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Biomedical subjects

J Abdulkadir

Publications and source records attributed to J Abdulkadir.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

The clinical and hormonal (C-peptide and glucagon) profile and liability to ketoacidosis during nutritional rehabilitation in Ethiopian patients with malnutrition-related diabetes mellitus.

Cases of malnutrition-related diabetes mellitus conforming to the description of the protein deficient pancreatic diabetes type in Ethiopian patients were compared with Type 1 (insulin-dependent) and Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic. Fourteen of 39 malnutrition-related diabetes mellitus patients had fat malabsorption compared with only two of ten Type 1 diabetic patients and one of nine control subjects. Xylose absorption was normal favouring a pancreatic cause for the malabsorption. Plasma C-peptide during oral glucose tolerance test was significantly lower than that in Type 2 diabetic patients and normal control subjects (p less than 0.01 to 0.001) and was also consistently but not significantly higher than in Type 1 diabetic patients. Glucagon secretion patterns were similar in malnutrition-related and Type 1 diabetic patients. Of 23 new malnutrition-related diabetic patients treated with glibenclamide after nutritional rehabilitation and insulin treatment, only three responded, 14 were unresponsive but remained ketosis free for over eight days while another six developed ketoacidosis or significant ketonuria within two to six days during the trial. Sixteen unselected Type 1 diabetic patients who discontinued their insulin therapy all developed frank ketoacidosis after a mean of 5.5 days. The similarity of the malnutrition-related and Type 1 diabetes mellitus in age of onset, insulin requirement for diabetic control and appearance of ketosis-proneness in some cases, together with the similarity of C-peptide and glucagon secretion patterns suggest that the protein deficient pancreatic diabetes variant of malnutrition-related diabetes mellitus may be Type 1 diabetes mellitus modified by the background of malnutrition rather than an aetiologically separate entity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Normal thyroid function values in Ethiopians.

Thyroid function values were determined in 56 healthy nongoitrous adult Ethiopians. The mean triiodothyronine (T3) values for 20 males and 36 females were 1.42 +/- 0.32 nmol/L and 1.51 +/- 0.25 nmol/L, and thyroxine (T4) values were 119 22 nmol/L and 116 +/- 21 nmol/L respectively. The mean thyrotropin (TSH) values for males and females were identical at 1.85 +/- 0.94 mu/L. Radioactive iodine uptake (RAIU) at 2 hours was 8.6 +/- 4.4% in males and 11.3 +/- 4.3% in females, and at 24 hours 31.7 +/- 11.7% and 38.9 +/- 11.1% respectively. The differences between males and females were significant at both 2 and 24 hours (P less than 0.05). The ranges for the 3 hormones derived from the mean 2SD values are close to those supplied with the kits but the Ethiopian RAIU values are higher than the values currently applicable in developed countries, probably indicative of the lower level of dietary iodine available to the population here. The values obtained in this study are offered to serve as normal reference for the interpretation of thyroid function results in Ethiopian patients. A strategy for the rational utilization of the available in vivo [corrected] tests is suggested.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Study of family history among parents and siblings of Ethiopian diabetics: a preliminary report.

218 diabetic probands and 300 non-diabetic controls were interviewed for history of diabetes mellitus in their parents and siblings. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus among blood relatives of probands and controls differed significantly. The study also showed that NIDDM probands had more positive family history of diabetes than IDDM ones. The overall findings of this study indicated that heredity has an important role in the genesis of diabetes mellitus in Ethiopian diabetics.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

HLA-DR and -DQ antigens in malnutrition-related diabetes mellitus in Ethiopians: a clue to its etiology?

Thirty Ethiopian malnutrition-related diabetes mellitus (MRDM) patients were HLA typed and their HLA antigen frequencies were compared to those of 31 previously typed insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) patients and to 84 controls from the same ethnic background. In comparison to controls, a striking association between MRDM and HLA-DR3 (X2 = 15.15, p = 0.0001) was observed, whereas the frequency of HLA-DR4 was non-significantly increased (RR = 1.72). The frequency of DR2, DQw1, and DQw6 was decreased among MRDM. In comparison to IDDM that is associated with both DR3 and DR4 in this population, MRDM showed no significant differences in HLA class II antigens frequencies. Therefore, the genetic basis of susceptibility to MRDM and IDMM in Ethiopia is at least partially identical.

Diabetes Mellitus↗
PubMed1989

Light and electron microscopic changes in sural nerves in Ethiopian diabetics.

The light and electron microscopic morphological changes in sural nerve biopsies from 32 Ethiopian diabetics and 4 malnourished non-diabetic subjects were studied in order to determine the role of malnutrition in the development of diabetic neuropathy. The most prominent finding in diabetics with clinical neuropathy was reduction in the density of myelinated axons of all diameters especially the large ones. Affected nerves showed abundant intraneural collagen, and evidence of nerve regeneration in some cases. Demyelination, though present, was less marked. Changes in the vasa nervorum were seen in only one case. The morphological changes correlated with the duration and severity of the diabetes and with nerve conduction velocity. No changes were seen in malnourished non-diabetics and diabetics without clinical neuropathy, thus suggesting that malnutrition by itself does not contribute significantly to the development of diabetic neuropathy. Axonal degeneration appears to be the predominant feature in diabetic neuropathy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Insulin-dependent ketosis-resistant diabetes in Ethiopia.

Anthropometric, clinical and biochemical findings were compared in 30 rural (group A), 18 urban insulin-requiring (group B) and 45 urban oral-agent-responsive (group C) newly diagnosed diabetics. Mean ages at onset were 28.3 +/- 12.0, 25.6 +/- 14.5 and 42.1 +/- 10.5 years respectively. The differences between A and C and between B and C were significant. Group A were poor and malnourished, with body mass index (BMI) 15.9 +/- 1.9 and 17.2 +/- 3.7 kg/m2 for males and females respectively, presented with a long history of classical diabetes without ketoacidosis and required insulin in modest doses. 3 of 10 cases had excess stool fat but none of 13 unselected cases had pancreatic calcification. Group C were better nourished, with BMI 22.6 +/- 2.8 and 22.4 +/- 4.5 kg/m2, and responded to oral agents. Group B, with BMI 17.2 +/- 2.6 and 18.6 +/- 3.1 kg/m2, required insulin for control but had C-peptide levels above 0.02 nmol/1 in 10 of 15 cases. Anthropometric indices for males, but not for females, were significantly lower in group A than in group B or C. There were significant differences in levels of glucose between A and B and A and C, free fatty acids between A and C and B and C, insulin between A and B and A and C and C-peptide between A and C and B and C. Of the 3 groups the rural type most closely resembled the tropical variants.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Limited finger joint mobility in insulin-dependent and non-insulin-dependent Ethiopian diabetics.

The prevalence of limited joint mobility (LJM) was studied in 110 insulin-dependent (IDDM) and 190 non-insulin-dependent (NIDDM) consecutive Ethiopian African diabetics and 300 age- and sex-matched controls at the Tikur Anbassa Teaching Hospital in Addis Ababa over a period of 18 months. Mean ages +/- S.D. of the IDDM, NIDDM, and controls were 35 +/- 9.9, 49.4 +/- 12.0, and 43.3 +/- 14.0 years, respectively. LJM was found in 44.5% of IDDM, 25.3% of NIDDM, and 6.7% of controls, being significantly commoner in IDDM than NIDDM (p less than 0.001) and in the diabetics than in controls (p less than 0.001). In IDDM those with LJM were significantly younger (p less than 0.05), had a higher prevalence of median fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels of 15 mmol/l and above (p less than 0.01), and retinopathy (p less than 0.05), but did not differ from those without LJM in duration of diabetes, or prevalence of neuropathy and nephropathy. In NIDDM those with LJM had a significantly longer duration of diabetes (p less than 0.005) and a higher prevalence of nephropathy (p less than 0.005), but did not differ from those without LJM in age at onset of diabetes, prevalence of neuropathy, and retinopathy or median FBG level.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Neuropathy in Ethiopian diabetics: a correlation of clinical and nerve conduction studies.

A clinical and electrophysiological study of neuropathy in 215 unselected Ethiopian diabetics and 100 healthy controls was carried out at the Tikur Ambassa Teaching Hospital, Addis Ababa. The prevalence in diabetics was 54%, in controls 8%. The prevalence was significantly related to the duration of diabetes: 42%, 60% and 80% for a duration of respectively less than 5 years, 5 to 14 years, and 15 years and longer. There was no relationship of the prevalence to age. Diabetics with retinopathy (15%), nephropathy (12%) and liver cirrhosis (13%) had prevalences of respectively 70%, 76% and 71%; much higher figures than in patients without these complications. A higher prevalence of neuropathy was detected by nerve conduction studies than by clinical methods. The mean conduction velocity diminished in direct relation to the duration of the diabetes. The prevalence of neuropathy in our patients is similar to the prevalence reported from other countries in Africa. Poor nutritional background, inadequate control of the diabetes and the high prevalence of associated diseases such as liver cirrhosis may be partly responsible for the high prevalences of neuropathy in African diabetics.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Thyrotoxicosis in Ethiopian patients--a prospective study.

Forty-six cases of thyrotoxicosis, 8 males and 38 females, were seen over a period of two years from March 1979. There were 19 cases of toxic multinodular goitre, 22 of Graves' disease, four of toxic adenoma and one of subacute thyroiditis. The median age of those with toxic multinodular goitre was 49 and of those with Graves' disease was 30 years. The five most common symptoms were sweating/heat intolerance (82.6%), weight loss (82.6%), palpitations (82.6%), nervousness and irritability (73.9%) and insomnia (69.6%). Six of 24 non-pregnant females of child-bearing age had menstrual disturbances. The five most common signs were goitre (97.8%), tachycardia (100.0%), sweating (84.7%), and fine finger and tongue tremors (89.1%). Among the 22 cases of Graves' disease, 13 (59.1%) had exophthalmos and 4 (18.2%) had pretibial myxoedema. Treatment with propylthiouracil or carbimazole was effective in controlling the thyrotoxicosis. Granulocytopenia developed in two cases and skin allergy in one other, necessitating use of alternative treatment. Seven cases had subtotal thyroidectomy after preparation with antithyroid drugs or propranolol and Lugol's iodine.

Adolescent↗