Comparative study of water adsorption on Ge(100)-(2 x 1) and GexSi1-x(100)-(2 x 1) by high-resolution electron-energy-loss spectroscopy.
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Journal Article↗
Biomedical subjects
J Anderson
Publications and source records attributed to J Anderson.
Electrode pad size, transthoracic impedance and success of external ventricular defibrillation.
Electrode pad size is an important determinant of transthoracic current flow during external countershock. Self-adhesive, dual function electrocardiogram/defibrillator pads were used to assess the effect of electrode pad size on defibrillation success with low energy (200 J) shocks. The study analyzed 123 cardiac arrests due to primary ventricular fibrillation (VF) in 105 patients (74 men, 31 women) ages 40 to 84 years (mean 64). Transthoracic impedance was measured before defibrillation using a low amplitude 30-kHz current passed through the chest by way of the electrocardiogram/defibrillator pads applied anteroanteriorly. Pad diameters were small (8/8 cm) in 26 cardiac arrests, intermediate (8/12 cm) in 63 arrests and large (12/12 cm) in 34 cardiac arrests. Transthoracic impedance decreased with increasing pad size (112 +/- 17 vs 92 +/- 22 vs 72 +/- 14 omega, respectively, p = 0.0001). Only the first episode of primary VF during a cardiac arrest was analyzed. A single shock of 200 J (delivered energy) was successful in 8 of 26 (31%) arrests using small pads, in 40 of 63 (63%) with intermediate pads and in 28 of 34 (82%) with large pads (p = 0.0003). A second 200-J shock increased the cumulative defibrillation rates to 12 of 26 (46%), 50 of 63 (79%) and 33 of 34 (97%), respectively (p less than 0.0001). In primary VF, larger self-adhesive electrocardiogram/defibrillator pads are associated with a lower transthoracic impedance and improved defibrillation success rates with low energy shocks.
Adhesives↗
Immune response and protection of cattle and pigs generated by a vaccinia virus recombinant expressing the F protein of rinderpest virus.
The immune response of cattle and pigs to a vaccinia recombinant virus containing the fusion (F) protein gene of rinderpest virus was examined. Half the cattle and all the pigs gave humoral response to primary vaccination and all the cattle gave an anamnestic response to a second vaccination 28 days after the primary vaccination. All the cattle after a single or secondary vaccination were completely protected clinically after exposure to a lethal dose of the Saudi 1/81 strain of virus. Prior vaccination with another TK- vaccinia recombinant (VVCAT) suppressed, but did not abrogate, the immune response to the rinderpest F recombinant. The pigs gave a humoral immune response in the absence of any local reaction at the site of vaccination.
Animals↗
Impaired filterability of white cells in acute cerebral infarction.
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Acute Disease↗
Comparison of competitive ELISA, indirect ELISA and standard AGID tests for detecting blue-tongue virus antibodies in cattle and sheep.
The performances of a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using a group specific monoclonal antibody against bluetongue virus, an indirect ELISA and the standard agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) test were compared in the detection of serum antibody against bluetongue virus. Test sera consisted of 1300 bovine, 530 ovine and 160 carpine samples from bluetongue-free areas of Canada, 605 bovine and ovine field samples from the USA and Barbados and 464 samples from 79 cattle and sheep experimentally infected with 19 South African and five USA serotypes of bluetongue virus. The diagnostic specificity of the competitive ELISA, as determined for the bluetongue virus-free cattle sera was superior (99.92 per cent) to that of the indirect ELISA (99.85 per cent) and the AGID (99.0 per cent). The specificities of the competitive ELISA for sheep (99.63 per cent) and goats (100.0 per cent) sera were also higher than those of the AGID test. The performance of the ELISA tests was similar whether a gamma-ray-irradiated (2.0 Mrad) or a non-irradiated bluetongue virus antigen preparation was used. The competitive ELISA results for bovine field sera from endemic areas demonstrated a relatively low level of agreement (92.04 per cent) with AGID test results, with 9.7 per cent false negatives. The possible presence in these sera of antibody to cross-reacting antigens or to other orbiviruses, eg, epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus, which react in the AGID but not in the competitive ELISA may account for this lack of agreement.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Animals↗
Cellular forms of the rat and human beta-amyloid precursor protein (BAPP).
Using synthetic peptide antisera generated against beta-amyloid precursor protein (BAPP) sequences we demonstrate that the newly synthesized BAPP appears as a 94 kDa peptide in rat brain RNA cell-free translates or polysome runoffs, while from similar human brain material we see two bands at 94 and 120 kDa. Immunoblots reveal likely post-translational modification of BAPP, and possibly an age-dependent, endogenous proteolysis of the protein in rat brain. On human brain immunoblots an unusual post-translational modification or possibly oligomerization of BAPP is seen, particularly in cortical regions.
Aging↗
Selective internal radiation (SIR) therapy for treatment of liver metastases: measurement of response rate.
Ten patients with liver metastases from primary tumors in the colorectum were treated with selective internal radiation (SIR) therapy. This involved the embolisation of yttrium-90-containing microspheres into the hepatic artery at the time of laparotomy. The microspheres were concentrated in the microvasculature of the tumour nodules by the concurrent administration of angiotensin II. The radiation dose being delivered to liver parenchyma was measured at the time of operation by use of an intraoperative radiation detection probe. All nine patients in whom the preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level was elevated experienced a decrease in CEA levels posttreatment. Intraoperative dosimetry confirmed the poor correlation between total radioactivity used and radiation dose received by normal liver parenchyma.
Adenocarcinoma↗
A comparison of 13-year-old boys with attention deficit and/or reading disorder on neuropsychological measures.
This study compared 13-year-old boys with attention deficit disorder (ADD) and/or reading disability (RD), and controls with neither disorder on a battery of verbal and nonverbal neuropsychological measures. The aim was to examine whether ADD was associated with a qualitatively distinct pattern of deficits compared with RD. None of the measures differentiated the boys with ADD-only from the controls; the only deficit associated with ADD was slightly lower IQ. RD, on the other hand, was associated with deficits in memory and verbal skills.
Adolescent↗
The structure and correlates of self-reported symptoms in 11-year-old children.
Self-reports of DSM-III symptomatology were obtained from 792 11-year-old children using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children (DISC). We report results concerning 13 subscales derived from the DISC. Factor analysis of the subscales suggested a broad distinction between "externalizing" and "internalizing" disorder for boys' self-report. For girls, two separate internalizing factors representing anxiety and depression emerged. We also found sex differences in correlates of self-reported disorder. Finally, we examined agreement between child and parent and teacher reports. Overall, agreement was relatively low, although somewhat higher for child-parent than for child-teacher.
Achievement↗
Transthoracic defibrillation threshold of sine and trapezoidal waveforms in defibrillation.
The transthoracic defibrillation threshold of trapezoidal (2.5-, 5-, 10-, 15-, 20-, 40-, and 55-msec duration) and damped sine waveforms were established in groups of anesthetized greyhounds. Of the seven trapezoidal waveforms, the threshold current was lowest for the 20-msec pulse but was not significantly different for the 5-20-msec pulses (p greater than 0.05). The threshold delivered energy was not significantly different for the 2.5-20-msec waveforms. The 40- and 55-msec pulses had significantly greater delivered energies than the shorter pulses (p less than 0.01). The transthoracic defibrillation threshold of two trapezoidal (5- and 20-msec) and three damped sine waves (Lown, Edmark, and Belfast) showed that the threshold transthoracic current and energy were not significantly different for the 5-msec trapezoid and three sine waves (p greater than 0.05). The threshold transthoracic energy for the 20-msec trapezoid was significantly greater than that of the four other waveforms. The threshold current for the 20-msec trapezoid was significantly less than that of the Belfast and Edmark waveforms only. Thus, none of the three damped sine waveforms was superior, with the 5-msec trapezoid producing similar results. Although the 20-msec trapezoid had the lowest threshold current, it had the highest delivery energy.
Animals↗
Technique for more rapid localization of distal ureteral obstruction with excretory urography.
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Adult↗
Cloning of a cDNA encoding the rat high molecular weight neurofilament peptide (NF-H): developmental and tissue expression in the rat, and mapping of its human homologue to chromosomes 1 and 22.
Neurofilaments (NFs) are the intermediate filaments specific to nervous tissue. They are probably essential to the tensile strength of the neuron, as well as to transport of molecules and organelles within the axon. Three peptides with apparent molecular masses of approximately 68 (NF-L), 145 (NF-M), and 200 (NF-H) kDa appear to be the major components of NF. The expression of these peptides is specific to nervous tissue and is developmentally regulated. Recently, complete cDNAs encoding NF-L and NF-M, and partial cDNAs encoding NF-H, have been described. To better understand the normal and pathophysiology of NFs we chose to clone the cDNA encoding the rat NF-H peptide. Using monoclonal antibodies that recognized NF-H, we screened a rat brain lambda gt11 library and identified a clone that contained a 2100-nucleotide cDNA insert representing the carboxyl-terminal portion of the NF-H protein. Anti-fusion protein antibodies recognized the NF-H peptide on immunoblots and stained fibrillar structures only in neurons. The cDNA recognized a 4500-nucleotide polyadenylated mRNA that was present only in nervous tissue and a 3500-nucleotide mRNA in adrenal. Brain NF-H mRNA levels were tightly developmentally regulated and paralleled the levels of NF-H peptide on immunoblots. Nuclear runoff studies showed that the 20-fold developmental increase in the NF-H message was due only in part to a 4-fold increase in its transcription rate. Levels of NF-H mRNA varied 20-fold among brain regions, with highest levels in pons/medulla, spinal cord, and cerebellum, and lowest levels in olfactory bulb and hypothalamus. Transcription studies revealed only a 2-fold difference in the transcription rates among these brain regions. Based on these results, we infer that half of the developmental increase and most of the interregional variation in the levels of the NF-H mRNA are mediated through message stabilization. Sequence information revealed that the carboxyl-terminal region of the NF-H peptide contained a unique serine-, proline-, alanine-, glutamic acid-, and lysine-rich repeat. The serine residues are likely sites of phosphorylation in the mature peptide. Genomic blots revealed a single copy of the gene in the rat genome and two copies in the human genome. In situ hybridizations performed on human chromosomes mapped the NF-H gene to chromosomes 1 and 22. Whether one copy is a pseudogene remains to be determined.
Aging↗
Partial deduced sequence of the 110-kD-calmodulin complex of the avian intestinal microvillus shows that this mechanoenzyme is a member of the myosin I family.
The actin bundle within each microvillus of the intestinal brush border is laterally tethered to the membrane by bridges composed of the protein complex, 110-kD-calmodulin. Previous studies have shown that avian 110-kD-calmodulin shares many properties with myosins including mechanochemical activity. In the present study, a cDNA molecule encoding 1,000 amino acids of the 110-kD protein has been sequenced, providing direct evidence that this protein is a vertebrate homologue of the tail-less, single-headed myosin I first described in amoeboid cells. The primary structure of the 110-kD protein (or brush border myosin I heavy chain) consists of two domains, an amino-terminal "head" domain and a 35-kD carboxy-terminal "tail" domain. The head domain is homologous to the S1 domain of other known myosins, with highest homology observed between that of Acanthamoeba myosin IB and the S1 domain of the protein encoded by bovine myosin I heavy chain gene (MIHC; Hoshimaru, M., and S. Nakanishi. 1987. J. Biol. Chem. 262:14625-14632). The carboxy-terminal domain shows no significant homology with any other known myosins except that of the bovine MIHC. This demonstrates that the bovine MIHC gene most probably encodes the heavy chain of bovine brush border myosin I (BBMI). A bacterially expressed fusion protein encoded by the brush border 110-kD cDNA binds calmodulin. Proteolytic removal of the carboxy-terminal domain of the fusion protein results in loss of calmodulin binding activity, a result consistent with previous studies on the domain structure of the 110-kD protein. No hydrophobic sequence is present in the molecule indicating that chicken BBMI heavy chain is probably not an integral membrane protein. Northern blot analysis of various chicken tissue indicates that BBMI heavy chain is preferentially expressed in the intestine.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Cardiac injury with damped sine and trapezoidal defibrillator waveforms.
To assess defibrillator-induced cardiac damage, 49 anaesthetized greyhounds received either no shocks (control group) or five shocks from a defibrillator delivering one of five waveforms (Lown, Edmark, Belfast damped sine waveforms: 5 and 20 ms trapezoidal waveforms). At 3 days the hearts of the 36 surviving dogs were examined for macroscopic damage. The Belfast and Edmark waveforms caused significantly more damage (mean 21.1 +/- SEM 2.9 g and 16.0 +/- 3.7 g) respectively than the Lown waveform (3.5 +/- 1.3 g) P less than 0.01. The 20 ms trapezoid caused significantly more damage (8.1 +/- 3.1 g) than the 5 ms pulse (0.7 +/- 1.3 g) P less than 0.05). The ventricular ectopic counts per minute were not significantly different in the three sine wave and 20 ms trapezoidal groups at 24 and 48 h (P greater than 0.05), but at 2 and 72 h were significantly greater in the Belfast and Edmark groups than in the Lown group (2 h, Belfast P less than 0.01, Edmark P less than 0.05: 72 h P less than 0.05). At 15 min there was more right chest ST-segment elevation in the Belfast than in the Lown, Edmark and 20 ms trapezoid groups (P less than 0.01), while left chest ST elevation was greater in the Belfast and Edmark than in the Lown (P less than 0.05) and 20 ms trapezoid groups (P less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Animals↗
Cognitive and social correlates of DSM-III disorders in preadolescent children.
The relationships between some cognitive and social measures and the major syndromes found in a large preadolescent sample of children from the general population are described. The measures discriminated between disorder-no disorder for most variables examined and between the broad groups of externalizing and internalizing disorders, but not between individual diagnostic categories. An important exception was that ADDH and conduct disorder occurring as single disorders could be distinguished, but the frequent comorbidity of these and other disorders complicated many between-group comparisons.
Child↗
Bidirectional stimulation of the white-opaque transition of Candida albicans by ultraviolet irradiation.
Most strains of Candida albicans are capable of switching spontaneously and at high frequency between a number of phenotypes distinguishable by colony morphology. The switching frequency of Candida albicans strain WO-1 between two predominant phenotypes, 'white' and 'opaque', and a minor phenotype, 'fuzzy', increased dramatically with low doses of ultraviolet irradiation that killed less than 20% of the population. The ultraviolet irradiation effect continued to be expressed over many generations as evidenced by stimulated sectoring. Ultraviolet irradiation stimulated switching in both the white-to-opaque and opaque-to-white direction, suggesting that a common mechanism functions in both directions.
Candida albicans↗
Hypha formation in the white-opaque transition of Candida albicans.
Cells of Candida albicans strain WO-1 and related strains switch frequently and reversibly between a white-colony-forming unit (white phase) and a gray-colony-forming unit (opaque phase). Cells in the budding white phase exhibit the usual smooth round phenotype observed in other C. albicans strains, but cells in the budding opaque phase exhibit a unique elongate shape with surface pimples or protrusions. In this study, it was demonstrated that opaque cells formed hyphae at low to negligible levels in suspension cultures but could be induced to form hyphae at high levels when anchored to the chamber wall of a perfusion chamber or to a monolayer of human skin epithelial cells. Variability in the proportion of hyphae formed between experiments appeared to be due to variability between individual opaque clones. The hyphae formed by opaque cells were morphologically identical to hyphae formed by white cells (i.e., they were devoid of pimples or protrusions and exhibited the same shape and septal locations). They also did not stain with an opaque-specific antiserum which differentially stained opaque budding cells in a punctate fashion. However, when stimulated to form buds, opaque hyphae formed opaque-shaped daughter buds, demonstrating that although they are morphologically similar to hyphae formed by white cells, they are genetically opaque.
Antigens, Fungal↗
Examination of human stomach biopsies, saliva, and dental plaque for Campylobacter pylori.
To examine possible sources of Campylobacter pylori and to determine the routes by which it is transmitted to the human stomach, samples of dental plaque and saliva from 71 patients undergoing endoscopy in addition to stomach biopsies were collected and cultured on selective noninhibitory Skirrow medium. A total of 29 (40.8%) of the stomach biopsies yielded C. pylori. None of the saliva samples and only one of the dental plaque samples was found positive for C. pylori, and thus neither saliva nor dental plaque could be implicated as a significant reservoir of this organism.
Biopsy↗