Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

J A Wilkinson

Publications and source records attributed to J A Wilkinson.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Cine radiography in cervical spondylosis as a means of determining the level for anterior fusion.

A series of 75 patients who had undergone anterior cervical fusion between 1965 and 1977 were reviewed. The patients were divided into two groups: those in Group A had had the level of fusion indicated by cine radiography, whereas in Group B the level had been determined by plain radiographs and clinical symptoms and signs. Results showed that cine radiography was the more accurate diagnostic technique. Accurate diagnosis of the level to be fused, the careful clinical selection of patients and sound bony union were found to be vital to the success of anterior cervical fusion. The incidence of pseudarthrosis was significant in single-level fusions and was even greater in double-level fusions and in patients with a history of trauma, especially whiplash injuries. It was rare to develop recurrence of symptoms in adjacent levels after fusion of a level localised by cine radiography.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Scapular osteotomy for Sprengel's shoulder.

The features of congenital elevation of the scapula are described for a group of 16 children. Fibrous bands which tether the scapula and limit its movements were discovered in most children. Vertical displacement osteotomy of the medial border of the scapula and division of the fibrous attachments have provided a reliable and safe treatment for 12 children during the past 10 years.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1980

Results of surgical treatment in congenital dislocation of the hip.

A successful method has been developed for surgical treatment of infants older than one year with hip displacement. The procedure includes 1) atraumatic frame reduction, 2) concentric reduction by surgical excision of the incarcerated limbus, 3) six months of abduction splinting, and 4) correction of bony incongruity by pelvic osteotomy when the child is a least two years old. The results of this treatment were far better than those obtained in a similar series of patients who received conservative treatment.

Hip Dislocation, Congenital↗
PubMed1975

Failures in the management of congenital hip displacement in the newborn.

Congenital hip displacement in the newborn presents in two forms: (1) Those babies in whom the capsule of the hip-joint is mechanically stretched. Spontaneous reduction and recovery is high in this group, if the babies are nursed in the prone posture with double nappies (Fig 5). (2) One in a thousand babies is born with infolding of the posterior capsule and secondary contracture of the anterior capsule. This soft tissue deformation occurs in varying degrees, but it frequently prevents spontaneous reduction. Most of these cases are missed and present as infantile congenital hip displacements, when the child is 12-18 months old. In those who are unfortunate enough to be detected and treated conservatively, in the first year of life, there is a high risk of iatrogenic bony deformation. For, as in talipes equinovarus, the bony components of the neonatal hip-joint are more susceptible to mechanical compression than the soft tissue structures.

Contracture↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Side effects of transdermal scopolamine.

Motion sickness can be experienced as the result of air or sea travel. Scopolamine can be used before travel to prevent this illness. This report describes two patients who used transdermal scopolamine preparations and experienced hallucinations and then confusion as side effects. The discussion concerns the recognition and treatment of these adverse effects.

Administration, Cutaneous↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Naloxone treatment.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Isotretinoin ingestion in a pediatric patient.

Isotretinoin (13-cis-retinoic acid) is an oral synthetic vitamin A derivative used for control of acne and a variety of other dermatologic conditions. The case of a 21 month old child who accidentally ingested an estimated 1120 mg (63.3 mg/kg) of isotretinoin is presented. The patient demonstrated only minor immediate effects, consisting of facial flushing, and mild tachycardia, tachypnea, and hypertension, all of which resolved over 24 hours. The patient had no subsequent adverse long-term effects from the ingestion. This is the first reported ingestion of isotretinoin in a child. Short term sequelae have not been reported; long-term administration of isotretinoin may cause multiple and potentially severe reactions.

Female↗
PubMedDate not supplied

All a matter of common sense? An introduction to psychology.

It is sometimes the case that a care plan will make a reference to some notion of what is termed 'psychological care' with little explanation of what this means or how it might be achieved beyond some common sense comments about communication. Although psychology yields a body of knowledge which is of use to nursing practice, it is generally only in recent years that the subject has been made formally available to many nurses. As with all theoretical concepts, it is important to explore the application of theory to practice. This article, the first of a six-part series, presents an introduction to psychology by comparing and contrasting its contribution to nursing with common sense approaches. The points raised are illustrated with examples from a range of nursing specialties.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Psychology 2: message received and understood?

Human beings judge and make sense of their surroundings in two ways. Sensory organs supply information to the brain where it is processed and interpreted according to the idiosyncrasies of that individual's personality and experiences. Perception is the active process which integrates and coordinates these activities. Hence, any sensory message can be received and/or understood quite differently depending on the individual concerned. This article outlines how a knowledge of psychology can assist in the understanding of human perception, and how this can be applied to a wide range of nursing care settings and applications. The psychology of perception is of particular relevance to areas such as patient/client assessment, skilled communication, teaching and the provision of health education.

Attention↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Psychology 3: 'Don't give me that attitude'!

The relationships between knowledge, emotions and behaviour are complex, and yet it is important to understand how these factors can affect a person's health. This is of particular relevance in relation to a person's lifestyle and his/her response to health promotion strategies. In this article there is a presentation of the psychological conceptualization of attitudes. Issues are raised which can be used to help nurses to understand some of the factors which underpin attitude formation and change. Use of this knowledge can be made to inform nursing assessment and to enhance compliance with professional advice. The main argument to emerge is that any standardized health advice is more effective if it is supplemented with an individualized focus which is directed towards empowerment of the person, and which is sensitive to his/her particular circumstances.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Psychology. 4: Take my advice!

The article considers the issue of compliance in the context of encouraging patients to follow advice given to them by nurses. Caution is expressed regarding the avoidance of coercion through the exertion of overt pressure or by more subtle means such as the socializing effects of becoming a patient. It is suggested that an effective and humanistic approach to the facilitation of compliance is through the empowerment of patients by nurses. This can be enhanced if strategies are based on comprehensive assessment. An eclectic level of analysis is used to show how compliance is mediated through personal, group and societal factors. A number of psychological research studies are reported to underpin recommendations as to how nurses might enhance the compliance of their patients in a range of care settings and applications.

Group Processes↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Psychology. 5: Implications of the ageing process for nursing practice.

Many people are living longer and, as a consequence, the UK is populated by increasing numbers of elderly people. This trend towards an increase in longevity has been matched with an increase in morbidity, despite contemporary professional and lay interest in the adoption of healthier lifestyles. Hence, expertise in elderly care is likely to continue to be important for many health-care professionals. This article considers aspects of the ageing process and draws attention to the psychological interpretations of personality and life span, social isolation, intelligence and memory related to elderly people. The main conclusions drawn are that, although becoming older can be associated with health-care problems, the process of ageing is individually experienced and it is inappropriate to assume that all elderly people share common needs. A number of implications for nursing practice are highlighted and recommendations to enhance care are made.

Aged↗