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Biomedical subjects

J Arnold

Publications and source records attributed to J Arnold.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

In vitro information system for collection and analysis of experimental data.

The In Vitro information System (IVIS) provides for the collection, maintenance, analysis and reporting of mutagenesis data for the In Vitro Carcinogenesis Program of the Carcinogenesis Testing Program in the National Cancer Institute. Initial development or IVIS focused on the microbial mutagenicity assays conducted in a collaborative study in four laboratories. Information is collected about contract management, chemicals, microorganisms strain checks, preparation of activation enzymes, test results, and confirmation of mutation. IVIS provides for editing and maintenance of the information on computers at the National Institutes of Health. Analysis and reporting features were designed to assist both laboratory investigators and NCI staff in evaluating the mutagenic activity of test compounds. The analysis has focused on two principal goals: using the computer to examine the results of each test to determine if the test was adequate for a further statistical analysis; and secondly, if the plate counts are adequate, developing statistics that indicate whether there is a positive or negative trend. Reports have been developed for tabular displays of test results, frequency distributions, dose response graphs and statistical computations.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1979

Comparison of accuracy of 99mTc-pyridoxylidene glutamate scanning with oral cholecystography and ultrasonography in diagnosis of acute cholecystitis.

A prospective study of 116 patients admitted as emergencies with a clinical diagnosis of acute cholecystitis or biliary colic has shown that the best investigation for confirming a diagnosis of acute cholecystitis is 99mTc-pyridoxylidene glutamate (PG) scanning. Its sensitivity is 99% and its specificity 86%, whereas those of oral cholecystography are 75% and 82%, respectively, and those of ultrasonography are 54% and 62%, respectively. However, estimation of plasma liver enzymes is essential to exclude acute hepatitis before proceeding to early cholecystectomy.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1979

[Frequency of bacteriuria in the aged (author's transl)].

1125 inhabitants of 2 homes for aged people were tested for bacteriuria by dip slides. Increasing of age did not lead to higher frequency of bacteriuria, neither in women (n = 869), nor in men (n = 256). The persons were divided in the 4 decades of being 61--70, 71--80, 81--90, and 91--99 years old. The corresponding rates of bacteriuria (greater than or equal to 10(5) germs/ml) were 14.0, 15.0, 12.4, and 9.1%, respectively. The rate of reproducibility was 75.4%, indicating still smaller values in reality. The discrepancies to the much higher values reported in the literature may depend on the people tested: "normal persons" instead of hospital patients or patients' specimens having been sent to a microbiological laboratory.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1978

Self-observation and self-reinforcement as sources of self-control in children.

Eight fifth- and sixth-grade black males engaged in a set of single-subject, multiple-baseline studies to determine the relative effects of self-observation and self-reinforcement. A black male college student employed the children as research assistants who would study their own behavior. The employer negotiated a series of individualized contracts with each boy. The contracts specified what self-regulation procedures the subject would perform. Overall, the children were more consistent in carrying out their contracts when they were on self-reinforcement than when they were on self-observation. Second, the children were more effective in increasing behavioral deficits than they were in decreasing excesses. Third, self-reinforcement was clearly a superior means of improving their own behavior than was self-observation.

Black or African American↗
PubMed1978

Mechanism of coaggregation between Actinomyces viscosus T14V and Streptococcus sanguis 34.

Actinomyces viscosus T14V and Streptococcus sanguis 34 coaggregate by a mechanism which is not inhibited by 1 M NaCl, is dextran independent, requires calcium, is pH dependent with an optimum at pH 8.0 to 8.5, and appears to require the interaction of a protein or glycoprotein on A. viscosus with a carbohydrate on S. sanguis. The coaggregation is inhibited more than 80% by 0.01 M lactose, 0.02 M beta-methyl-D-galactoside, or 0.05 M D-galactose; inhibition of coaggregation was less than 10% in 0.1 M alpha-methyl-D-galactoside, melibiose, maltose, cellobiose, sucrose, and a number of monosaccharides. At very high concentrations of enzyme, protease from S. griseus destroyed the reactive site on A. viscosus but not on S. sanguis. Both were totally resistant to dextranase. Periodate (0.01 M; pH 4) inactivated both bacteria. The ability of S. sanguis to coaggregate with A. viscosus was not destroyed by phenol-water extraction at 65 degrees C for 15 min. When the bacteria were cultured under specified conditions, the coaggregation was highly reproducible. Under the same conditions, T14AV, the avirulent mutant of A. viscosus T14V, did not coaggregate with S. sanguis 34. Electron microscopic studies of coaggregates, labeled immunochemically with antibody to A. viscosus, indicated that fibrils on A. viscosus may be involved in the coaggregation.

Actinomyces↗
PubMed1978

[Results of school inspections in the county of Karl-Marx-Stadt (author's transl)].

Within the Health Protection in Childhood and Adolescence Research Project a hygienic inspection questionnaire was designed for schools. To test this questionnaire, 248 schools in 11 districts of the county of Karl-Marx-Stadt were inspected. From the ascertainments made, several instances are cited to point out the priorities of school hygiene.

Air Pollution↗
PubMed1977

New dimensions in computed tomography.

Total body CT scanning may be utilized as a means of treatment planning for radiation therapy. Computer reconstruction of coronal and sagittal views from CT cross-sectional slices was accomplished by taking each of the cross-sectional images and placing them together in the specific order in the sequence in which they were scanned to form a cube. Once the cube is built, retrieving in the sagittal and coronal views is readily achieved.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1977

Body position and mode of ventilation influences arterial pH, oxygen, and carbon dioxide tensions in halothane-anesthetized horses.

Effects of body position and type of ventilation were determined on arterial blood gases (PaO2, PaCO2) and pH during and immediately following clinical halothane anesthesia in 36 young, physically conditioned horses. Horses in dorsal recumbency had a lower PaO2 than did similarly breathing horses in a lateral position. Predictably controlled positive-pressure ventilation inproved arterial oxygenation and permitted maintenance of a normal PaCO2. Most horses, regardless of type of ventilation and operative body positioning, were hypoxemic in the immediate postanesthetic period.

Anesthesia, Inhalation↗
PubMed1976

Thyroid scintigram. Sensitivity with sodium pertechnetate Tc 99m and gamma camera with pinhole collimator.

To evaluate the reliability of thyroid scintigraphy in the diagnosis of nodular growth, scintigrams of patients who later underwent thyroidectomy were reviewed and correlated with pathologic findings. The scintigrams were all obtained with a 5-mm single-hole collimator-equipped gamma-scintillation camera after intravenous injection of 5 millicuries of sodium pertechnetate Tc 99m. In the group of 92 patients, six of whom had two histologically different lesions, 149 nodules were identified pathologically. There were 26 nodules 2 to 5 mm in diameter, of which 22 were benign and four were malignant. None of the 22 benign nodules were delineated scintigraphically. Superior image quality and resolution, low radiation dose, technical simplicity, and speed make 99mTc pinhole-camera scintigraphy the best procedure available for routine thyroid imaging.

Adenocarcinoma↗