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Biomedical subjects

J A Morrison

Publications and source records attributed to J A Morrison.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Interrelationships between nutrient intake and plasma lipids and lipoproteins in schoolchildren aged 6 to 19: the Princeton School District Study.

Relationships between nutrient intakes and plasma lipids and lipoproteins were studied in 1,669 schoolchildren, aged 6 to 19 years; 948 were selected by random recall and 721 because of elevated plasma cholesterol or triglyceride (hyperlipidemic recall). Nutrient intake data was collected by using a 24-hour dietary recall. Median dietary cholesterol intakes for 6 to 9-year-old boys and girls in the random recall group were 222 and 230 mg/day, with polyunsaturated/saturated fat ratios of 0.34 and 0.33. For boys and girls, aged 10 to 12 years, median dietary cholesterol intakes were 296 and 235 mg/day, for 13 to 15 year olds, 343 and 237, and for 16 to 19 year olds, 418 and 221 mg/day. The dietary polyunsaturated/saturated fat ratios did not change appreciably with age. Partial correlation coefficients describing relationships between lipids, lipoproteins, and nutrients after adjustment for age, sex, race, and Quetelet index (W/H2) were calculated for all children (random and hyperlipidemic recall) after excluding children having plasma cholesterol, triglycerides, and calories less than or equal to the first or greater than or equal to the 99th percentiles for the random recall children. Plasma cholesterol was inversely and triglyceride positively correlated with dietary sucrose. Plasma low density lipoprotein cholesterol was inversely and triglyceride positively correlated with the dietary polyunsaturated/saturated fat ratio, total carbohydrate, and sugar. Potential relationships between nutrients and lipids-lipoproteins were also examined in children having low (first to tenth percentile), intermediate (45th to 55th percentile), and high (90th to 99th percentile) nutrient intake, after covariance adjustment for age, race, sex, and Quetelet index. Total plasma cholesterol fell as sucrose intake increased. Triglyceride rose along with caloric intake, total carbohydrate intake, and sucrose intake, while high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels fell with increasing caloric and sucrose intake. As dietary polyunsaturate ingestion rose from low to intermediate to high, plasma low density lipoprotein cholesterol increased. Nutrient intake may play a small but significant role relative to lipids and lipoproteins in children and, as such, may have importance relative to pediatric precursors of atherosclerosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol: association with measurements of body mass. The Lipid Research Clinics Program Prevalence Study.

Relationships between weight, height and ponderal indexes and plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and triglyceride were assessed by the Lipid Research Clinics Prevalence Study for 6865 white children and adults (3517 males and 3348 females). Overall, weight, weight/height, weight/height and weight/height were significantly and inversely associated with plasma HDL cholesterol levels and positively associated with plasma triglyceride levels. When the relationships of Quetelet index (weight/height) to HDL cholesterol were assessed by multiple regression analysis, including the explanatory variables of cigarette smoking, alcohol intake and exogenous estrogen hormone use, the Quetelet index was significantly and inversely associated with HDL cholesterol levels in children (by age 12-16 years) and adults of both sexes. After covariance adjustment for smoking, alcohol intake, hormone use and age, mean HDL cholesterol levels for individuals at the Quetelet tenth percentile were 3 mg/dl higher than for those at the fiftieth percentile, and these in turn were 3-4 mg/dl higher than for those at the ninetieth percentile. These differences in HDL cholesterol differences reported to be related to coronary heart disease mortality. Improved approaches to the primary prevention of atherosclerosis may be realized by a better understanding of the inverse relationship of body mass to HDL cholesterol levels.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Piperacillin kinetics.

Piperacillin was administered to normal, healthy volunteers by an intravenous infusion over 30 min at dosage regimens of 12 gm daily (4 gm every 8 hr) and 24 gm daily (6 gm every 6 hr) for 5 consecutive days. Mean peak serum level after 12 gm daily was 244 +/- 24 (SE) microgram/ml and after 24 gm daily, 353 +/- 7 microgram/ml. After infusion the serum level declined monoexponentially in most subjects. On the 12-gm daily dosage mean values were 60 min for half-life (t1/2), 16 1 for volume of distribution, 188 ml/min for body clearance, and 139 ml/min for renal clearance. The same values on day 4 were 47 min, 12 1, 181 ml/min, and 125 ml/min; the volume of distribution was lower than on day 1. On the 24-gm daily dosage regimen, t1/2 was 60 min; volume of distribution, 16 1; body clearance, 183 ml/min; and renal clearance, 101 ml/min on day 1 compared to 68 min, 15 1, 148 ml/min, and 71 ml/min on day 4, the last 2 being significantly lower than on day 1. High renal clearance values were observed at low serum concentrations and vice versa, suggesting saturation of the tubular secretion process at high piperacillin concentrations in serum.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Cigarette smoking, alcohol intake, and oral contraceptives: relationships to lipids and lipoproteins in adolescent school-children.

The effects of cigarette smoking, alcohol intake, and oral contraceptives on plasma cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein cholesterol (C-HDL), and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (C-LDL) were assessed in 965 12--19-year-old school-children in the Cincinnati Lipid Research Clinic's Princeton school survey. After pair matching for age, sex, race, and total plasma cholesterol, adolescent children who smoked had mean C-HDL 6.1 mg/dl lower, and mean C-LDL 4.1 mg/dl higher, than nonsmokers (p less than 0.01). These findings for C-HDL were replicated by covariance analysis, adjusting for age, race, sex, alcohol intake, and triglyceride levels. Adolescents who drank alcohol had higher C-HDL and triglyceride levels and lower C-LDL than nondrinkers, but the differences were not significant. Adolescent females taking oral contraceptives had higher triglyceride, C-HDL, and C-LDL levels than matched controls, but the differences were not significant. If a portion of smoking's contribution to coronary heart disease risk is mediated through its inverse association with C-HDL, and if smoking habits initiated in adolescence continue into adulthood, this report provides additional physiologic data relevant to programs designed to prevent, reduce, or stop cigarette smoking in the adolescent years.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Lipid and lipoprotein tracking in children.

Prospective studies in adults reveal that CHD risk is continuously related to total and LDL cholesterol levels (positively) and to HDL cholesterol levels (inversely) throughout their entire distribution. Such findings raise the possibility that children who tend to track in the lowest and highest decile for total and LDL cholesterol may mature to become adults respectively at reduced and increased CHD risk. Children who tend to track in the lowest and highest deciles for HDL cholesterol may also mature to become adults respectively at increased and reduced CHD risk. Although the degree of tracking at either extreme of the distribution, and for the group as a whole, appears to have adquate cohesiveness to be useful for prediction of future lipid and lipoprotein levels, individual children at the extremes of the distributions will need to be followed over longer periods of time, to identify the continuity of childhood and adult values, and eventual CHD risk.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Traumatic intrapericardial rupture of the diaphragm.

A 60 year-old woman sustained an intrapericardial rupture of the diaphragm with herniation of a loop of transverse colon into the pericardium. There are ten previous reports of this condition. Reduction of the hernia and repair of the defect were readily accomplished through an upper midline abdominal incision.

Colonic Diseases↗
PubMed1977

Lipids in schoolchildren 6 to 17 years of age: upper normal limits.

As part of a multiclinic U.S. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute study of lipid levels of Americans, the University of Cincinnati studied a total school district's population. Out of a total of 8,906 eligible students from all grades, 6 to 17 years of age, 7,337 participated (82%). After fasting for 12 hours or more, plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels were ascertained in 6,775 children. For white and black boys and girls, normal lipid values are given by age in both fasting and casual (nonfasting) states. This study group closely resembled a normal pediatric practice population, so that the values established may be used as baseline data for the practicing pediatrician. Since sex, race, and age are dominant sources for variations, care must be taken in the interpretation of minor changes that occur over time in a child.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Role of adipose tissue in free fatty acid metabolism in hemorrhagic hypotension and shock.

This study was designed to observe the effects of hemmorrhage on the mobilization of free fatty acids from adipose tissue under a variety of experimental conditions. Experiments were conducted in fasting rabbits and dogs. A significant fall in arterial plasma free fatty acids was observed in rabbits following hemorrhage of 4 ml every 2 min and after inducing acute hemmorrhaged to a mean arterial blood pressure of 40 mm mercury. Adipose-tissue free fatty acids and arterial-plasma free fatty acids were simulatneously measured before and after hemorrhagic hypotension until death. Afterial free fatty acids fell significantly following hemorrhage, while the concentration of adipose-tissue free fatty acids rose significantly. In the next series of experiiments, dogs were pretreated with an alpha-receptor blocking agent phenoxybenzamine and acutely hemorrhaged. The results showed a significant rise in arterial free fatty acids concentration and an insignificant increase in adipose-tissue free fatty acids. These results suggest that hypoperfusion of adipose tissue plays an important role in the decreased supply of a major body fuel following hemorrhagic hypotension. The results are compatible with the view that metabolic fuel failure may be an important factor in the development of the complications of acute hemorrhage and suggest the concept that adipose tissue may be an important target organ in hemorrhagic shock.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1975

Hemoprotozoa in mourning doves and other small birds of western Oklahoma.

Blood smears obtained from 370 birds live-trapped in western Oklahoma were examined for hemoprotozoa. Haemoproteus spp. were found in 189 (90.4%) mourning doves (Zenaida macroura), one oriole (Icterus galbula), two mockingbirds (Mimus polyglottos), and three brown thrashers (Toxostoma rufum). Plasmodium sp. was present in one brown thrasher. Haemoproteus spp. in the mourning dove were identified as H. sacharovi and H. maccallumi, with the latter species predominating. The average parasitemia for doves infected only with H. sacharovi was 0.1% of the erythrocytes, for doves infected only with H. maccallumi it was 0.9%, and in doves with dual infections 1.8% of the erythrocytes were infected.

Animals↗