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Biomedical subjects

J A Moses

Publications and source records attributed to J A Moses.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

An orthogonal factor solution for the receptive speech scale of the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery.

Previous principal components factor analyses with oblique rotation to simple structure have produced widely disparate results for the Receptive Speech Scale of the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery (LNNB). Four of six scales based on the second factor solution lack internal consistency. A new principal components factor solution was computed with Varimax orthogonal rotation to simple structure for the current study. Three factors emerged that matched the strongest factors of the previous factor solutions closely. Internal consistency of the obtained factors was satisfactory. Theoretical implications and issues for clinical application were discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Revised ipsative comparison tables for the summary and localization scales of the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery.

Revised tables for ipsative comparison of scores on the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery (LNNB) were constructed based on coefficient alpha estimates of item consistency for each of the LNNB summary and localization profile scales. Separate ipsative score tables are provided for comparison of a single score with the mean of the basic 11 summary scales, the complete 14-scale summary profile, and each of the eight localization scores with the localization profile. The complementary roles of ipsative, normative, and qualitative item analyses across profiles is discussed as an integrated model for evaluation of LNNB results.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1983

Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery performance of brain dysfunctional patients with positive or negative findings on current neurological examination.

Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of positive or negative neurological examination results on performance on the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery in a sample of 229 patients with a history of proven brain damage. The groups did not differ on demographic variables of age, education, or disorder chronicity. The positive and negative neurological examination groups were highly differentiable. A second study demonstrated additional high subgroup differentiability within the positive and negative neurological examination groups as a function of the degree of cognitive deficit demonstrated on the neuropsychological measure. Implications of the results were discussed.

Brain↗
PubMed1982

Computed tomography in schizophrenics and normal volunteers. I. Fluid volume.

Recent findings of enlarged ventricles and sulcal widening in the computed tomographic (CT) scans of schizophrenic subjects have raised questions about the etiology and treatment of this disorder. Measures obtained from computerized analyses of CT scans of 30 schizophrenic and 33 normal subjects showed no significant difference between the groups in ventricular or sulcal fluid volumes. The discrepancy between our findings and those of other investigators may have been due to different measurement techniques or to differences in the samples. A second study was undertaken to examine the first possibility. Its results suggest that our findings and those based on measurements of planimetric ventricle-brain ratios (VBRs) are highly correlated, but that VBRs from one study may not be compared with those in another to establish population differences. Differences in patient samples appear to constitute an important source of discrepancy in CT findings.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Computed tomography in schizophrenics and normal volunteers. II. Cranial asymmetry.

We studied cranial asymmetry in 31 schizophrenics and 32 normal volunteers, all of whom were male and right-handed. Automated measures of computed tomographic (CT) scans were used to estimate global hemicranial and hemispheric ventricular volume differences. A manual method was used to measure hemicranial asymmetries between the widths of the frontal and occipital areas on CT images. The observers making the measurements were unaware of the group membership of the subjects. High reliability was established for the manual method. In contrast to findings by other investigators, no group differences were observed. Methodologic flaws in earlier studies may account for this discrepancy.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

CT measures of cerebrospinal fluid volume in alcoholics and normal volunteers.

Cranial computed tomography (CT) scans were obtained in 46 male chronic alcoholics and 31 normal male volunteers. Automated methods were used to estimate the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) volume in various intracranial zones. Measures of the ventricular fluid volume, the volume of fluid in cortical areas on CT sections at the level of the ventricles, and the sulcal fluid volumes on two convexity sections were computed. The alcoholic group, excluding subjects with chronic liver disease, had significantly more fluid than the control group on all sulcal measures. The group difference on the ventricular measure fell short of significance. Within the alcoholic group, no significant correlation was found between the number of years of alcoholism and any fluid measure when normal age effects were taken into account. A striking degree of variability in the sulcal volumes was observed within the alcoholic group, with many subjects showing normal values while a large group showed markedly elevated values. Further studies will be necessary to determine the significance of these variations.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Neuropsychological deficits in early, middle, and late stage Huntington's disease as measured by the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery.

The study compared 5 patients with recently diagnosed Huntington's Disease with 8 patients whose onset was between 36 and 66 months prior to testing, 6 patients whose onset was greater than 72 months previous, and 7 control patients equated for age and education. The results showed evidence of focal damage in the early group on two scales of the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery: Memory and Visual. However, the results also suggested a general diffuse process, present in the early group in only very mild form, but more obvious in the middle and late groups. The findings were consistent with the hypothesis that the diffuse symptoms develop in a continuous rather than abrupt manner. The results also suggest that psychological testing may be useful in the early identification of Huntington's disease.

Dominance, Cerebral↗
PubMed1980

Cerebral ventricular size and neuropsychological impairment in young chronic schizophrenics. Measurement by the standardized Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery.

The relationship between size of cerebral ventricles in chronic schizophrenics and performance on a comprehensive neuropsychological battery, the Standardized Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery, was investigated. Ventricular size was determined by using a planimeter to measure the size of the lateral ventricles and the ventricular body, if present, on the computerized tomographic (CT) scan image that showed the largest lateral ventricles. This number was divided by the size of the brain as a whole on the same image of the CT scan to yield a ventricular brain ratio. This ratio was then correlated with the scores on the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery. Eight of the 14 scales of the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery correlated significantly at the .05 level with the ventricular brain ratio in a sample of 42 chronic schizophrenics with an average age of 32.3 years. Overall, there was a multiple correlation of .72 between the ventricular brain ratio and Luria scores. The overall ventricular brain ratio for the schizophrenics was significantly above that found in normal populations. Changes in the size of the ventricles in schizophrenics appear to have significant correlates with measures of neuropsychological performance.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Impulsivity and persistence in adult inpatient "impulse" offenders.

Related cognitive tempo, self-report measures, and ratings of behavior to task persistence and persistence in treatment in adult inpatient/drug/alcohol/sex ("impulse") offenders (N = 43). Matching Familiar Figures test latencies and self-control scale scores were related to task persistance, but only the behavior ratings produced significant relationships with persistence in treatment. Although cognitively impulsive Ss were less task persistent than reflectives, impulsive and reflective Ss did not differ on self-reported locus of control and self-control, on the behavioral ratings, or on persistence in treatment. Behavioral ratings were most efficient for making predictions about persistence in treatment.

Adult↗