations and other parameters of cellular immunity. Percentage of CD8+CD38+ or CD8+DR+ cells inversely correlates with absolute number of CD4+ cells (P < 0.0001), and percentage of CD38+ subset also correlates with the proliferative response to mitogens in lymphoid cultures. Thus, the enumeration of these populations of CD8+ cells may provide some additional information about the immune status of HIV-infected ivda.

ADP-ribosyl Cyclase↗
PubMed1993

[The identification of causes of death in preindustrial Europe: some historiographical considerations].

"This article deals with some of the historiographical issues raised by the study of the causes of death in the past. It is focused upon the medical causes of death, particularly infectious diseases.... The ways of facing the question of the causes of death in pre-industrial Europe...are examined in contrast to those ways peculiar to modern Europe. Three topics are successively dealt with, first, the process of 'medicalisation' of death; secondly, diseases as causes of death, and the nosological systems; and thirdly, the diagnosis of the causes of death." (SUMMARY IN ENG AND FRE)

Cause of Death↗
PubMed1992

[Rhodococcus equi in HIV infected patients: 2 new cases].

We reported two HIV infected patients with bacteremia and pneumonia due to Rhodococcus equi. None of them had suffer any opportunistic infection before this episode. Clinical presentation includes respiratory tract symptoms of subacute onset and fever. The X-ray examination in both cases revealed pneumonia and lung abscess in upper lobes as well as lung infiltrates in other lobes. The microorganism was isolated in lung fine needle aspiration, bronchoalveolar lavage and blood cultures in both cases. One patient died and the other was under antibiotic treatment 5 months after discharge. The therapeutic options in this infection must include the use of at least two different antibiotics to which the microorganism is sensitive, and for a prolonged period of time. Surgical treatment should be considered if the evolution is poor.

Actinomycetales Infections↗
PubMed1992

[Prognostic factors in HIV-infected heroin addicts: a multivariate analysis of nonspecific serological factors in the evolution of the infection].

We present a prognostic analysis of the quantifying of serum levels of beta 2 microglobulin, neopterina, IL-2 soluble receptor and three major classes of immunoglobulins, in a group of 68 heroin-addicts infected by the human immune deficiency virus, type I, clinically assessed for a period of at least three years. High levels of any of these unspecific serologic factors were correlated with the illness progression. Survival curves were generated with the categorized variables, showed a significant decrease on the time interval prior to the diagnosis of AIDS, in the patients with these variables assigned on the higher groups, being neopterine and IgA the more predictive factors when the Cox proportional regression model is applied. We conclude that the quantifying of these unspecific serum factors provides a useful information regarding the clinical evolution of heroin-addicts with HIV infection.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1991

[Pulmonary Kaposi's sarcoma in a heterosexual parenteral drug addict patient with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome].

A case of Kaposi syndrome is described in a 28-year-old heterosexual male with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. The disease began clinically with pulmonary disease, without mucocutaneous lesions. This form of presentation is extremely infrequent and has not been described in non-homosexual subjects. Clinical manifestations were fever, cough and dyspnea. Thoracic radiography observed a perihilar interstitial pattern which evolved to a bilateral nodular pattern with perihilar adenopathy. There was endobronchial disease, however pulmonary biopsy was required for diagnosis. Complete tumoral remission was achieved with adriamycin, bleomycin and vincristine.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1991

[Invasive aspergillosis in patients infected by the human immunodeficiency virus].

Invasive aspergillosis is a disease that affects immunosuppressed patients, in close relationship with the presence and duration of neutropenia. Although formerly included among the AIDS definition criteria, it was thereafter dropped out because of its very low prevalence. We describe here four cases of invasive aspergillosis in HIV infected patients, diagnosed at our institution. Three patients presented with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, including one patient with chronic ulcerative pulmonary aspergillosis. The fourth patient developed aspergillosis of the brain. Taking into account the difficulties in establishing a diagnosis of this infection before death (most of published cases were from autopsy reports) and because of the paramount importance of early diagnosis for improving survival, we support the use of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis diagnostic criteria in a similar way as used in patients suffering lymphoproliferative disorders. Although classic treatment of this infection is based on the use of amphotericin B (with or without 5 fluorocytosine), the potential usefulness of itraconazole (a new imidazole drug) has to be considered. In spite of the low number of published cases, we believe that invasive aspergillosis among HIV infected patients has to be included as a likely diagnosis, specially in view of the prolonged survival and widespread use of cancer chemotherapy in this population.

Adult↗