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Biomedical subjects

J Abe

Publications and source records attributed to J Abe.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Immunohistochemical study of fiber types in human extraocular muscles.

Fiber types in human extraocular muscle (h-EOM) were examined immunohistochemically with antibodies against slow tonic (anti-ALD) and slow twitch (anti-SOL) myosins. Four types of muscle fiber in h-EOM were distinguishable according to their reactivities with these antibodies. Groups 1 and 2 fibers reacted with both antibodies, group 1 fibers showing stronger reactivity than group 2 fibers with anti-ALD. Group 3 fibers reacted only with anti-SOL. Group 4 fibers did not react with either antibody. The latter were the most common, and were the main fibers in both the peripheral (outer orbital) and central zones of h-EOM. The next most common were group 1 fibers, which were located mainly in the peripheral layer. Group 2 fibers were less common, but were the second most common type in the central layer. Group 3 fibers were only minor constituents. Multiple innervations were observed in some fibers of groups 1 and 2, and group 1 fibers were suggested to be slow tonic myofibers in h-EOM. These specific immunohistochemical and physiological features of h-EOM seem to be the basis of the low morbidity seen in the usual types of muscular dystrophy.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

HLA class II (DR, DQ) in Japanese patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus.

DNA restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) typing of HLA-DR and DQ alleles of 60 Japanese type 1 (insulin dependent) diabetic patients and 115 controls was performed. RFLP typing of DRB1 showed increased frequency of DR9 and decreased frequencies of DR2 and DRW6 among patients compared to controls. In the RFLP typing of BamHI-digested DNA to DQ beta probe (BamHI-DQB1), the incidence of the 10.26 kb fragment, which represents either DQW4, DQW8 or DQW9, was markedly elevated in the patients, whereas the incidence of DQW6 was reduced. The predicted DR-DQ haplotype study revealed that DR4-DQW4 or DQW8, DRW8-DQW4 or DQW8 and DR9-DQW9 may contribute to susceptibility to type 1 diabetes. When serological typing of the 13 DRW8 patients was performed, all the 11 DRW8 patients carrying DQW4 or DQW8 (BamHI-10.26 kb) were positive for DQW3. These results indicated that the HLA-DQ locus may play an important role in the development of type 1 diabetes in the Japanese as well as other ethnic groups and that the DRW8-DQW8 haplotype may predispose to the disease in Japan.

Alleles↗
PubMed1990

Prevention of immunological disorders in MRL/l mice by a new synthetic analogue of vitamin D3: 22-oxa-1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3.

We examined the immunoregulating effect of 22-oxa-1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (22-oxa-1 alpha,25(OH)2D3), a synthetic analogue of vitamin D3 with an oxygen atom at C22 in the side chain skeleton, on spontaneously developing autoimmune disorders in MRL/Mp-lpr/lpr (MRL/l) mice. The oral administration of the compound significantly prolonged the average life span of the mice and showed a significant reduction in proteinuria. Histopathological investigations also revealed that pathological conditions such as renal arteritis, granuloma or arthritis of the knee joints were much lighter in the treated group than in the untreated group. Furthermore, the lymphocyte phenotypes in thymus, lymphnode, and spleen were partially normalized and became similar to those found in young control animals by the treatment with 22-oxa-1 alpha,25(OH)2D3. These results suggest that this compound inhibits the development of lupus nephritis in MRL/l mice and may be therapeutically effective on the mice.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Time-course of changes in alveolar bone surrounding and vascular system of molars of rats fed a high-protein low-calcium diet].

The purpose of this study was to demonstrate changes in alveolar bone surrounding and blood vessels in the molar teeth of rats fed a high-protein low-calcium diet for various periods of time. Five-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were used. Control rats were given a normal diet; whereas the experimental rats were fed a high-protein low-calcium diet for 3, 5, 7, 10, 14, 18 or 21 days. Samples were observed by means of light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, and the following results were obtained. 1. The changes appeared earlier in the dental alveolus than in the diaphysis of the femur. 2. Early changes in the alveolus were observed clearly in the 7-day experimental group. 3. Bone resorption progressed mesio-distally and cervically from spongy bone with the passage of time, and severe osteoporosis was observed in the 18-day experimental group. 4. An enlarged marrow cavity caused by bone resorption was observed, but the height and overall shape of the alveolar bone showed no changes, indicating the continuance of its support function. 5. The architecture of blood vessels in the bone marrow changed its form gradually from 7-day experimental diet and the vessels appeared to have been functioning like a cushion against mastication or physiological force acting on bone. 6. The vessels in the periodontal membrane exhibited characteristic changes in the cervical and apical resins of the membrane as bone resorption proceeded and changes in vessels in the bone marrow also progressed, and the vessels showed a relatively dense distribution there.

Alveolar Bone Loss↗
PubMed1990

[Perinatal brain injuries and subsequent epilepsy: a study on intraventricular hemorrhage in preterm infants and hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy in full-term infants].

The clinical course of symptomatic epilepsy caused by intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) in 7 preterm infants and hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) in 9 full-term infants were followed up for more than 2 years and 6 months. West syndrome was the first manifestation of epilepsy in 10 cases (IVH: 4, HIE: 6), and all 16 patients had severe neuropsychiatric deficits. Comparing with children without epilepsy, IVH grades III and IV, mechanical ventilation for more than 6 days and neonatal convulsions in the patients with IVH, and mechanical ventilation and neonatal convulsions in the patients with HIE, were significantly related to the risk of subsequent epilepsy. These findings suggest that the degree of brain injuries may be predictive of the development of epilepsy during infancy and early childhood in the patients with IVH or HIE.

Brain Ischemia↗
PubMed1990

[Chronological change of EEG findings in a case of pyridoxine dependency seizures].

A patient of pyridoxine dependent seizures was reported. He was born at 34 weeks' gestation and weighted 2,760 g. Apgar scores were 6 and 9 at 1 and 5 minutes, respectively. He showed the first seizure 2 hours after his birth. Phenobarbital, phenytoin, sodium valproate, diazepam and clonazepam were not effective. Pyridoxal phosphate (50 mg) was given intravenously, resulting in suppression of convulsions. However, muscle tonus was severely depressed. In EEG, a discontinuous pattern was found in quiet and indeterminate sleep on the 2nd day of life. At 5th week multifocal spikes were found, and the discontinuous pattern persisted. Ictal discharges at 13th week showed generalized, continuous, irregular and high voltage slow waves with multifocal spikes. At 27th week of life, high voltage slow waves disappeared and multifocal spike discharges decreased. At 2 years and 10 months of age, the patient was suffering from athetotic cerebral palsy and severe mental retardation. Pyridoxal phosphate at the doses of 35-40 mg/kg/day had been administered. Irritability sometimes occurred and additional 50 mg of pyridoxal phosphate controlled this irritability effectively.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1989

Expression of intermediate filaments in malignant fibrous histiocytomas.

The expression of intermediate filaments (IFs) in 34 malignant fibrous histiocytomas (MFHs) was studied immunohistochemically and ultrastructurally. Using the avidin-biotin-peroxidase method, positive reactions were detected as follows: for desmin in 12 tumors, for neurofilament in two tumors, for cytokeratin in one tumor, and for vimentin in 30 tumors. Desmin immunoreactivity was found in tumors of all four histologic subtypes and cytokeratin immunoreactivity was found in one tumor of the myxoid type. Because of the cross-reactivity of anti-neurofilament antibody with reactive histiocytes, the immunoreactivity for neurofilament seemed to be non-specific. Ultrastructurally, five of 13 tumors studied contained some tumor cells showing myofibroblastic or smooth muscle cell differentiation. A few tumor cells in one cytokeratin-positive tumor had tonofilaments in their cytoplasm. Desmin expression in some MFHs seemed to be due to myofibroblastic or smooth muscle cell differentiation of some tumor cells. Cytokeratin expression seemed to indicate epithelial differentiation in some MFHs. This varied expression of IFs in MFHs may reflect the heterogeneous nature of MFHs, and suggests that MFHs represent the final stages of dedifferentiation of several different types of sarcomas or, alternatively, represent forms of poorly differentiated sarcoma with the potential of developing into more differentiated sarcomas of heterogeneous origin.

Actins↗
PubMed1989

Immunocytochemical characterization of lymphocyte development in human embryonic and fetal livers.

Lymphohemopoietic progenitor cells and the development of lymphocytes in human embryonic and fetal livers during the 4 to 11 weeks of gestation were examined immunocytochemically by using a panel of monoclonal antibodies. CD9+, CD10+, CD19+, and CD20+ cells of B cell lineage became detectable from the 8th gestational week. CD2+ and CD3+ cells of T cell lineage were observed from the 10th gestational week. Tdt+ cells first appeared on the 43rd day of gestation. Both CD34+ and Ia+ cells were observed in all examined livers, and these cells appeared morphologically as small lymphoid cells from the 43rd day of gestation. These seemed to suggest that B lymphocytes developed in fetal liver from 8 weeks of gestation and lymphohemopoietic progenitor cells were comprised in Tdt+ cells in liver during the 43rd to 56th day of gestation.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1989

Clinical and electroencephalographical follow-up study of early myoclonic encephalopathy.

We report a clinico-electroencephalographical follow-up study on a male patient with early myoclonic encephalopathy. Frequent massive and fragmentary myoclonic seizures, and myoclonic-clonic seizures were the initial symptoms at the age of 3 days. EEG revealed a suppression-burst pattern at the onset in which burst phases often coincided with myoclonic seizures. Subsequently, non-epileptic erratic myoclonus, various partial seizures and flexor spasms were observed. The partial seizures ceased at around 4 months of age, while the non-epileptic myoclonus and flexor spasms have persisted beyond the age of 6 months. The EEG pattern evolved into atypical hypsarhythmia at two months of age. No specific biochemical or neuroradiological findings were disclosed. His neuropsychiatric development was arrested from the onset. These observations suggest that early myoclonic encephalopathy is an independent epileptic syndrome and that it might be different from early-infantile epileptic encephalopathy described by Ohtahara.

Anticonvulsants↗
PubMed1989

Pena-Shokeir I syndrome: a comparative pathological study.

A case of Pena-Shokeir I syndrome in a female neonate is reported. The baby died of respiratory insufficiency shortly after birth. Postmortem examination revealed marked pulmonary hypoplasia and microscopic abnormalities of the hypoglossal nucleus and anterior horn cells in spinal cord. A comparative study with respect to hypoglossal nucleus disclosed the possibility of hypoplasia of the hypoglossal nucleus as part of this syndrome. This finding led us to propose that hypoplasia of the nucleus is one of the causes of polyhydramnios, based on the lack of swallowing activity. Moreover, ectopic cross-striated muscle fibers and an increase of muscle spindles were noted in tongue. The findings, particularly the neuropathologic one, provide further insight into the pathogenesis of the syndrome.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1989

A synthetic analogue of vitamin D3, 22-oxa-1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, is a potent modulator of in vivo immunoregulating activity without inducing hypercalcemia in mice.

The in vivo immunoregulating activity and the hypercalcemic action of 4 synthetic analogues of vitamin D3 with an oxygen atom in the side chain were compared with those of 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1 alpha,25(OH)2D3] in mice. Oral administration of these vitamin D3 compounds augmented the primary immune response, induced by immunization with a suboptimal number of sheep erythrocytes, without inducing hypercalcemia. The order of the in vivo potency to induce the immune response was 22-oxa-1 alpha,25(OH)2D3 greater than 1 alpha,25(OH)2D3 not equal to 20-oxa-1 alpha,25(OH)2D3 not equal to 22-oxa-1 alpha(OH)D3 greater than 1 alpha(OH)D3 not equal to 20-oxa-1 alpha(OH)D3. 22-Oxa-1 alpha,25(OH)2D3 was about 50 times more potent than 1 alpha,25(OH)2D3 in inducing the in vivo primary immune response, but the former was only 1/100 as active as the latter in inducing hypercalcemia. These results suggest that the immunoregulating activity of vitamin D compounds can be separated structurally from their hypercalcemic action in vivo.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Resistance to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 of cultured psoriatic epidermal keratinocytes isolated from involved and uninvolved skin.

1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25-(OH)2D3], a hormonally active form of vitamin D3, has been reported to stimulate epidermal differentiation and to be an effective treatment of psoriatic lesions. We studied the responsiveness of psoriatic epidermal keratinocytes to 1,25-(OH)2D3 in explant-outgrowth cultures of involved and uninvolved skin from six patients with psoriasis. A feeder layer was required for outgrowth of psoriatic epidermal keratinocytes of involved skin, but not for that of cells of uninvolved skin. The growth of normal epidermal keratinocytes was inhibited by 1,25-(OH)2D3, and the number of DNA-synthesizing cells, determined in autoradiographs, was reduced to about 15% of that in control cultures by 1 nmol/L 1,25-(OH)2D3 (0.4 ng/mL). Epidermal keratinocytes isolated from both involved and uninvolved skin of patients with psoriasis were resistant, and 100-fold more 1,25-(OH)2D3 was required to inhibit their DNA synthesis. These results afford new insight into the etiology and therapy of psoriasis.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Effect of high protein low calcium diet on rat alveolus. 7-day diet].

Changes in the bone tissue and the blood vessels in the rat alveolus induced by feeding with a high protein low calcium diet for 7 days were observed by means of light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Almost no difference was observed between the control group and the experimental group in the rat femur. However, in the alveolar bone resorption was observed with the appearance of osteoclasts and the enlargement of osteocyte lacunae. The blood vessels in bone marrow spaces showed alternation of their form from straight to slightly ortuous, diverged more frequently and, as a whole, formed a large loop. The vessels ran up and down adjacent to the side wall of the alveolar bone. In the interalveolar septum, ladder-shaped trabeculae and vessels running along them were observed. The present study clearly shows that a high protein low calcium diet affects the alveolar bone in rats, even when given for a short period of 7 days.

Alveolar Bone Loss↗
PubMed1989

[Long-term post-treatment observation of a case with orthodontic treatment using occipito-mental anchorage only].

Occipito-mental anchorage (OMA) was used in a skeletal class III case with maxillary retrognathism. Long term observation of the patient post treatment revealed the following: 1. The facial profile was improved gradually until the end of treatment: but by 5 years after treatment, it had become slightly worse. 2. Improvement was seen in the maxillomandible relationship owing to the continuous slight advancement of the maxilla and the inhibition of the advancement of the mandible. And this relationship also showed long-term stability after treatment. Hardly any rotation of the mandible was found during the treatment. But clockwise rotation of the palatal plane during treatment and counterclockwise rotation after treatment were observed. 3. Regarding dental changes, labial inclination of upper incisors and lingual inclination of lower incisors owing to the improvement of overjet were seen during treatment. But they reverted to almost the same inclinations seen at the first examination by 5 years after treatment.

Child↗
PubMed1989

[A case of MELAS (mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes) with progressive cytochrome c oxidase deficiency].

We report a 9 year-old boy with MELAS. High dosed oral thiamine administration and high fat diet induced remarkable neurological and biochemical improvement. His mother had episodic headaches and hemiplegia, probably MELAS. He complained muscle weakness and repeated episodes of vomiting started from 2 years of age. High levels of serum lactate and pyruvate were recognized, but with no metabolic acidosis. He developed generalized muscle weakness, growth retardation, generalized convulsions and stroke-like episodes at 5 years old. Optic nerve atrophy and mental retardation gradually appeared. A muscle biopsy at 5 years old revealed numerous ragged-red fibers with excess accumulation of lipid droplets and glycogen particles. Scattered fibers had no cytochrome c oxidase (CCO) activity representing focal CCO deficiency. An electron microscopy showed markedly increased number of giant mitochondria filled with markedly proliferated complicated cristae. Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex level in the fibroblasts was within normal ranges. Serum carnitine level was normal. With oral administration of thiamine hydrochloride (1000 mg) and high fat diet (60-70%), muscle weakness improved, and lactate and pyruvate levels in the serum reduced to normal ranges, whereas the mental deterioration, muscle atrophy, pes cavus progressed very slowly. He died from cardiac and renal failures at 9 years old. Autopsied muscles showed a marked decrease in cytochrome c oxidase activity (biochemically 12.8% of the normal level), and almost all muscle fibers had no cytochrome c oxidase activity histochemically. The progression of the MELAS was probably in parallel with the decrease in CCO activity.

Acidosis, Lactic↗
PubMed1989

Morphological and immunocytochemical examinations on development of B-cells in human embryonic and fetal liver.

Morphological characteristics of B cell in human embryonic and fetal livers during the first trimester of gestation were examined. Light microscopically, CD9+, CD10+, CD19+, and CD20+ cells of B cell lineage became detectable as small lymphoid cells from 8 weeks gestation. Tdt+ cells first appeared also as small lymphoid cells on the 43th day of gestation. Ia+ or CD34+ cells in embryonic livers between the 33th and 43th day of gestation were large blastic cells resembling myeloblasts while some of Ia+ or CD34+ cells after the 43th day of gestation as well as Tdt+ cells were similar to lymphocytes. Electron-microscopically, all Ia+, CD10+, and CD19+ cells existed solitarily in intercellular spaces of hepatocytes, but not in intravascular spaces. Ultrastructural aspects of these cells were distinguishable each other. These findings indicate that 1) B cells developed and differentiated in the fetal liver, but the fetal liver during the first trimester was not a lymphoid organ, 2) lymphohemopoietic progenitor cells were derived from Tdt+ cells in the livers between 43th and 56th day of gestation. Ia+ cells detected as a small lymphoid cell in the liver at the 50th day were considered to be progenitor cells of lymphocytic lineage.

B-Lymphocytes↗
PubMed1989

[Cockayne syndrome: siblings with different ultraviolet sensitivity and early onset of manifestations].

Siblings of Cockayne syndrome were reported. Both of them had characteristic manifestation of Cockayne syndrome. A 4-year-old boy had been noted to have irritability and nystagmus from the 6th day of his life, and his elder sister, 8 years old, had been diagnosed as cerebral palsy at the age of 6 months. The elder sister lacked photosensitivity clinically. The proband was more severely affected than his elder sister on both cerebral CT-scan and electrophysiological studies. Reduced colony forming ability after ultraviolet exposure is currently considered to be the primary abnormality in Cockayne syndrome. The cells originating from the boy had moderately reduced colony forming ability after ultraviolet irradiation, whereas the cells from his elder sister showed mildly reduced colony forming ability. There may be some relationship between the severity of the symptoms and the colony forming ability. There is a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations in Cockayne syndrome. Further investigations are necessary to clarify the relationship between the cytological abnormalities of Cockayne syndrome and its neurological manifestations.

Child↗