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Biomedical subjects

J A Oldham

Publications and source records attributed to J A Oldham.

23 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Continuing education on teaching skills for health professionals. Evaluation of training the trainers.

Effective Patient Teaching (EPT), a health professions continuing education course, improves educators' teaching skills when presented by its developers. This study aimed to determine whether others could teach EPT with similar effectiveness. Four nurse managers who provide staff training and supervision for multiple hospital diabetes care units presented EPT to health care professionals at seven such sites; another seven served as controls. The evaluation included observations of trainers conducting EPT programs in the field, teaching skills ratings of health professionals in both groups, and knowledge test administered to patients. Six months after training, teaching skills scores of health professional EPT participants were better (p < .05) than controls. The EPT program improves participants' teaching skills and maintains these effects in field settings, when presented by faculty not involved in its development.

Data Collection↗
PubMed1989

Rehabilitation of atrophied muscle in the rheumatoid arthritic hand: a comparison of two methods of electrical stimulation.

This study compares the effectiveness of two therapeutic electrotherapies which result in plastic adaptation in the atrophied muscle of rheumatoid arthritic hands. The natural discharge pattern of a fatigue-resistant motor unit (eutrophic electrotherapy) was more effective than a uniform 10 Hz electrotherapy. It was concluded that uniform 10 Hz electrotherapy ignored the information carried in the motor unit action potential spike train, which was the signal inducing rapid and behaviourally effective plastic adaptation.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Randomized trials of high-versus-low-dose steroids in renal transplantation. Does the evidence favor a consensus?

Published, randomized trials of high-versus-low-dose steroids in renal transplantation, individually and collectively, are too small (median trial size: 72 patients) to reach authoritative conclusions about mortality, graft failure, transplant failure, and the incidence of certain complications. The implications of this review for future therapeutic trials in renal transplantation are that randomization of 400 patients should be seen as minimum Phase III trial size, and that a research strategy is needed to encourage effective multicenter collaboration. One such strategy is described beginning with a single-center randomized Phase II trial to compare times to first rejection episode, thus rendering prior evidence on which the case for multicenter collaboration, effectively in an established trial, can be judged. Analysis by intention to treat and consistent reporting of the number of patients who experience certain classes of complication are two of four ground rules on which we assessed trials when combining evidence from similar studies. The other ground rules are randomization and common treatment theme. The statistical method of formally pooling results is outlined.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Electrical stimulation as a treatment for stress incontinence.

Much research has been conducted into the use of electrical stimulation to restore function in weak/atrophied muscle and it is used widely in the field of muscle rehabilitation. As stress incontinence is a condition which is the result of pelvic floor muscle weakness, it is thought that the symptoms of this condition may be alleviated once the strength and endurance characteristics of this muscle group have been improved. Many studies have been conducted to evaluate the efficacy of various types of electrical stimulation, although definitive conclusions have yet to be drawn. Current forms of electrical stimulation for stress incontinence involve the use of uniform frequencies. In animal studies this type of stimulation has been shown to have drawbacks that are unacceptable when trying to rehabilitate muscle. Consequently, there is a need to develop more physiological patterns of stimulation that will enhance both strength and endurance characteristics without causing premature fatigue.

Electric Stimulation Therapy↗