Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

J A Paton

Publications and source records attributed to J A Paton.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1993

NetMenu: experience in the implementation of an institutional menu of information sources.

NetMenu is a program, developed at Yale, which enables straightforward access to online information systems. NetMenu has been deployed in several diverse settings within our medical center. In the hospital, NetMenu is functioning as a front-end for our clinical workstation providing access to the hospital information system, the clinical laboratory computer, a drug database and several bibliographic databases. The medical libraries are utilizing NetMenu for both medical education workstations and for scholarly information workstations. This paper describes our initial experience in the implementation, support, and maintenance of NetMenu as an institutional menu of information sources.

Academic Medical Centers↗
PubMed1993

Using a network menu and the UMLS Information Sources Map to facilitate access to online reference materials.

As computer technology advances, clinicians and biomedical researchers are becoming more dependent upon information from online databases and information systems. By using specially configured computer workstations and high-speed computer networks, it is now possible to access this information in a rapid and straightforward manner. To empower users by providing these capabilities, the authors are assembling a variety of network workstations to be located throughout Yale-New Haven Medical Center. At the heart of the workstation is NetMenu, a program designed to help users connect to a number of important online information systems, including a hospital order entry and results reporting system, a drug reference, bibliographic retrieval systems, and educational programs. In addition, as part of the National Library of Medicine's Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) project, the authors have developed a local prototype of the UMLS Information Sources Map (ISM) and a companion query assistant program to complement the NetMenu in helping users select and connect automatically to information services relevant to a particular question. The ISM query assistant draws from a listing of many online information sources accessible via local and international networks.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed1992

Prototyping an institutional IAIMS/UMLS information environment for an academic medical center.

The paper describes a prototype information environment designed to link network-based information resources in an integrated fashion and thus enhance the information capabilities of an academic medical center. The prototype was implemented on a single Macintosh computer to permit exploration of the overall "information architecture" and to demonstrate the various desired capabilities prior to full-scale network-based implementation. At the heart of the prototype are two components: a diverse set of information resources available over an institutional computer network and an information sources map designed to assist users in finding and accessing information resources relevant to their needs. The paper describes these and other components of the prototype and presents a scenario illustrating its use. The prototype illustrates the link between the goals of two National Library of Medicine initiatives, the Integrated Academic Information Management System (IAIMS) and the Unified Medical Language System (UMLS).

Academic Medical Centers↗
PubMed1992

Online bibliographic information: integration into an emerging IAIMS environment.

The Medical Library at Yale University has developed an online free-text database containing Current Contents citations. The database was designed to be integrated into an emerging campus-wide information environment. To this end Current Contents at Yale was designed with a user interface familiar to the Yale community, an alerting service based on electronic mail, and search expansion using the National Library of Medicine's Meta-1 metathesaurus.

Consumer Behavior↗
PubMed1985

Cells born in adult canary forebrain are local interneurons.

Thymidine autoradiography and retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) were combined to determine the connectivity of neurons born in adult canary forebrain. Adult male and female canaries were pretreated with [3H]thymidine to label cells undergoing DNA synthesis prior to mitosis. Thirty or 60 days later, neurons in a forebrain nucleus, hyperstriatium ventralis, pars caudalis (HVc), were labeled by retrograde transport of HRP injected into the only two nuclei known to receive a projection from HVc: robustus archistriatalis (RA) and area X of lobus parolfactorius. The birds were then killed and brain sections were treated to visualize cells containing HRP; these sections were processed for autoradiography to detect [3H]thymidine-labeled cells in the same tissue. More than 9% of all neurons in HVc were thymidine labeled; but of the almost 20,000 HRP-labeled projection neurons examined, fewer than 20 (0.1%) were labeled by the thymidine treatment. Furthermore, the median cell body size for area X-projecting cells was significantly larger than that of thymidine-labeled cells, and the median size of thymidine-labeled cells was significantly larger than that of RA-projecting cells. The simplest interpretation of these results is that the new neurons incorporated into nucleus HVc in adult canary brain are local interneurons, intermediate in size between neurons projecting to RA and area X.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Neurons generated in the adult brain are recruited into functional circuits.

Adult canaries, Serinus canarius, received injections of 3H-labeled thymidine, a marker of DNA synthesis. Thirty days after the last injection, intracellular potentials were recorded from neurons in the nucleus hyperstriatum ventralis pars caudalis, a vocal control nucleus in the telencephalon; these same cells were then injected with horseradish peroxidase. Of the 74 neurons labeled with horseradish peroxidase that were recovered, the nuclei of seven were radioactively labeled. Four of these seven neurons had responded to auditory stimuli. These double-labeled neurons were apparently generated during or after the 3H-labeled thymidine treatment (during adulthood) and subsequently incorporated into functional neural circuits.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1982

Connections of vocal control nuclei in the canary telencephalon.

Connections of two telencephalic vocal control nuclei, the hyperstriatum ventrale, pars caudale (HVc), and robust nucleus of the archistriatum (RA), were investigated in adult canaries. Methods used were transport of horseradish peroxidase and 3H-adenosine and silver staining of degenerating axons. Three nuclei project to HVc: medial nucleus magnocellularis of the anterior neostriatum (MAN), nucleus interfacialis (NIf) of midneostriatum, and nucleus uvaeformis (Uva) of the diecephalon. Uva also projects to NIf. NIf and Uva have not been described previously. HVc projects to area X of lobus parolfactorius, to RA, and to field Avalanche of hyperstriatum ventrale. Nucleus RA receives projections from HVc and from lateral MAN. All these projections are ipsilateral. No gross male/female differences were apparent in the projections to and from HVc. Uptake of HRP by cell somata in HVc following localized injections of this substance into RA or HVc suggests that HVc is composed of rostrocaudally organized clusters of cells, with little lateral communication between them.

Afferent Pathways↗
PubMed1981

Bilateral organization of the vocal control pathway in the budgerigar, Melopsittacus undulatus.

Anatomical and electrophysiological methods were used to map the vocal control nuclei of the budgerigar, Melopsittacus undulatus. Beginning with the motor nucleus of the syrinx, nuclei were located using antidromic stimulation and then injected with horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Retrogradely transported HRP labeled afferents to the injected nucleus. This procedure was repeated at successively higher levels along the vocal pathway. Connections found using this strategy then were confirmed using anterograde transport of HRP and/or tritiated proline and orthodromic electrical stimulation. We found that the primary vocal control pathway consisted of (1) the motor nucleus innervating the trachea and syrinx, nXIIts; (2) an archistriatal nucleus, RA; and (3) a neostriatal nucleus, "HVc." These nuclei correspond to similar, possibly homologous, nuclei in the vocal control pathway of the canary (Nottebohm, F., T. M. Stokes, and C. M. Leonard (1976) J. Comp. Neurol. 165: 457-486) but, because of differences in gross brain morphology, are displaced considerably in absolute position. Furthermore, the projection from RA to the motor nucleus is bilateral in the budgerigar, whereas the same connection is strictly ipsilateral in the canary. The projection of the motor nucleus to muscles of the vocal organ is also bilateral in the budgerigar (Manogue, K. R., and F. Nottebohm (1981) J. Compl. Neurol., in press) but ipsilateral in the canary. the possible significance of these species differences for lateralization of motor control is discussed.

Afferent Pathways↗
PubMed1974

Auditory membrane vibrations: measurements at sub-angstrom levels by optical heterodyne spectroscopy.

We describe an optical technique for measurement of mechanical vibrations in the auditory organs of living animals. The technique uses light scattered from the vibrating structure and offers several new advantages. Better than 1 angstrom sensitivity, 10 micrometers spatial resolution, and > 70 decibels dynamic range are achieved. Illustrative measurements of the mechanical response of the tympanic membrane of crickets (Gryllidae) are reported.

Animals↗