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Biomedical subjects

J A Gold

Publications and source records attributed to J A Gold.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Values of hypercompetitive and personal development competitive individuals.

The value systems of hypercompetitive and personal development competitive individuals were examined in a sample of university undergraduates. As expected, people higher in hypercompetitiveness and in personal development competitiveness were both more likely to endorse values related to self-contained individualism such as achievement, hedonism, and a striving for an exciting and challenging life, but only hypercompetitives endorsed the value of power and control over others. Moreover, the data indicated that people higher in personal development competitiveness were more prone to endorse values related to ensembled individualism. In particular, they strongly endorsed values associated with social concern, that is, with caring about the well-being of others and with treating them with respect and as equals, whereas hypercompetitives expressed a lack of such concern. Discussion centered on the socialization process and how it can foster the development of different competitive orientations.

Achievement↗
PubMed1996

Construction of a personal development competitive attitude scale.

Theory development and research in the area of psychologically healthy competition has been impeded by the lack of a psychometrically sound instrument. Four studies were conducted as part of a research program designed to remedy this deficiency by constructing an individual difference measure of general personal development competitive attitude with satisfactory psychometric properties. In Studies 1 and 2, a 15-item scale was derived primarily through item-total correlational analysis; it demonstrated satisfactory internal and test-retest reliabilities. Studies 3 and 4 were concerned with establishing the construct validity of the scale. Both Studies 3 and 4 showed the scale's discriminant validity through its lack of association with hypercompetitiveness. In addition, its construct validity was seen in its negative association with neurosis and its positive links with personal and social self-esteem and optimal psychological health. Also, as expected, personal development competitiveness was positively correlated with needs for affiliation, whereas hypercompetitiveness was unrelated to affiliation needs. Although hypercompetitive individuals were more aggressive, dominant, and exhibitionistic, this was not the case for personal development competitors.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Quality of care for Medicare patients with acute myocardial infarction. A four-state pilot study from the Cooperative Cardiovascular Project.

OBJECTIVE: To develop and test indicators of the quality of care for patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). DESIGN: Retrospective medical record review. SETTING: All acute care hospitals in Alabama, Connecticut, Iowa, and Wisconsin. PATIENTS: All hospitalizations for Medicare patients discharged with a principal diagnosis of AMI between June 1, 1992, and February 28, 1993, were identified (N = 16,869). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Percentage of patients receiving appropriate interventions as defined by 11 quality-of-care indicators derived from clinical practice guidelines that were modified and updated in consultation with a national group of physicians and other health care professionals. RESULTS: We abstracted data from 16,124 (96%) of the hospitalizations, representing 14,108 primary hospitalizations and 2016 hospitalizations resulting from transfers. Potential exclusions to the use of standard treatments in AMI care were common with 90% and 70% of patients having potential exclusions for thrombolytics and beta-blockers, respectively. In cohorts of "ideal candidates" for specific interventions, 83% received aspirin, 69% received thrombolytics, and 70% received heparin during the initial hospitalization; 77% received aspirin and 45% received beta-blockers at discharge. CONCLUSIONS: These data demonstrate that many Medicare patients may not be ideal candidates for standard AMI therapies, but these treatments are underused, even in the absence of discernible contraindications. Hospitals and physicians who apply these quality indicators to their practices are likely to find opportunities for improvement.

Alabama↗