Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

J Alvarez

Publications and source records attributed to J Alvarez.

431 records · Page 24Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

[Hydatidosis control in the province of Río Negro, Argentina: evaluation of the veterinary health care activities. 1].

BACKGROUND: Hydatidosis constitutes a serious Public Health problem in the Province of Rio Negro, Argentine. This situation has promoted the implementation of a Control Programme, carried out in 1979. The accumulated experience of 13 years works is presented in this study. METHODS: The strategy used is that of the Primary Health Care; and community participation is a fundamental component of the programme as well as local planning and the approach of risk in the allocation of resources. The activities included the systematic dogs deparasitation with Praziquantel, carried out by health agents from the system rural hospitals (health promoters not professional staff); the surveillance of dogs rate of infection by means of diagnostic deparasitations made with hydrobromide or arecoline, educational talks at schools, the use of mass media, an the determination of ovine parasitism in studies carried out in the area abattoirs. RESULTS: The information registered indicates that 1,86,156 dog deparasitations with Praziquantel were carried out with a consumption of 443,533 tablets and 11,178 deparasitations with hydrobromide and Arecoline. A continuous decrease of rates appears during the Period 1979-1992. So, dog Echinococcosis was reduced from 41.5% to 4.24% and ovine Hydatidosis from 61% to 12.7%. Consequently, Human Hydatidosis has decreased from an incidence rate of 64.11 x 100,000 in the age group of 0 to 10 years to and incidence rate of 4.46 x 100,000. CONCLUSIONS: Finally, the results of the Programme are analyzed in the light of other global experiences of control; and the strategies that should be put into practice in the future with a view to a final limitation of the rate of transmission to man are analyzed.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Hydatidosis control in the province of Río Negro, Argentina: development of primary care programs].

Hydatidosis is a serious Public Health problem in the Province of Río Negro, Argentina. This situation has promoted the implementation of a control programme based on the canine systematic deparasitation with Praziquantel, health education, work control and care of persons. The accumulated experience of 15 years works, carried out to develop the last work--line mentioned above, is presented in this study. The activities includes the registry of human cases, the early identification of asymptomatic carries, the infected persons derivation to the hospital system in order to allow their appropriate treatment, the longitudinal follow up of the operated cases and the epidemiologic surveillance of the human hydatidosis situation. A network of laboratories was organized, as a support to satisfy the hospital demand, under the coordination of a central laboratory of reference and serologic surveys, among the groups at risk, were also carried out. The information registered indicates that a total of 60,078 serologic tests were carried out in the whole Province: out of them, 22,899 corresponded to hospital demand (DD5) and 37,179 to serologic surveys (originally latex, then DD5, and now Elisa). 65% of the cases, diagnosed by official register, is derived from rural areas to complexity hospitals, to be put under surgical treatment, and, out of these operated persons, only 3.9% is derived from the appearance of clinical symptomatology. A sustained reduction in the average days of stay, in lethality and in the rate of serologic prevalence in school children from 7 to 13 years of age, are achieved.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Mitral valve repair.

The greatest service that surgeons can provide for patients is to restore the function of diseased or injured parts. The principle followed is that once anatomical form is restored, then physiological recovery will follow, thus surgeons must understand the anatomy, physiology and pathology involved. They must also know the limits of the technology available and their own practical skills, so that judgment as to what is and is not possible allows avoidance of mistakes.

Bioprosthesis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Cardiovascular effects of a single dose of propofol in coronary patients with good ventricular function].

OBJECTIVES: To determine the cardiovascular effects of a single dose of propofol in coronary patients with good ventricular function. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Propofol 2 mg/kg-1 was administered to twenty coronary patients during dissection of the internal mammary artery in myocardial revascularization surgery. Heart rate (HR), systolic and diastolic systemic and pulmonary arterial pressure (SAP, DAP, SPAP and DPAP), central venous pressure, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, cardiac output (CO), right ventricular ejection fraction, systemic and pulmonary vascular resistances (SVR and PVR), right and left ventricular stroke work index (RVSWI and LVSWI), rate-pressure product (RPP) and pressure-rate quotient (PRQ) were recorded prior to (baseline) and at 1, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 30 min after administration of the drug. RESULTS: One minute after administration of the drug there was a maximum decrease in SAP (-26%), DAP (-17%), SVR (-22%), RVSWI (-23%), RPP (-24%) and PRQ (-22%) (p < 0.001 in all cases) and this continued to be significant throughout the study for SAP, DAP and RPP, and for SVR, RVSWI and PRQ at times 15, 3 and 10, respectively. There were no significant changes in HR, CO, ventricular filling pressures and the remaining variables during the study. CONCLUSIONS: Propofol produces the greatest decrease in systemic arterial pressure 1 min after administration and this decrease was maintained during the 30 min that our study lasted, due to a decrease in SVR but not in CO or in ventricular filling pressures.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Nuclear magnetic resonance and anesthesia].

Anesthesia for imaging by nuclear magnetic resonance presents special problems due to the effect of the large magnetic field and high frequency radio waves on monitoring and respiratory systems. These systems in turn affect image quality. Special materials should be designed specifically for this context or existing materials should be modified.

Anesthesia↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Importance of the daily and political newspapers in Madrid on the introduction, popularization and awareness of anesthesia].

The introduction of surgical anesthesia in Spain and its spread throughout the country between 1847 and 1848 was facilitated by several medical journals and new daily and political newspapers in existence at the time, particularly in Madrid. This study was undertaken to determine the possible impact of articles reporting the discovery of anesthesia that were published in the contemporary daily press. Research involved a review of the daily press in Madrid, where most newspapers were published. We found 141 references to events surrounding the introduction of anesthesia in Spain in 24 Madrid newspapers. Analysis of the articles revealed how the daily press contributed to the rapid dissemination of information about the discovery. The press provided an important means of spreading news about and popularizing anesthesia and was also an instrument for exchanging scientific opinion for Spanish surgeons of the day.

Anesthesia, Inhalation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Arm adduction does not increase block extension in anesthesia of the brachial plexus by the axillary approach].

INTRODUCTION: Arm abduction of 90 degrees during injection of local anesthetic followed by adduction of the arm has been recommended traditionally to favor proximal distribution of local anesthetic and extension of the blockade in the brachial plexus by the axillary route. A recent study demonstrated that there are no clinical or radiological differences between axillary blockades performed with abduction or adduction. OBJECTIVE: To compare the extension of sensory blockade in axillary anesthesia performed with adduction or abduction. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Forty patients were randomly distributed in two groups, 20 in the adduction group and 20 in the abduction group. The axillary catheter was inserted 3 cm in the proximal direction and a mixture of 40 ml of 1.5% mepivacaine without adrenaline and 4 ml of 8.4% bicarbonate soda was injected into each patient. RESULTS: No statistically significant differences in extension of sensory blockade, including circumflex, musculocutaneous and radial nerve blockade, were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Axillary rotation of the arm is not a determining factor in sensory blockade in brachial plexus anesthesia by the axillary route.

Anesthetics, Local↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Post-obstructive pulmonary edema after adenoid-amygdalectomy].

A two-years-old boy with Down's Syndrome and a small interauricular communication was given priority scheduling for adenoidectomy and tonsillectomy to correct subacute obstruction of the upper airway. The only noteworthy event during surgery was an SpO2 of 92% during mechanical ventilation with FiO2 of 0.5 from no apparent cause. The patient suffered acute respiratory insufficiency due to the post-obstructive pulmonary edema in the hours immediately following surgery. The incidence of post-obstructive pulmonary edema is higher than might be expected, as symptoms can be interpreted as aspiration pneumonitis or left ventricular failure. Given the high prevalence of adenoiditis and tonsillitis with varying degrees of airway obstruction in children, we consider it useful to report this case. Such patients should be monitored carefully in the early postoperative period.

Adenoidectomy↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Infraclavicular brachial plexus block effects on respiratory function and extent of the block.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Axillary block is devoid of severe respiratory complications. However, incomplete anesthesia of the upper limb is the main disadvantage of the technique. Theoretically, the more proximal infraclavicular approach would produce a more extensive block without the risk of pneumothorax. However, neither its effects on respiratory function nor a detailed characterization of the extent of neural block has been assessed. The goal of this study was to evaluate the possible changes in respiratory function and also the extent of the block after infraclavicular block. METHODS: We performed an infraclavicular block with a mixture of 40 mL 1.5% plain mepivacaine and 4 mL 8.4% sodium bicarbonate in 20 patients. Forced expiratory volumes were measured before and 15 minutes after the injection of local anesthetic, and sensory and motor block were evaluated at 10 and 20 minutes. RESULTS: We did not find significant differences from baseline in the forced expiratory volumes in any of the patients. Axillary and musculocutaneous nerve distributions had the lowest rate of sensory block at 20 minutes. CONCLUSIONS: Infraclavicular block does not produce a reduction in respiratory function.

Anesthetics, Local↗