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Biomedical subjects

J A Van Dyke

Publications and source records attributed to J A Van Dyke.

12 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Unusual initial calcification of primary and metastatic seminomas. Detection by computed tomography.

Rare large ab initio calcifications of a primary mediastinal seminoma in a 16-year-old boy and of para-aortic nodal metastatic ovarian seminoma in a 14-year-old girl are demonstrated with CT but not with conventional radiography. They are most likely dystrophic calcifications because of the absence of other germ cell tumor components and infective granulomatous disease. Routine use of CT might detect more such calcifications in untreated seminoma.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Magnetic resonance imaging of the internal anatomy of the prostate gland.

Previous reports on the value of magnetic resonance imaging of the prostate have been conflicting and frequently pessimistic, in part because of inability to visualize internal prostatic anatomy. Multiple spin-echo sequences were used to determine a sequence that clearly delineated the internal prostatic anatomy in normal volunteers. A thin section, T2-weighted, spin-echo technique displayed the internal prostatic anatomy in great detail, including the central and peripheral zones, the prostatic urethra, and the periprostatic venous plexus. Accurate depiction of the zonal anatomy of the prostate is important in characterizing focal prostatic disease because the vast majority of carcinomas begin within the peripheral zone, whereas benign hypertrophy originates centrally.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Review of iliopsoas anatomy and pathology.

The iliopsoas compartment acts as a conduit for the spread of disease within the body. Knowledge of its anatomy facilitates the early diagnosis of some potentially fatal lesions.

Abscess↗
PubMed1986

Acute pancreatitis associated with end-stage renal disease.

Various reports in the literature have suggested an association between end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and acute pancreatitis. Little information concerning this association has been discussed in the radiological literature. In this report, the authors review their experience with 54 episodes of acute pancreatitis in 34 patients, including 26 treated with maintenance dialysis, six who underwent renal transplantation, and two managed conservatively before definitive therapy. Ten (29%) of these patients died. Thirty-one computed tomographic (CT) and 49 ultrasound (US) studies of 30 patients were reviewed and demonstrated findings ranging from normal anatomy to fulminant necrotizing pancreatitis. Fifteen US examinations were technically inadequate for evaluation of the pancreas. None of the CT scans were technically inadequate. The authors emphasize the need for increased awareness of ESRD as a possible risk factor for the development of acute pancreatitis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1986

Causes of jaundice during hepatic artery infusion chemotherapy.

Jaundice develops in many patients with liver metastases from colorectal adenocarcinoma during hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC). The usual cause is thought to be hepatotoxicity from the chemotherapeutic agent or biliary obstruction from progressive neoplastic disease. The authors evaluated the abdominal computed tomography and ultrasound examinations performed on 49 patients who were jaundiced during long-term HAIC. In only one patient was diffuse intrahepatic biliary dilatation caused by an obstructing mass in the porta. Two patients had metastatic hepatic lesions causing focal biliary obstruction. Intrahepatic dilatation without an obstructing mass occurred in 20 patients. Percutaneous or endoscopic cholangiograms were commonly interpreted prospectively as showing extrinsic compression by metastases, but no mass was confirmed on imaging studies. Seven patients had focal intrahepatic ductal dilatation from stricture without an associated mass. The remaining 19 patients had normal-caliber ducts; their jaundice was caused by chemical hepatitis. This series suggests that the most common causes of jaundice in these patients are chemical hepatitis and common bile duct stricture, complications of intraarterial chemotherapy, rather than neoplastic obstruction. Stricture formation may be confused with extrinsic compression on direct cholangiograms.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1986

Acute pancreatitis in patients with end-stage renal disease without transplantation.

Acute pancreatitis is infrequently described in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) who have not undergone transplantation. We observed 35 attacks of acute pancreatitis in 23 of 1001 patients with ESRD and one additional patient with irreversible acute renal failure, during a ten-year period. Pancreatitis occurred more frequently in association with peritoneal dialysis than with hemodialysis. Four patients died of complications related to a pancreatic pseudocyst, and a fifth died from hemorrhagic pancreatitis. The ten-year incidence of pancreatitis was 2.3% and the overall mortality was 20.8% in patients with ESRD treated without transplantation. We conclude that clinically evident acute pancreatitis occurs more often than has been previously recognized in patients with ESRD who have not undergone transplantation and, particularly, in those patients managed with peritoneal dialysis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1985

Pancreatic imaging.

Methods now available for evaluating the pancreas include computed tomography, ultrasound, angiography, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, and percutaneous fine-needle aspiration. Computed tomography is best for initial evaluation of the patient with suspected pancreatic disorders as it is technically adequate and provides detailed anatomic information. Ultrasound also provides detailed information and survey capabilities but examinations are often technically unsatisfactory. Angiography, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, and fine-needle aspiration provide important diagnostic information but are more invasive and require considerable operator skill. These techniques are secondary tests not indicated for the initial evaluation of every patient. No single test will always provide all necessary diagnostic information, and the appropriate utilization of each method requires an understanding of its strengths and weaknesses.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Multiple cavernous hemangiomas of the spleen: CT findings.

Diffuse cavernous hemangiomatosis of the spleen is a rare condition, but it is considered the most common benign tumor to involve the spleen. Computed tomography and ultrasound are useful and effective methods for evaluating the spleen for the presence of multiple hemangiomas, the diagnosis of which is otherwise difficult to establish. This report emphasizes the sonographic and CT findings of the condition and reviews the pathological and clinical features.

Female↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Aortocaval fistula: CT appearance with angiographic correlation.

As CT is often the initial imaging method in the evaluation of suspected complications of abdominal aortic aneurysm, especially rupture of the aneurysm, it is important to be aware of other less common complications that can be detected by CT. A patient with an aortocaval fistula and renal venous hypertension is discussed. The constellation of CT findings that suggest this diagnosis is described as is the angiographic correlation. Awareness of these CT findings, including early equivalent enhancement of the inferior vena cava and aorta; enlarged, poorly functioning kidney; and perirenal "cobwebs," will lead to the appropriate confirmatory angiographic studies.

Aged↗