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Biomedical subjects

J A Talbott

Publications and source records attributed to J A Talbott.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Is the "live patient" interview on the boards necessary?

Study of American Board of Psychiatry certification examinations over a 2-year period revealed differences between audiovisual and "live patient" interview grades. Of 2,236 psychiatrists examined in psychiatry, 1,367 (61%) received concordant scores on their audiovisual and "live patient" examination hours and 1,165 (52%) received identical grades. Agreement about pass/fail decisions was even higher (80%). Where scores were not identical, two out of three candidates scored higher on the audiovisual section, prompting the conclusion that the two examination formats may test somewhat different skills or carry a different weight in the judgment of most examiners. It is therefore reasonable to conclude that these differences must continue to be tested for.

Certification↗
PubMed1982

Twentieth-century developments in American psychiatry.

This article traces the development of psychiatric services from their institutional base at the turn of the century to the enactment of the Community Mental Health Center Act of 1963. Many perceived this legislation, which brought about community based but federally funded psychiatric care, as a radical departure from existing trends; indeed, President John F. Kennedy introduced it as a "bold new approach." In fact, it represented the culmination of a slow, gradual evolutionary development. This article identifies the concepts underlying community psychiatric services and their programmatic elements and specifies their time of origin. The author concludes that while the current federal initiative in community psychiatric care (e.g., CHHCs) may be in jeopardy, its evolutionary nature ensures its continuance in one manner or another.

Community Mental Health Centers↗
PubMed1981

The role of psychiatrists in the medical school admissions process.

Psychiatrists function in various ways in the admissions process of medical schools. They serve on admissions committees, act as consultants, and provide expertise in evaluating applicants known to be at psychological risk. The authors discuss the pros and cons of broadening admissions criteria; the assessment of the diagnosis, functioning, and prognosis of an applicant; the supportive services necessary for students screened into medical school; and the avoidance of homogenization of medical students. They conclude that the participation of psychiatrists is critical to the efficient operation of the admissions process and the medical school itself.

Educational Measurement↗
PubMed1981

Encouraging psychiatrists to work with chronic patients: opportunities and limitations of residency education.

In recent years, psychiatrists in both the public and private sectors have been insufficiently involved in the treatment of chronic psychiatric illness. Simultaneously, deinstitutionalization has made the treatment of chronic patients more complex. In this paper the authors discuss the use of medical education- specifically the psychiatric residency-to increase the number of psychiatrists involved in the treatment of chronic patients and to improve the quality of treatment. Optimally residency programs should provide intense, long-term contact with chronic patients, supervised by role models committed to the treatment of such patients. Programs should encourage appropriate attitudes, including realistic treatment expectations and understanding of the issues of patient passivity and dependence; convey specialized knowledge related to housing, ethnicity, occupational, social, and legal matters and train residents in treatment skills tailored to patient needs, including the ability to perform functional diagnostic assessments and to collaborate with other mental health professionals.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed1980

A study of suicide in state mental hospitals in New York City.

Suicides at five state hospitals for the mentally-ill located in NYC were studied over a 32 month period. The suicide rates at the individual hospitals appeared to be primarily related to the acuteness of inpatient population and secondarily to the socioeconomic-ethnic characteristics of the inpatient population. White young Puerto Rican male, better educated female involuntarily committed, schizophrenic, and affective disordered patients were overrepresented in the suicide group; black patients were underrepresented. From clinical data two profiles of psychiatric inpatients at high risk for suicide were constructed; 1) a male paranoid schizophrenic with previous suicide attempts involuntarily committed due to acute psychosis who hangs himself in his room or bathroom during the first weeks of hospitalization; 2) a chronic undifferentiated schizophrenic often with affective component who has been hospitalized for more than one month and who is considered by staff to be improving, but is having difficulty with discharge planning who commits suicide by jumping while out of the hospital on an authorized pass. Recommendations were made for reducing inpatient suicides.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

A resident's rotation in consultation psychiatry. A maturational experience.

The authors emphasize the importance of a consultation psychiatry experience in the maturation of the young psychiatrist by examining some of the processes operational in both community and hospital consultation work, performed by the senior author during his fourth year of residency. Such experiences can provide opportunities for developing psychiatric skills not emphasized elsewhere, including the adoption of an active therapeutic stance, the application of the psychodynamic theory to the consultation system itself, and teaching without the use of jargon. In addition the experience as consultant facilitates the transition from residency to the outside world, not only through attitudinal changes achieved by exposure to less structured settings, a change in the supervisory model, and a solidification of identity as a physician and psychiatrist, but also by providing the resident the opportunity to begin de-cathecting from the training program.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Toward a public policy on the chronic mentally ill patient.

This paper outlines the problems posed by the chronic mentally ill, which have become a national disgrace. The historical background of deinstitutionalization is reviewed, issues critical to an understanding of the problems of the chronic mental patient are examined, solutions are suggested, and a public policy on the chronic mental patient is proposed.

Chronic Disease↗