Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

J Ahmadi

Publications and source records attributed to J Ahmadi.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Intracranial metastatic Wilms' tumor in children: a report of two cases.

Two cases are presented of children with intracranial metastasis from Wilms' tumor. Both patients had undergone nephrectomies for Wilms' tumor, one 19 months and the other 32 months prior to clinical presentation of intracranial metastasis. Computed tomographic examination in both cases demonstrated lesions that did not have any particularly unique features. Subsequent craniotomy and removal of the tumor in one case confirmed metastatic intracranial Wilms' tumor.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed1982

Computed tomographic observations pertinent to intracranial venous thrombotic and occlusive disease in childhood. State of the art, some new data, and hypotheses.

Selected topics are discussed and new observations recorded regarding computed tomographic (CT) evaluation of intracranial venous thrombotic and occlusive disease in childhood. High density of the vein of Galen and adjacent venous sinuses (relative to brain) can be seen normally in children. A number of potential pitfalls in the diagnosis of superior sagittal sinus thrombosis are also disclosed. A case of cavernous sinus thrombosis with abnormal CT changes in included. In addition, the normal CT appearance of the cavernous sinus is described. In some cases, filling defects occur which appear to correlate with normal cranial nerves. An unusual case of venous sinus occlusion by neoplasm (sarcoma) is presented. Finally, new findings in the Sturge-Weber syndrome are analyzed. Enhancement of the brain in this condition may have its basis in altered circulation resulting from fundamental venous abnormalities.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Inconsistent venous opacification: a pitfall of epidural venography.

The lumbar epidural venograms of 45 consecutive patients with prior normal or equivocal myelographic examinations were reviewed. Each venographic injection was performed using transfemoral double-catheter technique, abdominal compression, Valsalva maneuver, and serial filming for 12 sec. There was a 30% incidence of false "occlusions" of epidural veins suggestive of compression by a herniated intervertebral disk. These false venous occlusions were demonstrated to be such by both subsequent opacification of previously nonopacified veins and lack of opacification of previously opacified veins during repeat venography. In view of the significant incidence of spurious venous occlusions in this series, It is recommended that epidural venography with single injection should be interpreted with caution except for normal studies.

Catheterization↗
PubMed1980

Unusual neuroradiological features of intracranial cysticercosis.

The authors describe various new neuroradiological findings in cysticercosis cerebri. Features discussed include: (a) contrast enhancement in cysticercosis, including enhancement of an intraventricular cyst, basal meningeal enhancement, and enhancement in association with granulomatous reaction to cysticercosis; (b) positional cyst alterations, including cyst mobility and positional changes in cyst configuration; (c) neuroradiological features of foramen of Monro obstruction, which may be unilateral or bilateral, and may be due to cysts or adhesions; and (d) unusual angiographic features, including two cases of ring stains which corresponded to ring enhancement on CT, and a mycotic aneurysm associated with cysticercosis. For this study, the authors evaluated 102 cases of cysticercosis; 12 case reports are presented herein.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

CT of brainstem injury.

Cranial computed tomography (CT) scans of 1,600 head trauma patients, 67 of which demonstrated evidence of brainstem injury, were reviewed. CT diagnosis of brainstem injury was based on direct and indirect evidence. Direct signs, which include focal hemorrhage, significant intraparenchymal contrast enhancement, hemorrhagic contusion, and edema of the brainstem, appear as areas of high density, mixed density, and low density on the CT scan. Indirect signs are obliteration of the pontine, cerebellopontine angle, and perimesencephalic cisterns. Mortality and morbidity rates after brainstem injury are 2-3 times greater than for head trauma with descending transtentorial herniation, but without brainstem injury.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

A new device for myelography.

A new device based on the principle of the concentric system has been constructed for myelography and certain other procedures. It consists of biplane tube-image amplifier systems with 105-mm cameras in both planes. The system gives superior visualization of water-soluble media, particularly when tomography is used. The radiation dose to the patient is low.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Naltrexone for alcohol-dependent patients.

BACKGROUND: Clinical trials have shown that naltrexone 50 mg/day reduces alcohol consumption and relapse rates in alcohol dependents. AIM: To investigate the efficacy of 50mg/day dose of naltrexone in the maintenance of alcohol-dependent subjects over a 36-week treatment period. METHODS: Subjects were randomised into two equal groups, consisting of 116 male alcohol-dependent patients who met the DSM-IV criteria for alcohol dependence and were seeking treatment. The participants received naltrexone or placebo at a dose of 50 mg/day and were treated in an outpatient clinic, offering a weekly 0.5-hour individual counselling session. Days retained in treatment were measured. RESULTS: Forty-one participants (35.3%) completed the 36-week study. Completion rates by group were 44.8% for the 50 mg naltrexone group and 25.9% for the placebo group (chi2=4.56, DF=1, 2-sided significance=0.033). CONCLUSION: The results support the efficacy and safety of naltrexone for outpatient treatment of alcohol-dependent individuals in Iran.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Controlled trial of maintenance treatment of intravenous buprenorphine dependence.

BACKGROUND: Buprenorphine dependence is a relatively novel addiction. AIMS: To compare the treatment outcome in three groups over 12-weeks of treatment. METHODS: Two hundred and four intravenous (i.v.)-buprenorphine-dependent patients were randomised into three groups. Subjects received 50 mg oral methadone tablet, or 5 mg sublingual buprenorphine tablet, or 50 mg oral naltrexone, and a weekly 30-minute clinical counselling session. RESULTS: The majority (80%) had a history of opium or heroin dependency before they were introduced to i.v. buprenorphine. The main source of buprenorphine for misusers was street sale (91%). The mean duration of buprenorphine dependence was 1.9 years and the mean dose per day was 3.9 ampoules (1 ampoule contains 0.3 mg of buprenorphine in 1 ml). Overall 59% of the patients completed the 12-week study. Retention in the 50 mg methadone group was significantly better than the 5 mg dose buprenorphine group (p=0.001) and the 50 mg dose naltrexone group (p=0.000). Retention in the 5 mg buprenorphine group was significantly better than the 50 mg naltrexone dose group (p=0.000). CONCLUSIONS: These results support the efficacy and safety of oral methadone and sublingual buprenorphine tablets for injection buprenorphine-dependent patients.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evidence for transventricular absorption in the hydrocephalic dog.

Hydrocephalus was induced in 10 mongrel dogs by injection of a silastic mixture into the basal cisterns. The posterior part of the left lateral ventricle was isolated from the remainder of the ventricular system by introducing Pantopaque into both lateral ventricles and the third ventricle with the animals in prone positions. Labeled albumin injected into the posterior part of the left lateral ventricle was shown to enter the blood stream before it was shown in the fourth ventricle or vallecula. This provides qualitative evidence of transventricular absorption.

Absorption↗
PubMedDate not supplied

CT myelography in spinal cysticercosis.

Four cases of spinal cysticercosis were found in a series of 356 cases of CNS cysticercosis studied neuroradiologically. Cysticercal cysts were seen to migrate within the spinal subarachnoid space on myelographic studies. All four patients presented initially with hydrocephalus, which supports the notion that spinal leptomeningeal cysts have migrated from an intracranial site of origin. Computed tomographic myelography (metrizamide) allowed better localization and definition of the spinal cysticercal lesions.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

MR imaging of neurocysticercosis.

Magnetic resonance (MR) was performed in 50 patients with neurocysticercosis. Comparison was made with other neuroradiological imaging modalities including CT, myelography, CT ventriculography, and CT myelocisternography. Eighteen patients were found to have intraventricular cysts. In several patients, these were multiple and 22 intraventricular cysts were discovered. Although 4 of the 22 ventricular cysts were missed by MR, T1-weighted images can play a significant role in the early detection of intraventricular cysticercosis cysts, showing the cyst wall (9 of 22), a high intensity mural nodule (6 of 22), and increased signal intensity of the cyst fluid (5 of 22). Cisternal cysts (14 cysts in 10 patients) could be identified; they appear similar to intraventricular cysts, but mural nodules are infrequently seen (1 of 14). Twenty-nine patients had 69 parenchymal cysts. An attempt was made to assess the viability of these parenchymal lesions by matching the CT and MR findings with the Escobar pathologic staging system. Neuroimaging findings seemed compatible with early parenchymal lesions in the vesicular stage in 11 instances. Findings in cases with later stage cysts tend to support the concept that a dying larva provokes pronounced inflammatory reaction in the adjacent brain. Computed tomography remains the superior modality for depicting parenchymal calcifications within dead larvae. A case of a spinal cysticercosis cyst demonstrated with MR (in a patient with extensive intracranial cisternal cysts and a fourth ventricular cyst) is described.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

MR imaging of pineal region neoplasms.

Twenty-eight patients with tumor of the pineal region underwent magnetic resonance (MR) examination. Gadolinium DTPA was given to 13 patients. Histologic confirmation was obtained in all patients, including 10 germinomas, 4 pineocytomas, 4 pineoblastomas, 5 astrocytomas, 2 teratomas, 1 choriocarcinoma, 1 mixed germ cell tumor, and 1 metastasis from breast carcinoma. Pineal region neoplasms have remarkable heterogeneity in both histopathologic and MR appearances. Gadolinium DTPA enhanced MR increases the specificity of diagnosing pineal region neoplasms. In addition, Gd-DTPA provides better delineation of the tumor margin and demonstrates cystic components of the neoplasm. Our approach to pineal region neoplasms is to make a decision about whether stereotaxic biopsy or surgery should be performed on a certain patient. When a pineal region neoplasm is diagnosed as benign, such as a benign teratoma, on the basis of imaging, surgery is performed to resect the entire lesion. When a definitive diagnosis is not possible, sterotaxic biopsy is performed to obtain histological diagnosis for treatment planning. Gadolinium DTPA enhanced MR plays an extremely important role in target selection in stereotaxic biopsy of pineal region neoplasms and is also useful in the early detection of intracranial seeding. Spinal seeding is demonstrated on MR as well, thus alleviating the need for a contrast myelogram. Finally, Gd-DTPA enhanced MR can be used to monitor the effects of the various treatment modalities employed for pineal region neoplasms.

Adolescent↗