Biomedical subjects

J A Neder

Publications and source records attributed to J A Neder.

24 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

PubMed1999

Reference values for concentric knee isokinetic strength and power in nonathletic men and women from 20 to 80 years old.

STUDY DESIGN: A prospective, controlled, randomized study. OBJECTIVE: To establish reference values for prediction of concentric isokinetic knee strength and power in a sample of nonathletic men and women. BACKGROUND: Adequate interpretation of knee isokinetic strength and power relies on a representative frame of reference. However, none of the most widely cited prediction studies used a randomly selected sample of nonathletic subjects, therefore limiting the clinical application of these studies. METHODS AND MEASURES: We evaluated the concentric right and left knee extensor and flexor peak torque, total work, set total work, average power, and torque acceleration energy (Cybex 6000 System) in 96 healthy subjects (45 men and 51 women, aged 20 to 80), randomly selected from more than 8000 individuals. RESULTS: By stepwise regression analysis, we found that gender, age, weight, height, and regular physical activity explained up to 84% of the variability of the dependent variables: a set of linear prediction equations for strength (at 60 degrees/s) and power (at 300 degrees/s) is provided. CONCLUSIONS: Results from this study might provide a clinically useful frame of reference for interpretation of concentric isokinetic knee strength and power in nonathletic men and women.

Adult↗

PubMed1998

Effect of aerobic training on ventilatory muscle endurance of spinal cord injured men.

The functional consequences of ventilatory muscle impairment of spinal cord injured (SCI) subjects has been evaluated through spirometric and maximal respiratory pressure tests. Nevertheless, underlying functional abnormalities may be evident only under dynamic conditions, such as with a ventilatory muscle endurance test (VME). In order to evaluate the VME of thoracic SCI men and the effect of physical training on it we evaluated 12 SCI subjects (Group I) and 12 able-bodied controls (Group II). The subjects were submitted to clinical evaluation, spirometry, maximum voluntary ventilation in 12 s (MVV-12 sec) and a test of VME-the highest time of sustained ventilation at 70% of the maximum voluntary ventilation in isocapnic conditions (MVV-70% time). Gr. II was evaluated before and after an arm cranking aerobic training program (30 min/session, three times/week, 6 weeks) with training target heart rate corresponding to ventilatory anaerobic threshold. On the initial evaluation, Gr. I subjects presented a significantly reduced forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and MVV-12 sec when compared to controls (P < 0.05). Also, the VME was severely reduced in Group I (median, ranges; 1.15, 0.61-12.22) when compared to Group II (14.60, 1.20-15.00) - P < 0.001. When Gr. I subjects were separated by the level of lesion, the VME was lower in high injured (T1-T7) than intermediate (T8-T10) and low injured patients (T11-T12)-P < 0.05. After aerobic training, Group I subjects incremented significantly the FVC (P < 0.05) and the VME (P < 0.001), so that MVV-70% time values post-training were not different from the initial values of the Gr. II. In conclusion, (i) the VME of thoracic SCI men was severely reduced when compared to able-bodied controls; (ii) a 6-weeks arm cranking aerobic training program was efficient to normalize the VME of SCI subjects.

Adult↗

PubMed1998

Differences between remaining ability and loss of capacity in maximum aerobic impairment.

In the evaluation of exercise intolerance of patients with respiratory diseases the American Medical Association (AMA) and the American Thoracic Society (ATS) have proposed similar classification for rating aerobic impairment using maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) normalized for total body weight (ml min-1 kg-1). However, subjects with the same VO2max weight-corrected values may have considerably different losses of aerobic performance (VO2max expressed as % predicted). We have proposed a new, specific method for rating loss of aerobic capacity (VO2max, % predicted) and we have compared the two classifications in a prospective study involving 75 silicotic claimants. Logistic regression analysis showed that the disagreement between rating systems (higher dysfunction by the AMA/ATS classification) was associated with age > 50 years (P < 0.005) and overweight (P = 0.04). Interestingly, clinical (dyspnea score) and spirometric (FEV1) normality were only associated with the VO2max, % predicted, normal values (P < 0.01); therefore, in older and obese subjects the AMA/ATS classification tended to overestimate the aerobic dysfunction. We conclude that in the evaluation of aerobic impairment in patients with respiratory diseases, the loss of aerobic capacity (VO2max, % predicted) should be used instead of the traditional method (remaining aerobic ability, VO2max, in ml min-1 kg-1).

Disability Evaluation↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Asbestos-related pleuropulmonary diseases: pictorial essay].

Pleural and pulmonary asbestos-related diseases range from benign conditions, like pleural effusion and pleural plaques, to some neoplasias, such as lung cancer and malignant mesothelioma. Pleural effusion is the earliest finding after asbestos exposure, but the imaging findings are not specific. Diffuse pleural thickening involves the visceral pleura and pleural plaques are considered to be hallmarks of exposure. Asbestosis is the pulmonary fibrosis due to asbestos. Rounded atelectasis is a peripheral lung collapse in these individuals, generally related to pleural disease. Some neoplasias, like lung carcinoma and pleural mesothelioma, are more prevalent in asbestos-exposed subjects. The aim of this essay is to illustrate the main imaging findings of asbestos-related diseases.

Asbestos↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Asbestos-related pleural plaques: a literature review].

Pleural plaques (PP) are considered to be hallmarks of asbestos exposure. They constitute focal thickenings of the pleura and are commonly seen in patients without lung disease. They can involve parietal, diaphragmatic and mediastinal pleura. Chest x-ray is frequently used for PP diagnosis, but computed tomography, especially when used the high-resolution technique, is the imaging exam with the greatest sensibility and specificity. PP are almost always asymptomatic, but there are some controversial about their relationship with asbestos exposure indexes, pulmonary functional alterations and risk of neoplasias.

Asbestos↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Heart rate at the estimated lactate threshold in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: effects on the target intensity for dynamic exercise training.

BACKGROUND: Physical training at the range of exercise intensities associated with sustained blood lactate accumulation seems to rapidly improve aerobic performance in both healthy subjects and patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, it is still unclear whether patients' heart rate (HR) at the estimated lactate threshold (HR [symbol: see text]L)--as expressed in percent attained peak HR (AHR), predicted peak HR (PHR) and HR reserve (HRR)--are comparable with the ranges of intensity that are commonly used for target exercise training in control subjects. METHODS: The authors evaluated 26 patients with stable COPD (forced expiratory volume in 1 second = 1.17 +/- 0.28 L) who were submitted for spirometric evaluation, and, after familiarization, to a symptom-limited ramp-incremental cardiopulmonary exercise testing on a cycle ergometer. RESULTS: The authors were able to identify [symbol: see text]L in only 18 patients (69%). The HR [symbol: see text]L corresponded to wide range of exercise intensities according to the three methods (ranging from 70-95% AHR, 50-90% PHR, and 35-60% HRR). However, most of the subjects would be trained within +/- 5% HR [symbol: see text]L if they had been exercised at 80 to 85% AHR and 40 to 45% HRR; these values correspond to higher (AHR) and lower (HRR) intensities than usually recommended for healthy subjects. CONCLUSIONS: Considering that [symbol: see text]L was not identified in approximately one third of the patients and there was ample variability on HR [symbol: see text]L as %AHR, %PHR, and %HRR, the use of HR and [symbol: see text]L targets for routine exercise prescription does not seem to be clinically justifiable in patients with COPD submitted to pulmonary rehabilitation.

Aged↗