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Biomedical subjects

J Abbott

Publications and source records attributed to J Abbott.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1966

The loss of phenotypic traits by differentiated cells. 3. The reversible behavior of chondrocytes in primary cultures.

Observations were made on the behavior of chondrocytes grown under various conditions in vitro. The chondrocytes in 10-day embryonic chick vertebrae were grown as cultures of intact vertebrae, as pellets of chondrocytes liberated from their matrix, and as monodispersed cells plated out on plasma clots. Cartilage matrix was stained metachromatically with toluidine blue. Radioautographs were made of incorporated H(3)-thymidine, H(3)-proline, and S(35)-sulfate to determine the extent of DNA synthesis, collagen synthesis, and chondroitin sulfate synthesis, respectively. Chondrocytes in intact vertebrae or in pellets are rounded and actively synthesizing chondroitin sulfate and collagen. There is little DNA synthesis by cells in either vertebrae or pellets. Chondrocytes grown as monodisperse cells rapidly cease synthesizing cytologically detectable chondroitin sulfate and are induced to synthesize DNA and divide. There is a change in the shape of these chondrocytes from a rounded to a more stellate condition which accompanies the shift in metabolic activity. Conversely, when the cells attain a certain cell density, they reacquire a rounded shape, cease dividing, and again synthesize chondroitin sulfate. Clusters of chondrocytes synthesize more chondroitin sulfate than isolated chondrocytes. It is concluded that most chondrocytes synthesizing chondroitin sulfate do not concurrently synthesize DNA. Interaction between associated chondrocytes is important in inducing and maintaining chondroitin sulfate synthesis in genetically determined chondrocytes. Failure of interaction between chondrocytes leads to DNA synthesis and cell multiplication.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pelvic pain: lessons from anatomy and physiology.

Pelvic pain is often a difficult differential diagnosis in the emergency department. For physiologic reasons, pain in the pelvis is difficult to localize to a specific organ, and pelvic peritonitis is hard to recognize. On the other hand, differences in types of pain can be very useful in arriving at a correct diagnosis. The clinician must learn to recognize superficial and deep somatic pain, and differentiate between various types of visceral pain which originate from inflammation, ischemia, or colic. A review of the anatomy and physiology of pelvic pain helps identify some of the problems as well as potential aids in approaching the patient with pelvic pain.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A simple sore throat? Retropharyngeal emphysema secondary to free-basing cocaine.

A case of retropharyngeal emphysema associated with drug abuse is presented. Although chest symptoms of pneumomediastinum have been widely reported with substance abuse, pain localized to the neck is rarely described. In the present case, localized dysphagia was the only complaint, and no free air could be demonstrated within the thorax. For uncomplicated cervical emphysema or pneumomediastinum due to substance abuse, extensive workup may be unnecessary, and conservative therapy, including administration of 100% oxygen and observation is recommended if resolution is prompt.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Childhood asthma knowledge among first year nursing students in three European cities.

BACKGROUND: There are no available studies that assess and compare knowledge of childhood asthma among subjects living in different European countries. The objective of this study was to determine knowledge of childhood asthma among first year nursing students during the first week of their training in three European countries. The participants' sources of information and other factors that might influence their asthma knowledge score (AKS) were also evaluated. METHODS: Cross-sectional design using a modified version of a previously validated questionnaire. The study was undertaken in 261 students in Cartagena (Spain), 202 in Manchester (UK) and 94 in Cologne (Germany). RESULTS: AKS (maximum score, 27) was significantly higher in students from Manchester (18.3 +/- 2.6) than in those from Cartagena (15.9 +/- 3.1) and Cologne (15.1 +/- 3.6). In all three cities, more than 70 % of the students answered 10 out of the 27 questions correctly. Knowledge of asthma relievers or preventers was very limited. AKS showed a positive but marginal correlation with student age (r = 0.11, p = 0.07). Only knowledge gained from personal experience was significantly associated (r = 0.27, p < 0.001) with AKS. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides valuable new information about the variations, sources and factors that influence knowledge of asthma among educated individuals living in three European countries. The better AKS of Manchester students might be due to the higher prevalence of asthma in the UK.

Allergy and Immunology↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Rupture of ectopic pregnancy after medical therapy with methotrexate: a case series.

Medical treatment of ectopic pregnancy with methotrexate has become the standard of care in many areas of the U.S. Rupture of ectopic pregnancy after medical treatment presents a diagnostic challenge to the Emergency Physician. We review a series of 11 patients with ectopic pregnancy treated with methotrexate who then required surgical treatment for rupture.

Abortifacient Agents, Nonsteroidal↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Potential added value of three-dimensional reconstruction and display of single photon emission computed tomographic gated blood pool images.

BACKGROUND: Single photon emission computed tomographic (SPECT) acquisition provides potential advantages for blood pool imaging. However, the method has been little applied. METHODS: An improved method of three-dimensional (3-D) reconstruction and display of SPECT equilibrium blood pool scintigrams and related phase data was developed. Dynamic slices and volume-rendered dynamic 3-D images were displayed. Images were viewed from each of 34 solid angles referenced to a sphere surrounding the reconstruction field. Each image pixel was "painted" with intensity-coded regional amplitude and color-coded for its phase angle. The method was applied to evaluate the cardiac anatomy, regional contraction, and related conduction sequence at rest in 17 patients. Twelve had normal left ventricular function including 7 patients with minimal septal preexcitation. Five patients had abnormal left ventricular function, including 2 with left bundle branch block. RESULTS: Slices contained all of the functional information, but necessary data integration was time-consuming and evaluation of chamber size and anatomy was difficult. Three-dimensional projection images condensed and integrated the data, presenting new vantage points on anatomy, contraction, and conduction not otherwise available in the clinically limited angulations of planar images. This provided excellent visual separation of cardiac chambers with full and increased visualization of right and left ventricular wall motion in all segments compared with the conventional projections acquired clinically (p < 0.05). Atria and great vessels were well separated with evident size and function. Phase-angle progression paralleled the electrocardiogram, permitting bypass pathway localization and the direct noninvasive localization of posteroseptal pathways. CONCLUSIONS: The 3-D method permits greater access to and utilization of SPECT blood pool image data. It suggests specific advantages for clinical use.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cine-computed tomography of arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia.

The CT diagnostic features of arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia (Uhl anomaly) are described in a 72-year-old man. High speed cine-CT was performed using millisecond exposures and multilevel scanning. Ventricular morphology and function were evaluated, and findings were compared with two-dimensional echocardiography and equilibrium gated blood pool imaging. Cine-CT showed a dilated hypokinetic right ventricle with a markedly thin anterior wall and normal left sided chambers. The clinical aspects of Uhl anomaly are reviewed.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Genetic advances in cystic fibrosis: to screen, to treat or both?

Since the identification of the cystic fibrosis (CF) gene in 1989 there have been considerable advances in treatment and fierce debate concerning CF screening programmes. Cystic fibrosis imposes a burden of suffering, of onerous treatment and of reduced lifespan. New emerging treatments are very expensive but are expected to improve survival and quality of life. Treatments and screening programmes should not be played off against one another in choices for funding. This paper presents an argument for the appropriate use of newer treatments which could be funded from savings arising from the effects of widespread implementation of newborn and active cascade carrier detection programmes. Newborn screening delays the need for expensive treatments reserved for those with advanced disease, by reducing pre-diagnosis tissue damage and the rate of progression of the disease. Carrier screening has the capacity to decrease the numerical burden of affected children born and increases the number of children born free of disease. For the present, carrier screening in the absence of a family history could be funded by the individuals who wish it or by those prepared to buy this service. All types of screening presume quality control, an existing laboratory and counselling infrastructure and an established method of communicating results.

Cost of Illness↗
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Contemporary psychosocial issues in cystic fibrosis: treatment adherence and quality of life.

This review focuses on the two major psychosocial areas currently topical in cystic fibrosis research: treatment adherence and quality of life. First, the paper discusses the importance of evaluating adherence to treatments and medical advice, its measurement, predictors of adherence and non-adherence and whether the data should be used to inform clinical practice and policy decisions. Second, the purpose of evaluating quality of life in cystic fibrosis and an overview of the data are discussed. Both areas have suffered from problems with terminology and definition, inappropriate methodologies and hence difficulties with data interpretation. Future directions for research are advocated.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
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A course of action.

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Accreditation↗
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Collaborative care: a professional model that influences job satisfaction.

At Overland Park Regional Medical Center/Columbia/HCA, Inc., the challenge was to implement a new patient care delivery model and measure the effect of this model on job satisfaction. In reviewing the literature, experts on case management/managed care noted a relationship between this form of practice model and high levels of job satisfaction. However, this relationship was not well illustrated through research studies. Analysis of this implementation plan demonstrated that managed care had a positive impact on job satisfaction.

Humans↗