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Biomedical subjects

J Ali

Publications and source records attributed to J Ali.

123 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Effect of furosemide in canine low-pressure pulmonary edema.

We studied the effect of furosemide on pulmonary oxygen exchange, lung liquid, and central hemodynamics in dogs with pulmonary capillary leak induced by intravenous oleic acid (OA). 2 h after OA, triple indicator-dilution lung liquid volume and pulmonary shunt (Qs/Qt) doubled despite normal pulmonary capillary wedge pressure in 16 dogs compared with dogs not given OA in which no variable change during the same time. Six edematous dogs were then treated with furosemide (1 mg/kg), and 2 h later they showed significant reductions in Qs/Qt and lung liquid. In contrast, six other edematous dogs not given furosemide increased Qs/Qt and lung liquid during the same time. The changes in edema after furosemide could not be attributed to altered wedge or colloid osmotic pressures, and similar changes in Qs/Qt and lung liquid with furosemide were observed in four nephrectomized dogs. We conclude that pulmonary vasoactive effects of furosemide account for reduced shunt and edema in canine pulmonary capillary leak. These effects of furosemide differ from those in cardiogenic pulmonary edema, and suggest a different rationale for diuretic therapy in low-pressure pulmonary edema. Analysis of count rates from 51Cr-labeled erythrocytes and 125I-labeled albumin in lungs excised from 12 dogs indicated that the composition of excess lung liquid did not change with furosemide, and was 50% plasma, 25% blood, and 25% crystalloid.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Diagnostic value of the portable chest x-ray technic in pulmonary edema.

The ability of the portable chest x-ray film to define the amount of physiologic shunting and the severity of noncardiogenic pulmonary edema was evaluated in thirty-seven observations of eleven patients. Ten of the eleven patients were suffering from acute respiratory failure. The radiologic assessment of the amount of pulmonary edema and the severity of left ventricular failure were compared with the physiologic shunt fraction, tracer-measured lung water, and pulmonary arterial wedge pressure. The radiologic scores for edema did not predict the shunt fraction or tracer measurements of lung water. The radiologic score for congestive failure correlated with the wedge pressure but not well enough to be clinically useful. Five per cent of the x-ray results were false-positive and 11 per cent false-negative. Results indicate that the portable chest x-ray technic does not provide quantitative information regarding cardiopulmonary function. It is especially hazardous to accept an x-ray diagnosis of congestive failure as the cause of pulmonary edema.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Abdominal trauma with special reference to hepatic trauma.

Of 882 patients admitted over a 6-year period to the adult trauma service at the Health Sciences Centre in Winnipeg, 325 (37%) suffered from abdominal trauma; 241 (74%) sustained a blunt injury and 84 (26%) a penetrating wound. Laparotomy is indicated when there is evidence of intra-abdominal hemorrhage, perforation of a viscus or penetration of the peritoneum. Peritoneal lavage is extremely useful in the diagnosis of intra-abdominal bleeding; it was used in 79 cases among which were four false-positive and two false-negative results. Fifty-six cases of hepatic injury were treated; 43 of these were caused by blunt trauma. Temporary packing and drainage sufficed as treatment in many of these patients but the placing of suture-ligatures at exposed bleeding points is often called for. Resection of hepatic tissue was required in 10 cases and ligation of the right hepatic artery in 2. Of the seven deaths in the series only one was attributed to the liver injury itself.

Abdominal Injuries↗
PubMed1978

Limitations of portable roentgenography of the chest in patients with acute respiratory failure.

The ability of the portable roentgenography of the chest to define the amount of physiologic shunting and the severity of noncardiogenic pulmonary edema was evaluated in 37 observations of 11 patients. Ten of the 11 patients had acute respiratory failure. The roentgenologic assessment of the amount of pulmonary edema and the severity of left ventricular failure was compared with the physiologic shunt fraction, tracer measured lung water and the pulmonary arterial wedge pressure. The roentgenologic scores for edema did not predict the shunt fraction or tracer measured lung water. The roentgenologic score for congestive heart failure correlated with the wedge pressure but not well enough to be clinically useful. Five per cent of the roentgenograms were false-positive and 11 per cent were false-negative. Roentgenologic findings lagged behind physiologic derangements. Thus, the roentgenogram could predict the shunt value of the preceding day. Results indicate that it is hazardous to accept a portable roentgenographic diagnosis of congestive heart failure as a cause of pulmonary edema.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1975

Acinic cell cancers of the parotid gland in children. Comments based on two affected girls.

Analysis of the literature and our own experiences with two pediatric cases of salivary gland tumors have yielded the following information: 1) under the age of five years, nearly all parotid tumors are mesenchymal in origin; 2) malignant tumors of the parotid during childhood occur much more often in girls than in boys; 3) mucoepidermoid carcinoma is the most common salivary gland malignancy in children; 4) the second next most common is of the undifferentiated variety; 5) acinic cell carcinoma, in general, represent fewer than 3 per cent of all salivary gland tumors, and two-thirds of these occur in females. Lymph node metastasis is rare, recurrence being usually local or blood borne; 6) Acinic cell carcinoma are rare in childhood. They are not highly malignant, yet capable of killing. Local recurrences are frequent. The best primary treatment would appear to be complete surgical excision. Blood borne metastases may develop more than 20 years after initial treatment.

Carcinoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effects of positive airway pressure and intra-abdominal pressure in diaphragmatic rupture.

Arterial blood gases (80% oxygen), intraperitoneal pressure (IP), stomach position relative to the diaphragm (S/D by fluoroscopy), blood pressure, and cardiac output were monitored in 16 anaesthetized New Hampshire piglets with a 12 cm laceration of the left hemidiaphragm. Group I (8 animals) were spontaneously breathing. Group II (8 animals) had a pneumatic antishock garment (PASG) inflated to an IP of 40 torr for 15 mins followed by positive pressure ventilation (PPV) of 20 cm H2O for 15 min and PPV of 40 cm H2O (PPV-40) for 30 more minutes. All Group I animals survived. Three Group II animals died by 15 min after PASG inflation. Seven Group I animals showed no displacement of the stomach above the diaphragm. Blood pressure, cardiac output, and blood gases remained unchanged in Group I compared to baseline with pO2 varying from 436 +/- 44 torr to 417 +/- 31 torr, pCO2 from 38 +/- 1 torr to 39 +/- 1 torr, and pH 7.4 +/- 0.02. Blood pressure in Group I was 109 +/- 3 torr at baseline to 110 +/- 2 torr at 60 mins, and baseline cardiac output was 3.9 +/- 0.2 L/min and 3.8 +/- 0.2 L/min at 60 min. Group II animals had a baseline arterial pO2 of 423 +/- 15 torr and 100 +/- 15 torr at 15 min after PASG. With PPV-20 arterial pO2 increased to 178 +/- 13 torr and further increased to 230 +/- 9 torr at PPV-40.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Abdomen↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Lung volumes 24 h after laparoscopic cholecystectomy--justification for early discharge.

OBJECTIVE: To compare lung volumes after laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) and open cholecystectomy (OC). DESIGN: Prospective study with matched historical controls. SETTING: Referral teaching hospital. SUBJECTS: Twenty-six healthy female subjects (age 20 to 40 years), 13 of whom had LC. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Vital capacity (VC, % predicted), functional residual capacity (FRC, % predicted) and analgesic frequency (mean +/- SD) over the first 24 h. RESULTS: Immediately after operation, FRC was similarly depressed to 80.4 +/- 1.8% in the OC group and 80.8 +/- 2.3% in the LC group. After 24 h FRC fell to 70.5 +/- 1.9% in the OC group and increased to 91.3 +/- 2.4% in the LC group. VC fell immediately postoperation to 41.4 +/- 4.8% in the OC group but to only 62.2 +/- 1.9% in the LC group. By 24 h, VC improved slightly to 52.5 +/- 2.7% in the OC group but returned to normal, 99.0 +/- 3.2%, in the LC group. Postoperative analgesic frequency over 24 h was less in the LC group, 3.3 +/- 0.8 versus 5.0 +/- 0.8. CONCLUSION: Depression in lung volume is less with LC. A VC that returned to normal and a FRC level not usually associated with pulmonary complications support the practice of discharging LC patients by 24 h postoperation.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effect of intraabdominal pressure and saline infusion on abdominal aortic hemorrhage.

Blood loss, survival, and hemodynamics were monitored for 1 hour or until death in 30 anesthetized pigs with a 0.5 cm abdominal aortic laceration. Eight animals (Group I) had no treatment; 7 animals (Group IA) had saline infusion at a maximum rate of 200 mls/min to maintain carotid artery pressure (CP); 8 animals (Group II) had intraabdominal pressure increased to 60 torr by pneumatic antishock garment (PASG) inflation; and 7 animals (Group IIA) had PASG inflation with saline infusion to maintain CP. Groups I and IA survived 9.5 +/- 4.2 minutes and 28.0 +/- 5.5 minutes, respectively (p less than 0.05). Groups II and IIA survived the 1 hour. Saline infusion (5400 +/- 120 mls in Group IA and 535 +/- 180 mls in Group IIA, p less than 0.05) increased blood loss without PASG inflation (1289 +/- 49 mls in Group I vs. 4840 +/- 1350 mls in Group IA, p less than 0.05) as well as with PASG inflation (438 +/- 64 mls in Group II vs. 1235 +/- 68 mls in Group IIA, p less than 0.05). CP could not be maintained in spite of saline infusion in Group IA but in Group IIA CP was maintained with saline infusion. In an otherwise fatal abdominal aortic laceration, increasing intraabdominal pressure improves survival and decreases hemorrhage. While saline infusion may prolong survival it increases hemorrhage both in the presence and absence of increased intraabdominal pressure.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Respiratory symptoms due to Branhamella catarrhalis and other Neisseria species infections--response to erythromycin therapy.

Neisseria microorganisms (Neisseria lactamica, Neisseria sicca, and Neisseria mucosa) are regarded as normal respiratory commensals. Branhamella catarrhalis (formerly Neisseria catarrhalis) has also been regarded as a normal respiratory commensal, but reports indicate that it can be pathogenic. The role of Neisseria spp was studied in 160 patients with chest infections and symptoms and signs of obstructive respiratory disease. Group I patients (n = 140) had a history of asthma, bronchitis, and emphysema. Group II patients (n = 20) had an initially responsive pulmonary tuberculosis but presented with fever and obstructive airway disease. Group I patients had disease that was difficult to control despite increased bronchodilator therapy, but they responded dramatically after two to three days of appropriate antibiotic therapy. Patients in group II showed a similar response to erythromycin. Neisseria infection was responsible for precipitating or exacerbating respiratory distress in both groups. Accordingly, it is concluded that Neisseria can be pathogenic and that patients with fever and obstructive respiratory symptoms require treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Potential impact of the advanced trauma life support (ATLS). Program in a Third World country.

Data from Trinidad and Tobago suggest there is a positive role for the ATLS program in Third World countries. Between 1970-1979 traffic accidents increased from 16,433 to 28,003 while deaths increased from 179 to 252 per year. Sixty-nine per cent of deaths were adult males mainly between 20-30 years old and most fatal accidents occurred between 6:00 and 10:00 p.m. particularly on weekends. Because expert consultants are not always immediately available within the hospital, initial trauma resuscitation is provided by emergency room physicians. Accordingly, 75% of trauma deaths occur in hospital with 65% of those dying within six hours of reaching the hospital alive. Compared to a similar sized North American population the death to injury ratio is at least doubled. The beneficial impact of the ATLS program in Third World countries is assured if ATLS quality control is maintained and can be assessed, as outlined, by comparing pre ATLS with post ATLS data.

Accidents, Traffic↗