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Biomedical subjects

J Anderson

Publications and source records attributed to J Anderson.

At least 865 records · Page 48Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

The role of sheep and goats in the epizootiology of foot-and-mouth disease in Kenya.

The pathogenicity of two bovine field strains of virus for indigenous goats was examined in the laboratory. The goats failed to develop clinical disease or become virus carriers although the majority showed a definite immune response. A field survey in a foot-and-mouth disease enzootic area showed that the indigenous sheep and goat populations were frequently exposed to infection as evidenced by a high proportion of sero-positive animals but the incidence of virus carriers was very low in goats and no carriers were detected in sheep.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

The prediction of medical student performance using in-course assessment.

The value of in-course assessment at King's College Hospital Medical School at predicting student performance at final qualifying examinations in medicine and surgery has been analysed. Only a small proportion of the variation in marks at finals could be explained by the factors studied. Both the MCQ and firm report methods of internal assessment used in the first clinical year were equally valuable at predicting final outcome. Performance at 2nd MB BS, the possession of another degree and the sequence of firm attachment in the first year have little predictive value. Female students are predicted to perform better in medicine than in surgery. The development of a more standardized quantifiable firm assessment looks potentially more valuable at predicting performance than refining the first year MCQ examinations.

Achievement↗
PubMed1976

Changing attitudes of medical teachers towards medical education.

If medical education is to improve, this is largely dependent upon the attitudes of clinical teachers towards their own teaching and their students' learning. The aims and objectives of our workshop method of medical teacher training therefore includes some in the affective domain. Based on the theory of cognitive dissonance the experience-linked practical problem solving approach of the workshop encourages behaviour change, presuming this to cause 'attitude change'. Testing by means of a specially constructed and validated Likert-type attitude scale shows that attitudes do improve significantly and consistently over the 5 days of our workshops. A follow-up study shows these effects to be maintained and taken back to the participants' own medical schools.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1976

Morphology of posterior segment lesions of the eye in patients with onchocerciasis.

Posterior segment ocular lesions were examined in 244 selected patients with onchocerciasis from the Sudan-savanna and rain-forest areas of the United Cameroon Republic. Fluorescein fundus angiography was performed on 210 cases. As a result of this study the following conclusions were drawn: 1. The heterogeneity of single lesions, and the occurrence of different types of lesion in a single eye or two eyes, prevented subdivision of the disease into distinct forms and suggested that inflammation alone was responsible for fundus lesions in onchocerciasis. 2. Optic nerve disease, alone or in the presence of choroido-retinal changes, was responsible for a large proportion of the blindness due to posterior segment lesions in onchocerciasis (87.6 per cent in this series).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Droplet degeneration of the cornea in North Cameroon. Prevalence and clinical appearances.

The prevalence of droplet degeneration of the cornea in a defined population of 517 persons in north Cameroon was similar in males and females, but severe changes were commoner in elderly men. Most cases showed only mild changes of granularity and droplet formation in Bowman's zone, but they were sometimes widespread. More severe changes were seen in only nine patients. The clinical appearances are compared with those described from other parts of the world. In support of the aetiological role of direct sunlight, droplet degeneration was much more prevalent in the savanna than in the rain-forest in Cameroon. The condition ranges in severity from very mild to very severe, but difficulties in differential diagnosis, particularly in advanced cases, make it doubtful whether the same basic condition is being described in all cases. These doubts will be resolved only by properly conducted epidemiological studies in different parts of the world.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Study on a family with anderson--Fabry's disease and associated familial spastic paraplegia.

A family in the north-east of England with Anderson--Fabry's disease is presented. Alpha-galactosidase activity in plasma and white cells was significantly reduced in three adult male members of the family. One of them had an abnormal chromosome karyotype pattern with an extra Y chromosome (47,XYY) and he was clinically less severely affected than his brothers. Coincidentally five other members of the family suffered from a form of familial spastic paraplegia.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Aryl-hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity in lymphocytes from lung cancer patients and normal controls.

A radiometric assay for the determination of AHH activity in lymphocytes is described. Subjects included eleven male patients with histologically verified lung cancer (nine squamous cell carcinoma and two adenocarcinoma) and eleven age- and sex-matched controls. Lung cancer patients exhibited considerably greater variation and elevated levels of both AHH activity per se and AHH activity adjusted for total cellular DNA than control individuals. Methodology for AHH determinations and implications for lung cancer epidemiology and control are discussed.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1976

Effects of visual presentation of caloric values on food buying by normal and obese persons.

The effects of the visual presentation of the caloric values of food on the food buying behavior of 450 normal, overweight, and obese female subjects were studied, in a cafeteria setting. The caloric signs significantly decreased the total number of calories bought across all three weight groups. No differences were found among the three weight groups, either in the effect of the presentation of the caloric signs or in the total number of calories bought. The implications of these results were discussed, both in terms of present-day research on obesity as well as in terms of a large scale modification of eating behavior.

Behavior Therapy↗
PubMed1976

A study of the feasibility of the use of gentian violet as a fungistat for poultry feed.

A 96% formulation of gentian violet was fungistatic to Aspergillus flavus, Alternaria sp., Candida albicans, Fusarium moniliforme, and Penicillum citrinum when incorporated into corn meal agar at 6.5, 39.0, and 156.0 p.p.m. A. flavus, Alternaria sp., F. roseeum, and P. citrinum were inhibited on corn meal agar which had been amended with 12.8, 26.6, and 38.4 p.p.m. of gentian violet in a 2.54% commercial liquid concentrate of gentian violet employed as the active ingredient in a commercial poultry feed additive. Sporulation of these fungi was not inhibited by either of the formulations of gentian violet at any concentration. An anhydrous gentian violet poultry feed additive (containing 2.05% gentian violet) significantly reduced the numbers of A. flavus and F. moniliforme propagules recovered from artificially contaminated feed samples treated with 1,000, 2,000, and 4,000 g./1000 kg. of the additive (20, 40, and 80 p.p.m. of gentian violet, respectively) and stored for 12 weeks at 8.5% moisture and compared with the numbers of propagules recovered from contaminated-unamended samples. The numbers of propagules of F. moniliforme and C. albicans recovered from the pre-mix amended samples held for 12 weeks at 19% moisture also were fewer (significantly fewer for F. moniliforme) than those recovered from the contaminated, unamended feed. Amending the A. flavus or F. moniliforme contaminated feed samples did not reduce the numbers of propagules recovered below the numbers present in the original feed samples. GV was fungistatic to the test fungi under the conditions in these studies, since it inhibited, but did not prevent development of the test fungi. A. flavus and F. moniliforme were the fungi isolated in greatest numbers from the original sample.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1976

Onchocercal dermatitis: ultrastructural studies of microfilariae and host tissues, before and after treatment with diethylcarbamazine (Hetrazan).

Specimens of skin from four Cameroon patients with severe onchocercal dermatitis, before and after treatment with diethylcarbamazine (DEC), were studied by light and electron microscopy. Microfilariae of Onchocerca volvulus have ultrastructural features resembling those of microfilariae of other genera. Between the surface layer of the cuticle and the trilaminate membrane, there is an electrolucent zone which is much wider in degenerating microfilariae than in intact microfilariae. Widening of the zone may result from DEC-induced release of component(s) of the cuticle, possibly collagen or mucopolysaccharide. Between the cuticle and dermal collagen there are granular deposits which might be immune complexes involving the collagenous component of cuticle. Others have shown that DEC does not kill microfilariae in vitro. Treatment with DEC presumably "unmasks" microfilariae in the skin so that they are recognized as foreign bodies and are destroyed by the host's defenses. Histiocytes and eosinophils are seen in close proximity to degenerating microfilariae. Enzymes from histiocytes and eosinophils might readily penetrate the cuticle altered by DEC treatment, and digest various components within the microfilariae. Alternatively, the widening of the electrolucent zone might result directly from the action of leucocytic or histiocytic enzymes, after the microfilaria has been killed by other mechanisms.

Adult↗