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Biomedical subjects

J Aaseth

Publications and source records attributed to J Aaseth.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Prediagnostic serum selenium in a case-control study of thyroid cancer.

Sera from 43 persons who developed thyroid cancer on an average 4.8 years after blood sampling were compared with sera from controls. Three controls per case matched for sex, age, place of residence and year of blood sampling, with regard to serum selenium and serum copper. Cases were significantly lower in serum selenium than controls, and the estimated odds ratio of thyroid cancer increased from 1 for levels greater than or equal to 1.65 mumol/l, to 6.1 for levels 1.26-1.64 mumol/l, to 7.7 for levels less than or equal to 1.25 mumol/l. When time from blood sampling to diagnosis of the case was considered, it could be shown that the protective effect of high serum selenium concentrations was restricted to the last (less than 7) years prior to the diagnosis of thyroid cancer. The serum selenium concentration of cases tended to decrease relative to controls the shorter time was from blood sampling to the diagnosis. There was no difference between cases and controls with regard to serum copper.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1987

The interaction of copper (Cu++) with the erythrocyte membrane and 2,3-dimercaptopropanesulphonate in vitro: a source of activated oxygen species.

The therapy of copper poisoning and of Wilson's disease with 2,3-dimercaptopropane-1-sulphonate (DMPS) may increase the copper-induced haemolysis. Some aspects of the mechanism of this effect were investigated. The possible generation of activated oxygen species during the interaction of Cu++ and DMPS was studied using a chemiluminescent method detecting oxygen radicals. It was found that incubation of DMPS with copper ions (free or bond with erythrocyte membranes) is accompanied with generation of oxygen radicals. Activated oxygen species produced via O2- are able to increase the haemolytic effects of cupric salts. Hence DMPS treatment in cases of copper poisonings or Wilson's disease may involve risk of side effects on the basis of activated oxygen species generation.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Diabetic control is improved by guar gum and wheat bran supplementation.

Twenty-eight insulin-dependent diabetics were treated with different dietary regimes for three periods of three months. Initially they used a white flour bread (run-in period), then their daily bread ration was enriched with guar gum (mean dose: 29 g), and then with wheat bran (mean dose: 33 g) in a randomized crossover pattern. Fasting and postprandial blood glucose levels were measured on filter paper spots collected once weekly at home, and other biochemical values were measured monthly. No improvement in diabetic control was seen during the run-in period. Mean postprandial blood glucose decreased from 12.0 +/- 3.8 mmol/l (mean +/- SD) in the run-in period to 9.7 +/- 2.8 mmol/l (p less than 0.01) in the guar period and to 9.7 +/- mmol/l (p less than 0.01) in the bran period. HbA1 decreased from 10.5 +/- 2.1% in the run-in period to 9.7 +/- 1.6% (less than 0.05) at the end of the guar period and 9.9 +/- 1.2% (not significant) at the end of the bran period. Only modest changes were seen in serum-lipids--total cholesterol decreased significantly in the guar period, but not in the bran period. In this study both guar gum and wheat bran were well tolerated and produced a substantial decrease in postprandial blood glucose.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Trace elements and rheumatoid arthritis (RA)--pathogenetic and therapeutic aspects.

Rheumatoid arthritis is characterized by increased activity of macrophages which produce toxic forms of oxygen. Such oxygen has been suggested as mediator also of rheumatoid inflammation. Gold accumulates in lysosomes of the macrophages and stabilizes lysosomal and other cell membranes leading to reduced liberation of toxic oxygen. Intracellular production of metallothionein can be induced. Zinc in high doses parenterally can immobilize macrophages and also induce metallothionein-like proteins. Copper and zinc are components of SOD which detoxifies oxygen, and copper-thiolate complexes are reported to be anti-inflammatory. The therapeutic effect of penicillamine and other thiols like aurothiomalate may also be related to an anti-oxidative action. Therapeutic induction of increased intracellular levels of glutathione or administration of selenium in such a form that it incorporates into glutathione-peroxidase and increases the efficacy of the enzyme may lead to accelerated metabolism of toxic oxygen.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1986

Selenium, alcohol and liver diseases.

A possible pathogenetic role of selenium deficiency in alcoholic cirrhosis of the liver has previously been discussed. In the present study, serum concentrations of selenium, copper and zinc were analyzed in alcoholic cirrhosis as well as in chronic active hepatitis and primary biliary cirrhosis. The serum concentrations of selenium were consistently decreased in patients suffering from alcoholic cirrhosis. Zinc values were also low in these patients. Studies of a possible therapeutic effect of zinc and selenium supplementation are of interest. Other authors have reported increased hepatic lipoperoxidation and decreased hepatocellular glutathione levels in animals consuming ethanol. It is hypothesized that the low levels of Se and Zn, in combination with the reported glutathione depletion, makes the hepatocytes more vulnerable toward the toxicity of ethanol.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Mineral-metabolic side effects of low-dose antacids.

Mineral-metabolic side effects of a low dose of a conventional Al-Mg antacid were examined in 10 healthy volunteers, who were given one antacid tablet after the 3 main meals and at bedtime (buffering capacity, 120 mmol/day) for 4 weeks. Compared with the pre-medication state, the following changes of statistical significance occurred during antacid ingestion: increase in urinary excretion of magnesium, calcium, and aluminum; decrease in urinary excretion of phosphate; increase in maximal renal phosphate reabsorption (Tm PO4/GFR); and increase in serum concentration of aluminum. Most of the changes were normalized 3-4 days after cessation of antacid medication. There was no change in intestinal absorption of calcium. The fact that even this low dose of antacids can provoke measurable changes in mineral metabolism, including aluminum absorption, is noteworthy, although we did not see any clinical symptoms from the biochemical changes.

Adult↗