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Biomedical subjects

J Adler

Publications and source records attributed to J Adler.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Dirofilaria ursi-like parasites acquired by humans in the northern United States and Canada: report of two cases and brief review.

Two cases of subcutaneous dirofilariasis acquired in Ontario and Vermont are reported. The parasites in these and eight cases previously reported from the northern United States and Canada are classified as resembling Dirofilaria ursi, a primarily subcutaneous parasite of bears, or D. subdermata of porcupines, in the same region. A distinguishing morphological feature of the D. ursi-like group is the presence of distinct longitudinal cuticular ridges regularly and widely spaced on the outer surface, and usually evident even when the worms are necrotic. In the 10 known cases, all patients were women, and the usual location of nodules containing the worms was the scalp or a covered part of the upper body where blackflies, the intermediate hosts of D. ursi, normally feed.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Ergometer modification for combined arm-leg use by lower extremity amputees in cardiovascular testing and training.

A commercial arm-leg ergometer was adapted so that combined bilateral arm-single leg work could be performed by unilateral lower extremity amputees from their own wheelchairs. Three middle-aged to elderly unilateral amputees performed progressive discontinuous bilateral arm crank and combined bilateral arm-single leg cycle exercise tests on the same air-braked ergometer adapted for either form of ergometry. Select amputees may achieve greater peak oxygen uptakes (VO2), power outputs (PO), and heart rates (HR) during combined bilateral arm-single leg cycle testing versus bilateral arm crank testing. Following 14 weeks of combined arm-leg training on the modified ergometer, a 73-year-old above-knee amputee demonstrated peak VO2 and PO increases of 25% (+3.8 mL X kg-1 X min-1) and 33% (+25W) respectively. Combined arm-leg ergometry as described herein may activate the largest available muscle mass and elicit the greatest oxygen uptake during exercise testing. In addition this exercise modality may simultaneously condition the arms and leg, providing functional gains in both wheelchair propulsion and prosthetic ambulation.

Amputees↗
PubMed1986

Computed tomography of acute cervical spine tendinitis.

The authors present the first case of acute calcific tendinitis of the neck seen on computed tomography. Although clinical presentation and routine radiographs suggested the diagnosis, computed tomography established it by illustrating calcification of the longus colli muscle that was not seen on the radiographs. The illustrations and interesting aspects of the case are described.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1986

Naltrexone and Alzheimer's disease.

Naltrexone, an oral opiate antagonist, was administered to nine patients with a diagnosis of Alzheimer's-type dementia (ATD) in a two-phase design: an open dose-ranging phase and a double-blind placebo-controlled trial for patients who showed improvement during the open phase. After a three day placebo (baseline) period, patients received increasing doses of naltrexone over two weeks up to a maximum daily dose of 100 mg. Assessments were made at baseline and at daily dose of 5 mg, 50 mg and 100 mg. Testing was done 2 to 4 hours after medication was administered. Any patient who showed cognitive/behavioral improvement on a given dose of naltrexone was then treated with this dosage in a double-blind crossover comparison to placebo. Criteria for inclusion in the double-blind phase consisted of improvement on three behavioral scales and at least one cognitive test on a given dose of naltrexone. Each double-blind phase followed a one-week washout and was two weeks long. Two of the nine patients demonstrated apparent cognitive enhancement on 100 mg daily of naltrexone and were then tested in the double-blind crossover period. Only one of these patients improved during active naltrexone administration. We conclude that the opiate antagonist naltrexone in a dosage range of 5-100 mg daily is not efficacious in ATD.

Alzheimer Disease↗
PubMed1986

Primary and adjunctive intra-arterial digital subtraction arteriography of the lower extremities.

Standard contrast arteriography (SCA) and intra-arterial digital subtraction arteriography (DSA) were performed during a 26-month period in 459 cases. The DSA group consisted of 22 aortoiliac studies, 66 crural-pedal arch studies, and 227 combinations. In addition, postoperative DSA was performed in 42 patients to evaluate graft patency, morphology, and inflow and runoff circulations. There were no significant differences in the quality of the preoperative aortoiliac studies performed by either SCA or DSA although, in select cases, one or the other of these techniques resulted in a superior study. Distal crural-pedal arch visualization was enhanced with DSA compared with SCA (85% vs. 65%) but when both were compared with their corresponding intraoperative completion arteriograms, the interpretive error rates resulted in comparable accuracies, false positive and negative rates, and predictive values. The likelihood of achieving graft patency in patients who have unsatisfactory preoperative visualization of the distal circulation by DSA is reasonable (11 of 27 patients) but inferior to the number obtained when there is adequate DSA visualization (40 of 53 patients). We conclude that DSA is a valuable adjunct to preoperative SCA but should not be used as the sole criterion for the assessment of operability for limb salvage. Intraoperative prereconstruction arteriography or direct surgical exploration of the crural arteries in patients with inadequate preoperative visualization will result in graft patency in a significant percentage of cases. Intra-arterial DSA for postoperative evaluation of lower limb bypass adds another dimension to analysis of graft structure and status of the host circulatory beds and also provides a method for accurate interpretation of postoperative data.

Angiography↗
PubMed1985

Fusion of bacterial spheroplasts by electric fields.

Spheroplasts of Escherichia coli or Salmonella typhimurium were found to fuse in an electric field. We employed the fusion method developed by Zimmermann and Scheurich (1981): Close membrane contact between cells is established by dielectrophoresis (formation of chains of cells by an a.c. field), then membrane fusion is induced by the application of short pulses of direct current. Under optimum conditions the fusion yield was routinely 90%. Fusable spheroplasts were obtained by first growing filamentous bacteria in the presence of cephalexin, then converting these to spheroplasts by the use of lysozyme. The fusion products were viable and regenerated to the regular bacterial form. Fusion of genetically different spheroplasts resulted in strains of bacteria possessing a combination of genetic markers. Fusion could not be achieved with spheroplasts obtained by growing the cells in the presence of penicillin or by using lysozyme on bacteria of usual size.

Calcium↗
PubMed1985

Giant vascular malformation of the kidney: computed tomographic and angiographic appearances.

Two cases of giant vascular malformation of the kidney demonstrated by computed tomography and angiography are presented. The vascular malformations form completely outside the kidney. They arise from the renal parenchyma, simulating renal cyst, and present as a renal pelvic mass causing hydronephrosis. The finding of a renal mass with a markedly and uniformly contrast enhancement demonstrated by computed tomography should suggest the possibility of a vascular malformation.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Cell envelopes of chemotaxis mutants of Escherichia coli rotate their flagella counterclockwise.

Flagella rotated exclusively counterclockwise in Escherichia coli cell envelopes prepared from wild-type cells, whose flagella rotated both clockwise and counterclockwise, from mutants rotating their flagella counterclockwise only, and even from mutants rotating their flagella primarily clockwise. Some factor needed for clockwise flagellar rotation appeared to be missing or defective in the cell envelopes.

Chemotaxis↗
PubMed1985

Adventitial cystic disease of the popliteal artery: failure of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty as a therapeutic modality.

Adventitial cystic disease of the popliteal artery is an important cause of peripheral vascular insufficiency in the young and middle-aged man. The pathologic feature is a mucinous cyst located within the adventitia of the artery that expands and secondarily compromises the vessel lumen. Although physiologically quite different, this process is easily mistaken for arteriosclerosis. The clinical history of sudden claudication in a young nonsmoking man, combined with characteristic angiographic features, are important clues to the correct underlying pathology. Treatment generally consists of cyst evacuation or local bypass. This article was prompted by the failure of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty to achieve durable success in controlling this unique type of arterial disease. Subsequent surgical intervention proved satisfactory, lending support to this modality as the treatment of choice.

Angioplasty, Balloon↗
PubMed1984

"Macro" aneurysm in renal angiomyolipoma: two cases, with therapeutic embolization in one patient.

Two young women with renal angiomyolipomas (AML) containing solitary large aneurysms are presented. In both patients AML was complicated by life-threatening hemorrhage. In the first case a parenchymal sparing procedure was undertaken (heminephrectomy). The second case was treated with interventional radiologic techniques with excellent results despite inadvertent rupture of the aneurysm.

Adult↗