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Biomedical subjects

J A Waitz

Publications and source records attributed to J A Waitz.

66 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1965

Physiological disposition of antimony after administration of 124Sb-labelled tartar emetic to rats, mice and monkeys, and the effects of tris (p-aminophenyl) Carbonium pamoate on this distribution.

Tris (p-aminophenyl) carbonium (TAC) salts and certain antimonials have been shown to be more effective together against Schistosoma mansoni in mice than would be expected from the simple addition of their activities when given alone. Owing to the toxicity of antimonials, the therapeutic advantage of such synergistic effects would largely depend upon whether or not they occurred because the co-administration of TAC pamoate led to higher or more sustained levels of antimony in the blood or tissues. This study of the effect of TAC pamoate on the physiological disposition of (124)Sb was designed to give information on this important aspect.In general, co-administration of or pretreatment with TAC pamoate had no significant effect on the disposition of antimony. This indicates that the additive or synergistic effect of the two drugs against schistosomes is not due to higher or more sustained levels of antimony in the blood and tissues.

Animals↗
PubMed1965

Laboratory studies on the joint effects of certain tris (p-aminophenyl) carbonium salts and antimonials as antischistosomal drugs.

Tris (p-aminophenyl) carbonium (TAC) pamoate and antimonials, such as tartar emetic and stibophen, have broad antischistosomal activity in animals and man, but both groups have important limitations. Thus the slow-acting TAC pamoate must be given for several weeks to obtain a high degree of effect and the fast-acting antimonials have a narrow therapeutic index.This study deals with whether TAC pamoate and antimonials together have a useful degree of joint action against Schistosoma mansoni without commensurate joint toxicity for the host.A marked degree of synergism in antischistosomal activity occurred with relatively low amounts of TAC pamoate and tartar emetic or stibophen in vitro and in infected mice, particularly when TAC pamoate was started ahead of the antimonial. Moreover, neither TAC pamoate nor tartar emetic affected appreciably the gross toxicity of the other for normal mice. An encouraging degree of joint antischistosomal action by TAC pamoate and tartar emetic also occurred in infected rhesus monkeys.The results suggest that the use of TAC pamoate and antimonials together may avoid some of their main limitations when used alone.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Renal uptake and nephrotoxicity of gentamicin during urinary alkalinization in rats.

1. Effect of urine pH on accumulation of gentamicin in the renal cortex of rats was studied following constant intravenous infusion, and single or repeated i.v. injections with gentamicin. 2. The cortical uptake of gentamicin was moderately inhibited by urinary alkalinization due to sodium bicarbonate treatment, but was unaffected by acidification with ammonium chloride. The altered urinary pH had no effect on urinary excretion of gentamicin. 3. An alkaline urine induced by acetazolamide injections failed to influence cortical accumulation of gentamicin. This effect may be ascribed to 'acidification' of the proximal tubular fluid after carbonic anhydrase inhibition, even though the final urine was alkaline. 4. Nephrotoxicity resulting from chronic treatment of gentamicin was ameliorated by concomitant sodium bicarbonate administration. 5. In conclusion, the intratubular pH of the proximal tubule is a factor which influences the cortical uptake of gentamicin, probably by means of changing the cationic nature of the molecule and, therefore, reduced binding with the luminal membrane.

Animals↗