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Biomedical subjects

J Ahlqvist

Publications and source records attributed to J Ahlqvist.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

A hypothesis on the pathogenesis of rheumatoid and other non-specific synovitides based on a combination of observations often overlooked.

In early synovitides the tissue inflammatory cell reaction is often weak and sometimes absent, many alterations being consistent with nonvasculitic exudation (I). Increased permeability to protein may require little, if any, endothelial damage. In rheumatoid arthritis (RA) increased transfer of fluid and protein from vessels is not restricted to joints, suggesting that exudation is more liable to induce inflammation in joints than in other tissues of ambulant individuals (II). At least 17 vascular, rheological and other "primary" mechanisms may contribute to the formation of exudates; combinations of only a few of these may be required to produce joint effusions. Some mechanisms may explain why inflammation in RA favours joints (III). Joint effusions increase intra-articular hydrostatic pressure, contributing to synovial hypoxia, glycolysis and acidosis, which may be important "secondary" mechanisms in synovial inflammation (IV). Only a few of the "primary" mechanisms are strictly local ones, and RA may predominantly be a systemic disease dependent on combinations of minor aberrations in metabolic, endocrine and other functions (V). The combination of contributing mechanisms is not necessarily the same in two patients fulfilling the criteria for RA, and patients with clinically different types of synovitis may share pathogenetic mechanisms (VI).

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1980

External bony auditory canal and the tympanic bone. Morphologic properties and influences on the tomographic reproduction.

The external bony auditory canal is morphologically defined as concerns the shape and calibre in successive plane parallel histologic sections of the petrous bone. The sagittal dimensions and structural appearances of the tympanic bone are demonstrated. The morphologic properties defined constitute a basis for the evaluation of the tomographic image formation in this region.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Can endocrine factors influence pathogenetic mechanisms in chronic active hepatitis (CAH) and primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC)? A hypothesis.

CAH and PBC are more common in females than in males. The age distribution and some symptoms indicate a poor or declining function of the corpus luteum. Many estrogens induce hepatic functional disturbances and may bind covalently to hepatic proteins. Bile acid formation and steroid hydroxylation are genetically controlled; many enzymes involved are stimulated by progesterone and possibly by glucocorticoids. A pathological bile might damage periportal hepatocytes in CAH and bile ducts in PBC. Toxic and/or immunological mechanisms might be involved. Disturbed secretion or effects of female sex steroids, glucocorticoids, adrenal or ovarian androgens, thyroid hormones, growth hormone and prolactin and pineal melatonin at the hepatic level and/or by altering the patient's general mode of immunological response, may influence the course of CAH and PBC. The sex distribution and familial crowding of these diseases might be due to genetically controlled endocrine and metabolic disturbances possibly responsive to therapeutic interventions other than those commonly used at present.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1978

Liver size and indices of drug metabolism in alcoholics.

The role of liver size in drug metabolism was investigated in 34 chronic alcoholics and 28 controls by comparing antipyrine half-life with biopsy content and total amount of hepatic cytochrome P-450 (P-450) and liver weight. Liver size was significantly greater in alcoholics than in controls. Total P-450 was increased and antipyrine metabolism was enhanced in alcoholics with normal histology of the liver. In subjects with alcoholic hepatitis or cirrhosis, the antipyrine half-life was prolonged and P-450 was decreased. Alcoholics with fatty liver had a reduced P-450 content, but the total amount of P-450 and the antipyrine half-life were normal. The results demonstrate in alcoholics that an enlarged liver of normal histological appearance is associated with enhanced drug metabolism. In subjects with fatty liver the drug metabolizing capacity per unit weight of liver is often impaired, but the increase in liver size leads to undisturbed total oxidizing capacity and normal in vivo metabolism. In alcoholic hepatitis drug metabolism is impaired in spite of hepatomegaly. In cirrhosis the enlargement of the liver appears to compensate for the decreased P-450 content resulting in only slightly decreased total P-450, and the severly impaired in vivo drug metabolism may be due to derangement of blood flow.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Drug metabolism in man: in vivo and in vitro correlations.

In man the liver drug metabolizing ability may be determined by assaying drug kinetics after its administration or by measuring activity of drug metabolizing enzymes from liver biopsies. Little is known about the relationship between these parameters. We investigated the problem by determining in vivo (antipyrine kinetics) and in vitro (cytochrome P-450) indices of drug metabolism in 150 consecutive patients with diagnostic liver biopsy. In patients with normal liver histology cytochrome P-450 content ranged 10.3 umole/g and the half-life 9.5 hrs. In general, alterations in liver histology were related to the changes in drug metabolism; the patients with severe changes had prolonged half-life and low cytochrome P-450, whereas the changes in those with slight parenchymal alterations were less pronounced. The relationship between in vivo and in vitro drug metabolism was non-linear in the whole material, and linear when comparing severe ill patients with controls or in subjects with closely equal liver histology. The results emphasize the importance of evaluating the liver histology when investigating in vivo and in vitro drug metabolism in man.

Antipyrine↗
PubMed1978

Drug metabolism in epileptics: in vivo and in vitro correlations.

1. The effect of inducing drug therapy on the relationship between in vitro (cytochrome P-450 content) and in vivo (antipyrine kinetics) was investigated by comparing eleven consecutively treated epileptics with two groups of controls, eleven subjects with normal liver histology and eleven disease matched non-epileptics, all underwent diagnostice liver biopsy. 2. The epileptics had significantly higher cytochrom P-450 level in biopsies and they also metabolized antipyrine faster than the controls. 3. Decrease in antipyrine half-life in epileptics was related with alterations in liver histology, whereas the level of cytochrome P-450 was not. 4. There was a linear relationship between these two indices of enzyme induction when regressed on logarithmic data.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Effects of medroxyprogesterone on the liver function and drug metabolism of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis and chronic active hepatitis.

Effects of medroxyprogesterone acetate on the clinical course of six patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) and chronic active hepatitis (CAH) were investigated. The response in all subjects was good; the subjective symptoms decreased, the liver function tests showed a tendency towards normal values. Furthermore, the levels of serum antibodies declined and the hepatic metabolic ability, as tested by serum albumin levels and indices of drug metabolism, improved. The beneficial influence of progesterone on the patients may be due to the immunosuppressive effect and enhancement of protein synthesis. The results suggest that medroxyprogesterone may be a valuable alternative for patients with autoimmune liver disease, particularly in cases developing resistance or undesirable reactions to the previous therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Serum zinc and serum copper and indices of drug metabolism in alcoholics.

Serum zinc and copper levels were studied in relation to in vitro and in vivo drug metabolism in 25 alcoholics, in whom various diseases of the liver had been diagnosed by histology. Serum zinc was elevated in alcoholics with normal or fatty liver and was low in those with alcoholic hepatitis or cirrhosis. There was a significant positive correlation between serum zinc and cytochrome P-450 content of liver biopsies. The relationship between zinc and antipyrine half-life was significant and non-linear. Serum copper level was elevated in all the alcoholics and no significant relationship could be found between copper and drug metabolism in alcoholics. The findings suggest parallelism between changes in serum zinc and indices of drug metabolism in alcoholics.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Morphological findings in joint cartilage after osmic acid treatment.

Punch biopsy specimens from the cartilage of the lateral condyle of the femur in 29 patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis were taken during surgical synovectomy of knee joints and investigated by light or electron microscopy. Eleven patients had never received osmic acid injections in this particular joint, whereas 18 had had such injections 1-24 months prior to surgery. By light microscopy only minor differences could be seen between controls and cartilage treated with osmic acid, whereas with electron microscopy, increased amounts of dark-staining cell debris were visible in samples taken after osmic acid treatment. The perilacunar matrix appeared normal. There was no irregularity of collagen fibres at the surface of the cartilage. It is concluded that osmic acid causes limited superficial damage to the cartilage. The question whether this is of any clinical consequence in the form of subsequent degenerative joint disease, must be solved by clinical follow-up studies.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗