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Biomedical subjects

J A Ritchie

Publications and source records attributed to J A Ritchie.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1971

Movement of segmental constrictions in the human colon.

Changes in the segmental pattern of opaque contents in the transverse colon among patients with diverticulosis were observed by means of time-lapse cinefluorography after ingestion of barium sulphate suspension. In some of them the muscular constrictions separating the opaque masses of bowel contents were seen to relax and later to re-form in a different spatial relationship to fixed points on the bowel wall represented by the necks of diverticula. In other instances ring contractions moved progressively along the bowel wall, temporarily occluding the necks of any diverticula they passed. Bowel contents were seen to be transported ahead of the advancing constrictions at varying rates and in either direction.

Barium Sulfate↗
PubMed1970

The transport of colonic contents in the irritable colon syndrome.

The mean distance of travel and hourly incidence of propulsive and retropulsive movements of colonic contents have been assessed by means of time-lapse cinefluorography and compared in 98 patients with the irritable colon syndrome and in 90 control subjects.Net propulsion in patients with the irritable colon syndrome was less than in the controls at rest, similar to the controls after feeding, and greater than in the controls after an injection of carbachol. In both clinical groups, food and carbachol increased the incidence of propulsive and retropulsive movements but did not alter the average distance over which they travelled.The figures suggest that at least two-thirds of all net propulsion of colonic contents in the irritable colon syndrome takes place under circumstances not reproduced in the present study.

Barium Sulfate↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Maternal perceptions of newborn umbilical cord treatments and healing.

OBJECTIVE: To determine mothers' cord care practices and perceptions of their newborns' cord treatment and healing. DESIGN: Exploratory, descriptive. SETTING: Urban teaching hospital providing care for children, women, and families in eastern Canada. PARTICIPANTS: A convenience sample of 30 women with healthy full-term infants. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Mothers' concerns about newborn umbilical cord care and cord treatments using an 18-item questionnaire, the Cord Rating Scale. RESULTS: Mothers' concerns regarding their newborns' cord included bleeding at the time of cord separation and cord odor. Several mothers (20%) did not recall being given information on cord care, and others had received conflicting information. Although most other mothers did begin the recommended treatment, they did not follow the recommended schedule. There was a strong positive relationship between the mothers' and nurses' ratings of the newborns' cord condition. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that mothers continue to have concerns about their newborn's cord and cord care after hospital discharge. These concerns have implications for nursing practice. The findings also support the role that a mother has in accurately reporting the condition of her newborn's cord.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Use of a projective technique to assess young children's appraisal and coping responses to a venipuncture.

PURPOSE: To examine the appraisal, emotional and coping responses of young hospitalized children to three phases of a venipuncture procedure. DESIGN: Exploratory, descriptive. SETTING: Pediatric unit of a community hospital. PARTICIPANTS: Four- to 9-year-old hospitalized children (N = 45). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Data were obtained by means of a projective technique and interview format. Content analysis of the children's responses was guided by the use of four published measures (appraisal, behavioral coping strategies, cognitive coping strategies, and helpful interventions). RESULTS: The children appraised each phase of the venipuncture as a threat, a benefit, or a threat/benefit. The most frequently identified behavioral coping strategies were self-protective behaviors and returning to normal activities. The most frequently identified cognitive coping behaviors were reality-oriented working through, emotion-regulating cognitions, and diversionary thinking. The children reported the most helpful intervention as providing information about the event. CONCLUSION: The children were able, through a projective technique, to appraise a venipuncture and spontaneously identify many cognitive and behavioral coping strategies and interventions to help them manage a venipuncture.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Coping in hospitalized children: an analysis of published case studies.

This study examined the range of coping behaviors identified by the authors of 39 published case studies of hospitalized children age 20 months to 10 years and the pattern of coping revealed when the behaviors described in the published studies were analyzed according to the category system based on the Lazarus stress and coping paradigm. The behaviors reported in the case studies were subjected to a content analysis of the various labels attributed by the authors to the behaviors and then to a detailed content analysis according to the Type of Coping Behavior Category System. The range of labels of coping behavior used in the case studies showed that there had been no systematic and consistent approach to analysis of the children's coping strategies. The results of the analysis using the category system indicated that the coping strategies could be categorized in a systematic way. The pattern of coping revealed indicates that the system is sensitive to the influence of level of development.

Adaptation, Psychological↗