The food industry is interested in polyelectrolytic coagulants of natural origin for the clarification of food beverages and the recovery of colloidal and dispersed particles from processing waste streams. This paper discusses potential industrial applications of recent findings on polymer complex formation obtained with a chitosan-poly(acrylic acid) model system. Process recommendations could be made on the basis of the ionic strength, pH, and charged group concentration of the fluid to be treated. Ionic strength does not affect the complex formation process. The amount of chitosan in the complex formed is controlled by the solution pH. The mechanism of complex formation indicates that pH measurements could be used to monitor the coagulation process.

Acrylic Resins↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Chitosan-based coagulating agents for treatment of cheddar cheese whey.

Chitosan-Polyanion (Chi-Pol) complexes were used as coagulating agents for treating Cheddar cheese whey. Complexation and coagulation time played a significant role in adsorption, whereas polymer concentration was significant only for chitosan-alginate complexes. Complexes of chitosan with alginate (ALG), pectin (PEC), and carrageenan (CAR) used at 30 mg complex/L whey showed turbidity reductions of 40-43% and 65-72% after 1 and 39 h, respectively. At 10 mg/L, the percent reduction in turbidity after 1 and 39 h were 35-39% and 61-64%, respectively. No significant differences in turbidity reduction (P > 0.05) were observed when using complexes at different Chi-Pol monomeric mixing ratios (MR) except for Chi-Alg at 30 mg/L, wherein reduction at 0.2 was higher than 0.8 MR. Also, UV-vis spectroscopy suggested the preference of this complex for the absorption of specific whey protein fractions. This study successfully demonstrated the effectiveness of Chi-Pol complexes in flocculation of suspended solid wastes in cheese whey with over 70% protein recovery.

Cheese↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Hyperplastic changes and receptor status in the breast tissue of bodybuilders under anabolic-androgenic steroid stimulation.

Anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) are misused by athletes to improve their physical performance. AAS with similar groups and configuration indicate that testosterone is the base of this ability to stimulate anabolic activity. The effect of these compounds on the breast tissue of males that consume them is a confirmation of its metabolic pathway. To confirm its hormonal effects, the status of estradiol and progesterone receptors (ER, PgR) status was determined in cytoplasmic and nuclear fractions (HRc, HRn) of 8 premalignant breast tissues from 8 bodybuilders (aged 21 to 45 years) under AAS stimulation. The control group included 5 males with benign disorders of the breast, but not due to AAS administration. The concentrations of ERc and ERn were significantly higher (p < .05) in males under AAS stimulation than in males without these. The concentrations of PgRc and PgRn do not differ between these two groups (p > .05) The benign breast disease is remarkably similar in female and male patients, suggesting a common origin. In the same way, the measurement of both HRc and HRn is necessary to accurately report receptor concentration.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Acute purulent meningitis].

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Adolescent↗