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Biomedical subjects

J Abadi

Publications and source records attributed to J Abadi.

12 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

A pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide vaccine induces a repertoire shift with increased VH3 expression in peripheral B cells from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-uninfected but not HIV-infected persons.

The molecular mechanism of pneumococcal vaccine failure in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected persons is not fully understood. A polymerase chain reaction ELISA was used to determine the proportion of peripheral IgG, IgA, and IgM CD19-positive B cells expressing 6 immunoglobulin heavy-chain variable region (VH) subgroups before and 7 days after pneumococcal vaccination of 12 HIV-infected and 12 HIV-uninfected subjects. Significant postvaccination increases in the expression of the VH3 subgroup by IgG and IgA and a greater serologic response to vaccination were observed in the HIV-uninfected group. In contrast, the HIV-infected group had reduced prevaccination IgG VH3 and a postvaccination increase in IgG VH5. These results demonstrate that pneumococcal vaccination changes the pattern of B cell VH gene expression and support the concept that aberrant VH3 expression may translate into a poor antipneumococcal response in the setting of HIV infection.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1999

Antibodies reactive with the cryptococcal capsular polysaccharide glucuronoxylomannan are present in sera from children with and without human immunodeficiency virus infection.

Antibodies reactive with the cryptococcal polysaccharide glucuronoxylomannan (GXM) are present in sera from both human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-uninfected and -infected adults. However, the prevalence of these antibodies in US children is unknown. An antigen-capture ELISA was used to determine the presence, serotype specificity, isotype, and IgG subclass distribution of antibodies to GXM in sera from 27 HIV-uninfected and 34 HIV-infected children. The children were of similar age and socioeconomic background. IgG and IgM to GXM were present in sera from all children, although HIV-uninfected children had significantly higher titers. HIV-uninfected children had IgG1 and IgG2 to GXM and significantly greater IgG2 than in HIV-infected children. These findings of type-specific antibodies to GXM in early childhood suggest that exposure to or subclinical infection with Cryptococcus neoformans may be an early childhood event.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1999

Cryptococcosis in children with AIDS.

We compiled the clinical and immunologic features of Cryptococcus neoformans infections in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected children from 1985 to 1996 in a retrospective case series. Thirty cases of cryptococcosis were identified. These children had a median age of 9.8 years, a median CD4+ cell count of 54/microL at the time of diagnosis, and either a culture positive for C. neoformans or cryptococcal antigen in serum or cerebrospinal fluid. Sixty-three percent of the cases occurred in children vertically infected with HIV and in children between 6 and 12 years of age. The clinical and laboratory characteristics of this pediatric cohort were similar to those of adults with AIDS and cryptococcosis. On the basis of a subset of the cases, a 10-year point prevalence of cryptococcosis among children with AIDS of approximately 1% was estimated.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1998

Human antibodies elicited by a pneumococcal vaccine express idiotypic determinants indicative of V(H)3 gene segment usage.

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected persons manifest decreased antibody responses to pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccines. Since human antibody responses to polysaccharides are often restricted, the molecular structure of antibodies elicited by a 23-valent pneumococcal vaccine was analyzed. Anti-idiotypic reagents were used to detect V(H)1, V(H)3, and V(H)4 gene usage by antibodies to pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides in HIV-uninfected and HIV-infected subjects by ELISA. HIV-uninfected persons generated beta-mercaptoethanol-sensitive and -resistant antibodies to pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides expressing V(H)3 determinants recognized by the D12, 16.84, and B6 monoclonal antibodies; antibodies expressing V(H)1 determinants were not detected, and V(H)4 determinants were expressed by beta-mercaptoethanol-sensitive antibodies only; and HIV-infected subjects had significantly lower capsular polysaccharide-specific and V(H)3-positive antibody responses. These findings confirm decreased antibody responses to pneumococcal vaccination in HIV-infected persons and suggest that their poor responses may result from HIV-associated depletion of restricted B cell subsets.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Fc gammaRIIa polymorphism in human immunodeficiency virus-infected children with invasive pneumococcal disease.

Invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) occurs frequently in HIV-infected children and adults. Defects in complement function, opsonic capsular antibodies, and Fc receptor antibody-mediated phagocytosis could contribute to impaired host defense against Streptococcus pneumoniae. The objective of this study was to define the distribution of the three Fc gammaRIIa genotypes in HIV+ children, including those with IPD. Forty-eight HIV+ Hispanic children, including eight with IPD, followed at Bronx-Lebanon Hospital Center, Bronx, New York, nine HIV+ adults with IPD, and 56 HIV- Hispanic control subjects were studied. The children and adults were identified retrospectively except for one child who developed IPD during the study. Fc gammaRIIa genotypes were determined by PCR amplification of the Fc gammaRIIa locus from genomic DNA samples and hybridization of the PCR products with allele-specific oligonucleotides. Naturally occurring serum antibodies reactive with four pneumococcal polysaccharide serotypes were determined by ELISA in seven of eight children with IPD. There were no statistical differences in Fc gammaRIIa genotypes between HIV+ children with and without IPD, HIV+ adults with IPD, or HIV- Hispanics. The predominant IgG subclass of pneumococcal polysaccharide binding antibodies in the seven HIV+ children with IPD studied was IgG1. The distribution of Fc gammaRIIa genotypes in HIV+ children with and without IPD is similar to that of the normal Hispanic population. The prospect of passive immunotherapy with specific anticapsular antibodies might be a promising alternative for the treatment and/or prevention of IPD in HIV+ children and other immunodeficient groups.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1997

Acyclovir.

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Acyclovir↗
PubMed1995

Amphotericin B.

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Amphotericin B↗
PubMed1992

Relationship between neonatal behavior and subsequent temperament.

The validity of the neonatal behavioral assessment scale in predicting later infant temperament is of theoretical and clinical importance. The scale was administered to 47 full-term healthy neonates. Of these, 40 were followed and the infant characteristics questionnaire was given at four months of age. Significant correlations were revealed between the neonatal assessment items from the clusters of orientation and motor maturity and the temperament factors "fussy-difficult" and "unpredictable". Items from the cluster of autonomic stability correlated with the temperament factor "unadaptable." These correlations possibly indicate that perceived temperament does reflect intrinsic infant qualities.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1992

Neonatal behavior of Panamanian and Israeli infants: a cross-cultural study.

The behavior of third-generation Israeli neonates belonging to two ethnic groups--Ashkenazic infants (n = 20) and Sephardic infants (n = 20)--and the behavior of a group of full-term Panamanian infants (n = 30) were compared in order to examine cross-cultural and interethnic predispositions. The Israeli and Panamanian infants differed on 5 of a total of 27 neonatal behavioral assessment items: the difference in 3 of these items, representing the autonomic stability and motor clusters, exceeded 1 scale score. A comparison of the two Israeli ethnic subgroups with the Panamanian group (Duncan's multiple-range test) revealed significant differences between Ashkenazic and Sephardic infants on 2 auditory habituation items, whereas the Panamanian infants differed significantly from both Israeli subgroups on 10 of the items, representing the motor, range of state, and autonomic stability clusters. These results corroborate previous observations concerning cross-cultural neonatal behavioral differences and the possible role of environmental factors in the ongoing modeling process of human behavioral traits and personality.

Child Behavior↗
PubMed1988

Comparison of early neonatal behavior in two Israeli ethnic groups.

A review of the literature on differences between Israeli children born to parents of North African and of European descent revealed only a few studies concerning child development. Two trends emerged: a) these developmental differences seemed to resolve gradually over time; and b) there appeared to be an early general developmental precocity in the infants of North African descent, while in later childhood, European children generally performed better in all developmental areas. The present study compared the early behavior of 40 second-generation Israeli neonates from these two ethnic groups. The results indicated a few statistically significant behavioral differences between the groups, all in favor of the North African group. The auditory habituation item was dependent on maternal education, a result which may be attributed to genetic and/or intrauterine environmental factors fostering the development of a protective mechanism in a potentially over-stimulatory future environment. The small-scale differences between the neonates of the two ethnic groups may represent the already documented tendency and gradual resolution of interethnic variations and the early North African precocity during infancy.

Africa, Northern↗