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Biomedical subjects

J A Scott

Publications and source records attributed to J A Scott.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Diagnosing multiple parasitic infections: trypanosomiasis, loiasis and schistosomiasis in a single case.

A case is reported of a 32-year-old traveller with loiasis, schistosomiasis and African trypanosomiasis. The patient had been working in oil exploration in Nigeria and Gabon and presented with Calabar swellings and carpal tunnel syndrome. Serology for all 3 diseases was positive but microfilariae of Loa loa and ova of schistosomiasis were not found. Treatment with diethylcarbamazine and praziquantel was given for loiasis and schistosomiasis respectively. Trypanosomes were isolated from a lymph node aspirate only after repetition of the procedure 2 months later and the patient was treated with suramin. He developed a drug induced nephritis and was then treated successfully with alpha-difluoromethylornithine. There is a discussion of the difficulties encountered making these diagnoses in Europeans particularly where there are atypical clinical features. The risks of rural work in West Africa are noted and the importance of considering all parasitic diseases relevant to the travel/occupational history is emphasised.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Retrograde suction decompression of an ophthalmic artery aneurysm using balloon occlusion. Technical note.

A large ophthalmic artery aneurysm was ligated using a modification of the retrograde suction technique described by Batjer and Samson. Temporary proximal occlusion of the internal carotid artery was accomplished with a double-lumen balloon catheter, and distal occlusion was performed with a temporary clip. The aneurysm was collapsed by gentle aspiration through the distal lumen of the balloon catheter. This greatly facilitated dissection and clip ligation of the aneurysm.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

The effect of silane on shear bond strengths of etched cast metal restorations.

This study investigated the effect of a silane on the shear bond strength between an electrolytically etched Ni-Cr alloy and bovine enamel. The effect of time delay after etching and after silaning was also investigated. The results showed there to be a significant increase in bond strength when silane was used and bonding carried out immediately following silaning. However, a delay in bonding of even one hour after silaning significantly reduced bond strength. For periods up to one week, delay in silaning after etching had no effect on bond strength.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Sites of cadmium uptake in bacteria used for biosorption.

Electron microscopy and x-ray spectroscopy were used to determine location and type of cadmium biosorption on and in bacteria, some of which produced extracellular polymers. Examined Arthrobacter and Pseudomonas species appear to have detoxification systems that precipitate cadmium internally irrespective of whether or not they excrete polymers. Capsular Klebsiella aerogenes strains showed minimal intracellular uptake but over a 5-100 mg dm-3 Cd range produced the highest net metal removal levels due to significant extracellular adsorption.

Arthrobacter↗
PubMed1990

Negative scintigraphy with positive magnetic resonance imaging in bone metastases.

We report three patients with known primary tumor in whom radionuclide skeletal imaging for metastatic disease was normal with or without clinical symptomatology referable to this area. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the spine demonstrated focal areas of abnormal signal intensity in the vertebral bodies of these patients. In all three patients, biopsy confirmed metastatic disease. All the patients received radiation or chemotherapy depending upon the etiology. These preliminary data suggest that MR imaging may be useful in evaluating patients with known primary tumor in whom clinical suspicion persists despite a negative radionuclide bone scan.

Bone Marrow↗
PubMed1990

Cardiovascular changes after bone marrow transplantation in dogs with mucopolysaccharidosis I.

Five dogs with mucopolysaccharidosis I, 3 of which had been treated with bone marrow transplantation (BMT), were evaluated for 20 months with electrocardiography, thoracic radiography, and M-mode and 2-dimensional echocardiography. Treated and untreated (control) dogs had widened P waves on ECG. Thoracic radiographs remained normal for all dogs throughout the study. Thickening of the mitral valve was observed on echocardiograms of dogs in both groups, but the untreated dogs appeared to have thicker valves. Concentrations of glycosaminoglycans in the mitral valves and myocardium were higher in control dogs than in treated dogs. Markedly large aortic root diameters were observed on echocardiograms in both untreated dogs, but aortic root diameters remained normal in treated dogs. Echocardiography, but not electrocardiography, was useful in monitoring heart enlargement in each dog. Dogs treated with BMT generally had less severe cardiac changes and slower disease progression than control dogs.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Report of the 1989 Asilomar meeting on education in genetic counseling.

In September, 1989, 35 individuals representing training programs for genetic counselors and genetic nurse specialists, the Education Committee of the National Society of Genetic Counselors (NSGC), and others with interest and expertise in genetic counselor education met at Asilomar, CA. The purpose of this meeting was to reevaluate training program curricula, both didactic and experiential; to discuss the need for and desirability of advanced graduate education in genetic counseling; and to consider whether alternatives to master's-level training are needed to overcome a growing manpower shortage in the provision of genetics services. This article summarizes recommendations for master's-level training curricula, reviews options and implications for post-master's genetic counselor education, and examines issues related to training for people without a master's degree who also provide patient and community genetics education.

Education, Graduate↗
PubMed1989

The role of beneficence in clinical genetics: non-directive counseling reconsidered.

The popular view of non-directive genetic counseling limits the counselor's role to providing information to clients and assisting families in making decisions in a morally neutral fashion. This view of non-directive genetic counseling is shown to be incomplete. A fuller understanding of what it means to respect autonomy shows that merely respecting client choices does not exhaust the duty. Moreover, the genetic counselor/client relationship should also be governed by the counselor's commitment to the principle of beneficence. When non-directive counseling is reexamined in light of both these principles, it becomes clear that there are cases in which counselors should attempt to persuade clients to reconsider their decisions. Such attempts are consistent with non-directive counseling because, while respecting the clients' decision-making authority, they insure that clients act with full knowledge of the moral consequences of their decisions.

Beneficence↗
PubMed1989

Morphologic and functional correlates of plasma membrane injury during oxidant exposure.

Plasma membrane injury by exposure to hydrogen peroxide was examined in a renal epithelial cell line (LLC-PK1). Morphologic and functional parameters of plasma membrane integrity were studied in an attempt to eludicate the sequence of membrane alterations during the evolution of hydrogen peroxide-mediated injury. These parameters included plasma membrane potential and permeability, plasma membrane bleb formation, cellular size, and plating efficiency. Plasma membrane potential was the earliest parameter affected by hydrogen peroxide exposure. Half maximal depolarization occurred within 15-30 min of exposure to 1 mM, after 10-15 min exposure to 100 mM and after over 150 min exposure to 10 microM hydrogen peroxide. After exposure to 1 mM hydrogen peroxide, the following sequence of events was seen; increased plasma membrane blebbing (30 min), cell swelling (90-125 min) and increased plasma membrane permeability (150-240 min). After a 30 min exposure to 1 mM hydrogen peroxide, cellular plating efficiency, measured at 24 h, was reduced by 50% (P less than .001). These changes were accelerated, although their order of appearance was unchanged, at higher concentrations of hydrogen peroxide. We conclude that functional and morphologic expressions of cellular injury in this model occur in a defined sequence with plasma membrane depolarization representing the earliest marker of membrane injury during hydrogen peroxide exposure.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Corneal opacity in canine MPS I. Changes after bone marrow transplantation.

Corneal opacification associated with glycosaminoglycan (GAG) deposition occurs in canine mucopolysaccharidosis I (MPS I), a deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme alpha-L-iduronidase. In affected dogs corneal lesions appear similar to those in children with the same disease. Transplantation of bone marrow from unaffected littermates was performed in 5 MPS I affected dogs at 5 months of age. In three recipients that became long-term survivors corneal clouding was largely alleviated compared to affected control dogs. In no case, however, did the corneas remain totally clear throughout the course of the study (594, 628 and 1425 days). Light and electron microscopic findings correlated with the clinical impression of partial improvement. Glycosaminoglycan analysis of corneal tissue from two transplant recipients, one normal littermate, and one MPS I-affected, untransplanted dog showed quantitative and qualitative changes in stored GAG following bone marrow transplantation.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

HIV-associated myositis detected by radionuclide bone scanning.

We report a case of myositis associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) reactivity which was demonstrated on bone scan in the presence of normal muscle enzymes, contrast computed tomography, and electromyography. The diagnosis was confirmed by muscle biopsy. Radionuclide bone scanning may be a valuable diagnostic tool in HIV positive patients who present with muscle pain and an otherwise normal diagnostic evaluation.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Bladder emptying assessment in stroke patients.

The bladder-emptying status of 85 stroke patients admitted to a comprehensive rehabilitation center was evaluated by postvoid residual (PVR) sequential catheterizations. Those patients with incomplete bladder emptying were assessed by scheduled PVRs throughout their hospitalization. Incomplete bladder emptying occurred initially in 48 of the 85 patients and was sustained in 28. Of this group, 22 were able to void voluntarily and 15 were continent. The incomplete emptying group also demonstrated a significantly higher rate of urinary tract infections. Incomplete bladder emptying or urinary retention in stroke patients with apparently normal bladders is a frequent problem which should be addressed as part of the routine rehabilitation management.

Aged↗