Bradycardia due to anthracyclines.
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Amphotericin B↗
Biomedical subjects
J A Hall
Publications and source records attributed to J A Hall.
The family relations, peer relations, and criminal activities of Caucasian and Hispanic-American gang members.
Juvenile gang members present serious problems to society, yet few empirical studies have examined their criminal activity, family relations, and peer relations in comparison with other highly antisocial youths. In a 2 (Gang Membership) x 2 (Ethnicity: Hispanic-American vs. Caucasian) design, 131 incarcerated male juvenile offenders were administered a battery assessing criminal activity, family relations, and peer relations. Results demonstrated (a) higher rates of criminal behavior (i.e., general delinquency, index offenses, school delinquency) among gang members than among offenders who did not belong to gangs, (b) higher rates of general delinquency and home delinquency among Caucasian offenders than among Hispanic-American offenders, and (c) greater aggression and less social maturity in the peer relations of gang members than in the peer relations of offenders who did not belong to gangs. In addition, gang membership mediated sociocultural differences in hard drug use. Findings are integrated with the extant literature.
Adolescent↗
Myocardial ischaemia and ventricular arrhthymias precipitated by physiological concentrations of adrenaline in patients with coronary artery disease.
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Arrhythmias, Cardiac↗
Psychological-mindedness: a conceptual model.
Previous definitions of psychological-mindedness are reviewed and critiqued, and a new model presented. Though the construct has broad applications for psychotherapy issues, definitions appearing in the literature have lacked precision, inconsistently specifying the inclusion of and the interrelationships between the components of interest, ability, affect, and intellect. The simple yet comprehensive model presented here separates and defines the components and specifies their interrelationships. Accurate psychological-mindedness is defined as reflectivity about psychological processes, relationships, and meanings, and is displayed by an individual to the extent that he or she displays both interest in and ability for such reflectivity, and across both affective and intellectual dimensions. Ability is contributed to and limited by interest, and intellectual psychological-mindedness is contributed to and limited by affective psychological-mindedness. Implications for measurement and research are discussed.
Affect↗
Steroid regulation of the synthesis and secretion of retinol-binding protein by the uterus of the pig.
The endometrium of the pig secretes retinol-binding protein (RBP) under the influence of progesterone (P4). The objective of this study was to determine how conceptus-derived estrogen might modulate this production of RBP around days 11-13 of pregnancy when conceptuses elongate from spheres to long thread-like forms. Concentrations of retinol and RBP were low (35 +/- 7 ng/ml) in uterine flushings obtained on days 10-12 of the estrous cycle or from pregnant gilts in which conceptuses had not elongated. Concentrations of retinol and RBP increased 7- to 8-fold (P less than 0.01) in flushings where filamentous conceptuses were present. Size exclusion and ion exchange chromatography demonstrated that virtually all retinol assayed in uterine flushings was associated with RBP. Northern blot analysis with a cDNA representing uterine RBP revealed a single endometrial mRNA 1.1 kilobases in length. Expression of RBP mRNA in uterine endometrium was measured in ovariectomized prepubertal gilts after the administration of steroids according to the following regimens: I, corn oil (days 0-16; n = 10); II, estradiol benzoate (EB; days 13-14; n = 11); III, EB (days 1-2; n = 12); IV, EB (days 1-2) plus P4 (days 3-16; n = 12); and V, EB (days 1-2) plus P4 (days 3-16) plus EB (days 13-14; n = 12). EB (200 micrograms) and P4 (100 mg) were administered twice daily. Treatment IV was designed to stimulate the estrous cycle, and treatment V simulated early pregnancy. All gilts were hysterectomized on day 16, and total uterine mRNA (3 micrograms) was analyzed by Northern blotting. No RBP mRNA was detected in groups I, II, or III. In group IV, 5 of 12 gilts had detectable RBP mRNA, as measured by densitometric scanning (OD = 0.35 +/- 0.14). RNA isolated from all gilts in group V (12 of 12) gave a strong hybridization signal (OD = 1.58 +/- 0.22) for RBP. Finally, RBP mRNA was examined in the uterine endometrium of mature gilts on day 13 of the estrous cycle (n = 4), day 13 of pseudopregnancy (2.5 mg EB given on days 11-12; n = 4), or day 13 of pregnancy after conceptuses had elongated (n = 4). RBP mRNA was present in all groups, but was enhanced approximately 12-fold (P less than 0.01) in pregnant and pseudopregnant gilts compared to that in control gilts.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Animals↗
Influence of ovarian steroids on relaxin-induced uterine growth in ovariectomized gilts.
This study examined the influence of ovarian steroids on the uterotropic actions of relaxin (RLX) in ovariectomized prepubertal gilts. Ovariectomized gilts received (im) corn oil (CO), estradiol benzoate (EB), or EB and progesterone (P) for 0-16 days. Steroid administration was patterned to approximate the plasma concentrations of endogenous ovarian steroids observed during 1) the follicular phase (EB), 2) luteal phase (EB+P), and 3) early pregnancy (EB+P+EB). Half of each group also received PBS or 0.5 mg RLX every 6 h for 54 h, coinciding with the final 2 days of the experimental period. After hysterectomy, uterine tissues were analyzed for water, dry matter, protein, DNA, glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), and collagen contents. Administration of EB or P increased uterine weight 5- to 6-fold, but no differences were observed between EB+P- and EB+P+EB-treated gilts. Cotreatment with RLX enhanced steroid-induced uterine growth 40-70%, and RLX stimulated growth in CO- and EB+CO control gilts 2- to 3-fold. The water content of uterine tissues was greater in EB-, EB+P-, and EB+P+EB-treated gilts than in their respective controls, and this response was augmented by RLX in all treatment groups. Administration of steroids stimulated a 4- to 5-fold increase in uterine dry weight compared to that in controls, with responses not differing between EB+P- and EB+P+EB-treated gilts. In all groups, RLX increased uterine dry weight. Protein and DNA contents of uterine tissue increased with steroid treatment, but neither variable differed between EB+P- and EB+P+EB-treated gilts. Administration of RLX, alone or in combination with steroids, increased protein and DNA contents of uterine tissues. The tissue content of GAGs increased in response to steroids, and coadministration of RLX did not alter this response. Although the uterine tissue concentration of collagen was reduced in steroid- and RLX-treated gilts, the collagen content of the uterus was not affected by the various treatments. The results of this study indicate that RLX is a potent stimulator of uterine growth under a variety of steroidal environments. RLX- or steroid-induced uterine growth was manifest by increased water, dry matter, protein, and DNA and GAG contents, but the uterine content of collagen was not affected. The overall growth-promoting effects of EB and the stimulation of DNA accretion by RLX were not observed when gilts were cotreated with P.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Analysis of Variance↗
Gastric emptying of nondigestible radiopaque markers after circumcostal gastropexy in clinically normal dogs and dogs with gastric dilatation-volvulus.
Using radiopaque particles mixed with food, gastric emptying was assessed in healthy dogs not subjected to surgery, in healthy dogs 9 to 35 days after circumcostal gastropexy, and, in dogs 1 to 54 months after surgical treatment and recovery from gastric dilatation-volvulus (GDV). Circumcostal gastropexy surgery did not alter the 90% gastric emptying time for radiopaque particles in healthy dogs. However, 90% gastric emptying time was significantly (P less than 0.05) increased after circumcostal gastropexy in dogs with GDV, compared with healthy dogs after the same surgical procedure and recovery period. These results imply that dogs with GDV have delayed gastric emptying of solid particles. Whether delayed gastric emptying of markers detected in affected dogs after surgical treatment and recovery was the result or the cause of GDV was not determined. Results indicate that circumcostal gastropexy could be recommended as a prophylactic procedure for GDV in large breeds with deep thorax, because delayed gastric emptying of markers secondary to the surgical procedure is unlikely.
Animals↗
Paradoxical effects of blood alcohol concentration charts.
BACKGROUND: This study was designed to determine the association between alcohol drinking and the possession of blood alcohol concentration charts. METHOD: A total of 30 college-age subjects participated in the study. Subjects were randomly assigned to either an experimental or a control group. All subjects answered a short entrance questionnaire to determine their height and weight. Those assigned to the experimental group were supplied a copy of a blood alcohol concentration chart and instructed in its use. The volume of alcoholic beverages consumed was surreptitiously counted for all subjects. Prior to leaving the premises the subjects completed an exit questionnaire which asked them to estimate the amount of alcohol they had consumed, whether they had driven to the pub, and whether they intended to drive away. The time spent in the pub was noted for each subject. RESULTS: Among those in the control group there was a tendency to overestimate the volume consumed, and for those in the experimental group, a tendency to more accurately estimate their consumption. Those given blood alcohol concentration charts consumed alcohol at a significantly higher rate than did those in the control group. CONCLUSION: A likely explanation for this outcome is that the chart served as a stimulus to prompt a drinker to more quickly achieve a blood alcohol level consistent with his/her drinking expectancies.
Adult↗
Brachial plexus anesthesia in pediatric patients.
Between 1980 and 1988 at our institution, brachial plexus anesthesia (BPA) was used in 109 pediatric patients who underwent 142 surgical procedures on an upper extremity, including 134 axillary blocks. Most patients older than 6 years of age had their blocks and surgical procedures with moderate sedation. The success rate was high--92.4% of axillary blocks and 100% of other blocks were adequate for surgical intervention in patients who required only intravenous sedation. The postoperative course in the BPA group was compared with that in 109 age-matched control subjects who underwent 188 procedures on an upper extremity during general anesthesia (GA). Admission to the recovery room after anesthesia occurred less frequently in the BPA group than in the GA group (27.5% versus 91.0%; P less than 0.01). Furthermore, nausea and vomiting were less frequent in the BPA group than in the GA group (P less than 0.01). Outpatients in the BPA group were less likely to require narcotic analgesics before dismissal than were those in the GA group (12% versus 31%; P less than 0.05). Admission of outpatients was infrequent in both groups (2% for BPA and 9% for GA). No significant difference was noted in 24-hour postoperative narcotic requirements between the BPA and GA groups.
Adolescent↗
The cardiovascular effects of beta adrenergic agonist drugs administered by nebulization.
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Bronchodilator Agents↗
In vivo demonstration of cardiac beta 2-adrenoreceptor sensitization by beta 1-antagonist treatment.
Treatment with beta 1-selective antagonists causes selective sensitization of isolated strips of human atrial myocardium to the inotropic action of epinephrine and beta 2-agonists but not of norepinephrine. To determine whether beta 1-selective antagonist treatment alters the responsiveness of cardiac beta 2-adrenoreceptors in vivo, we measured the positive chronotropic responses to salbutamol injected into the right coronary artery. Ten patients treated with atenolol (50-100 mg daily) were compared with 10 patients not treated with beta-blockers. The mean dose required to cause an increase in heart rate of 30 beats/min was 2.29 micrograms (log dose 0.36 +/- 0.12 micrograms [mean +/- SEM]) in the atenolol-treated patients. In the non-beta-blocker-treated patients, the dose required to cause an increase in heart rate of 30 beats/min was significantly greater, 8.91 micrograms (log dose 0.95 +/- 0.11 micrograms) (p less than 0.005). We conclude that treatment with beta 1-selective beta-blockers leads to increased cardiac responsiveness to beta 2-adrenoreceptor stimulation. This may be the underlying mechanism of the beta-blocker withdrawal syndrome and may make the heart more susceptible to the adverse effects of epinephrine in situations of stress (e.g., myocardial infarction).
Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
Consultative geriatric assessment for ambulatory patients. A randomized trial in a health maintenance organization.
Previous studies have shown that comprehensive geriatric assessment and follow-up can improve the health of hospitalized elderly patients. To evaluate the effectiveness of consultative geriatric assessment and limited follow-up for ambulatory patients, we randomized 600 elderly patients who were enrolled in a health maintenance organization into three groups: (1) consultation by a geriatric assessment team, (2) consultation by a "second opinion" internist, and (3) only traditional health maintenance organization services (control patients). The geriatric assessment team identified previously unrecognized problems in 35% of patients and advised changes in medication regimens for more than 40%. Nevertheless, patients who received assessment achieved only a small benefit in cognitive function after 3 months, which was not sustained for 1 year. There was no difference among groups in other measures of health status. Consultative geriatric assessment with limited follow-up did not benefit most older ambulatory patients in a health maintenance organization; if such care can be used effectively for ambulatory patients, it will require either additional targeting or continuing care or both.
Aged↗
Characterization of the hamster DDT-1 cell aFGF/HGBF-I gene and cDNA and its modulation by steroids.
Syrian hamster DDT-1 cells are derived from smooth muscle of the ductus deferens. DDT-1 cell growth is increased by the addition of testosterone (T). Acidic fibroblast growth factor (aFGF) or basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) also known as heparin binding growth factor I and II (HBGF-I and HBGF-II) can replace T in the stimulation of growth in these cells. This phenomenon is correlated with testosterone's ability to elevate aFGF/HBGF-I mRNA. The increase steady-state levels of aFGF/HBGF-I mRNA were documented by northern blots and by in situ hybridization. Using a 520 bp human aFGF/HBGF-I cDNA probe, a genomic clone with a 38 kb DNA insert was isolated from a cosmid library. By restriction enzyme analysis and southern hybridization, it was determined that there are three coding exons. DNA sequence analysis showed all of the coding region and 3' noncoding sequences were on this clone. A 5' noncoding exon not in the 38 kb insert is indicated, based on the cDNA sequences and genomic sequences of aFGF/HBGF-I's from hamster DDT-1 cells and several other species. The cDNA for hamster aFGF/HBGF-I was isolated from a DDT-1 lambda gt11 library and sequenced. Comparison of the coding region of aFGF/HBGF-I from four species shows a greater than 90% conservation of amino acid sequence.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Surgical management of breast disease in an obstetrics and gynecology group.
The surgical management of breast disease from 1978 through 1988 by the Women's Health Center of Logansport is reviewed. Three hundred twelve biopsy procedures resulted in the diagnosis of 59 cancers. Biopsy and mastectomy procedures were performed by the authors (obstetrician-gynecologists). There were no significant complications and all patients had an adequate surgical result. Preoperative needle localization techniques proved to be a safe and effective method to identify and remove nonpalpable mammographic abnormalities. Because women depend on their gynecologist for advice regarding reproductive organs including the breasts, it is logical for the gynecologic surgeon to become involved in the surgical management of breast disease.
Adult↗
Cocaine-induced stroke: first Jamaican case.
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Adult↗
Patient sociodemographic characteristics as predictors of satisfaction with medical care: a meta-analysis.
A meta-analysis was performed to examine the relation of patients' sociodemographic characteristics to their satisfaction with medical care. The sociodemographic characteristics were age, ethnicity, sex, socioeconomic status (three indices), marital status, and family size. Greater satisfaction was significantly associated with greater age and less education, and marginally significantly associated with being married and having higher social status (scored as a composite variable emphasizing occupational status). The average magnitudes of relations were very small, with age being the strongest correlate of satisfaction (mean r = 0.13). No overall relationship was found for ethnicity, sex, income, or family size. For all sociodemographic variables, the distribution of correlations was significantly heterogeneous, and statistical contrasts revealed the operation of several moderating variables. The meaning of the overall results and their relation to earlier reviews is discussed.
Age Factors↗
Older patients' health status and satisfaction with medical care in an HMO population.
Few studies have examined the relationship between older patients' satisfaction with medical care and their health status, and none of these investigations has been based at an HMO. To examine this question, data on 532 patients older than 70 years in an HMO were analyzed. Patients' reports of satisfaction with medical care were examined in relation to several dimensions of health status (based on self-reports, chart data, and physicians' ratings), their own sociodemographic characteristics, and characteristics of their primary physicians. Greater satisfaction was significantly associated with better self-rated health and physical function, less emotional distress, and more social activity but was not related to physicians' health ratings, number of diagnoses, or cognitive function. Mean levels of satisfaction were also significantly different for patients of different physicians but not appreciably related to patients' sociodemographic characteristics. When patient sociodemographic characteristics were controlled for, the relations of health status variables to satisfaction were essentially unchanged. It was concluded that the key issues to be resolved are whether better health leads to greater satisfaction or vice versa, and, in either case, whether the relations are mediated by factors relating to the patient's experience of medical care.
Aged↗
Performance quality, gender, and professional role. A study of physicians and nonphysicians in 16 ambulatory care practices.
The quality of medical care has rarely been evaluated in relation to practitioner or patient gender. Moreover, comparisons between physicians and nonphysicians typically are confounded by practitioner gender. In this study gender and professional role effects were analyzed separately for 162 male and female staff physicians, 191 male and female residents, and 73 female nonphysicians delivering adult and pediatric primary care in 16 ambulatory care practices. Analyses addressed influences of patient and practitioner gender as well as differences between physicians and nonphysicians. Results showed that female staff physicians performed better than male staff physicians for cancer screening in women by breast examination and Pap smears, but that female residents performed worse than male residents for urinary tract infections in children. Patient gender effects occurred for two tasks; for these, superior care was rendered to the gender with higher prevalence for the condition (girls for urinary tract infections, boys for otitis media). The results are considered in the context of the gender-relevance of particular medical tasks or conditions. Comparisons between physicians and nonphysicians were limited to female practitioners. Comparable or superior performance for nonphysicians was found for all tasks but one (cancer screening in women).
Ambulatory Care↗