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Biomedical subjects

J A Gibson

Publications and source records attributed to J A Gibson.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Comparison of twice-daily ranitidine and placebo in the treatment of duodenal ulcer--a multicentre study in the United Kingdom.

Treatment of duodenal ulcer with the H2-receptor antagonist ranitidine, 150 mg twice daily has been assessed in a double-blind, placebo controlled study at seven centres in the United Kingdom. One hundred-and-twenty-nine patients entered the trial with endoscopically confirmed duodenal ulcer. Five patients did not comply with the protocol and were excluded from the analysis. Nine patients (1 ranitidine, 8 placebo) did not complete the initial 4 weeks' treatment due to poor symptomatic response; one hundred-and-fifteen (58 ranitidine, 57 placebo) were endoscopically assessed after 4 weeks. The average 4-week healing rate among patients on ranitidine (83%) was significantly greater than that for the placebo group (32%, p less than 0.01). Forty-four patients whose ulcers had not healed received further treatment with ranitidine 150 mg b.d. on an open basis. After a total of up to 8 weeks' active treatment only three patients had not healed. Ulcer symptoms resolved or improved in a greater proportion of patients on ranitidine, and this was associated with a significantly lower antacid consumption. There was no serious unwanted effect associated with ranitidine treatment, and the twice daily dose of 150 mg is apparently a safe and effective short-term treatment for duodenal ulceration.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Effect of centrifugation on herpes simplex virus isolation.

The effects of high-speed centrifugation on the isolation of herpes simplex virus (HSV) were studied. Aliquots of laboratory or clinical specimens were inoculated into test tubes and flat-bottomed tubes containing HEp2 monolayers. Test tubes were incubated at 35 degrees C on roller drums (standard method), and flat-bottomed tubes were centrifuged at 15,000g at 35 degrees C for 1 hr, before being incubated at 35 degrees C without rolling (centrifuged method). Centrifugation of clinical and laboratory specimens of HSV type 1 and HSV type 2 produced significantly increased isolation rates compared with the standard method. When clinical and laboratory specimens were diluted, the centrifuged method was more sensitive at all dilutions. When 20 specimens were used for end-point titrations, the centrifuged method was 10 times more sensitive for 15 specimens and 100 times more sensitive for five specimens. There was no difference in the time taken for the appearance of cytopathic effect (CPE) between the standard and centrifuged methods.

Cells, Cultured↗
PubMed1980

Family-based suppressive intermittent therapy of hyperendemic trachoma with topical oxytetracycline or oral doxycycline.

A controlled double-blind stratified trial was carried out in a village in Southern Iran to assess the efficacy of family-based intermittent therapy of hyperendemic trachoma with topical oxytetracycline oily suspension twice daily for 7 days each month, or oral doxycycline 5 mg per kilogram of body weight once a month, in comparison with a control group which received vitamin pills once a month. In addition all other members of the selected children's families were also treated with the same regimen of therapy. The treatment was given for a period of 1 year by 3 field technicians, each responsible for one regimen of therapy. Examining the whole conjunctiva 4 months after the start of therapy, we observed no marked difference in the cure rate or the number of patients with moderate to severe trachoma between the groups treated with antibiotics and the control group. When treatment was continued for 12 months, a marked decrease in the prevalence of trachoma and in the grades of intensity of inflammatory responses as well as the positivity rate for Chlamydia trachomatis was observed in the groups treated with the topical oxytetracycline or oral doxycycline compared with the control group. While there was no marked difference between the efficacy of these 2 regimens of mass chemotherapy, the monthly intermittent therapy with a single dose of doxycycline offers the advantage of being more practical and less expensive for mass control of trachoma by requiring approximately one-tenth of the staff, transport, and other facilities required for the intermittent topical therapy with tetracycline eye ointment.

Child↗
PubMed1979

Comparative sensitivity of a cultural test and the complement fixation test in the diagnosis of adenovirus ocular infection.

The sensitivity of human embryonic kidney (HEK) cell culture and the complement fixation test (cft) in the diagnosis of adenovirus ocular infection has been compared. The optimum time for collection of specimens to obtain the best results by each test has been examined. Sixty-one (53%) of 116 patients with moderate to severe follicular conjunctivitis, clinically indicative of adenovirus infection, had serological evidence of infection or had the virus isolated from ocular swabs. Virus was isolated from 53 patients (45%) and significant antibody rises were found in 33 (27%). When each test was carried out under optimum conditions, virus was isolated from 82% of cases and serological evidence of infection found in 72%. Serological responses as detected by the CFT appeared to be inferior in infections caused by adenovirus type 7 to those encountered in infections due to adenovirus types 3 and 8.

Adenoviridae Infections↗
PubMed1979

Intravenous antibiotic therapy at home.

Many patients who are hospitalized for intensive intravenous (IV) antibiotic therapy of serious infections are not disabled. Following a short period of treatment in the hospital and after their medical problem has stabilized, these patients can safety receive IV antibiotics at home. Patients who had osteomyelitis or infective endocarditis were selected for this study. Utilizing an IV nurse team, patients were instructed in the administration of the antibiotic. They returned to the hospital every 48 hours to have their IV catheter changed and to receive a new supply of antibiotic. There was a substantial monetary saving with each treatment course (at least $1,600 per patient), and, in addition, the patients were much more comfortable at home and some returned to work or to school.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Adenovirus type 21 keratoconjunctivitis.

A case of keratoconjunctivitis caused by adenovirus type 21 in London has been described. A 59-year-old woman attented hospital in August 1974 complaining of a 3-week history of redness, grittiness, watery discharge, and photophobia in her left eye and a slight upper respiratory infection. Clinical examination showed a moderate follicular conjuctivitis mainly in the lower and upper fornices, which lasted for 6 weeks. In the cornea a moderate amount of epithelial and subepithelial punctate keratitis was observed. The subepithelial opacities were coarse, discrete, and round and lasted for 4 months. The course of follicular conjunctivitis and the subepithelial punctate keratitis in this patient was similar to epidemic keratoconjunctivitis caused by adenovirus 8. A conjunctival swabbing collected from this patient was positive for adenovirus serotype 21.

Adenoviridae Infections↗
PubMed1978

Acute follicular conjunctivitis and keratoconjunctivitis due to herpes simplex virus in London.

During the 18 months January 1975 to June 1976, 25 cases of acute herpetic follicular conjunctivitis and keratoconjunctivitis resembling adenovirus ocular infection presented in the External Eye Disease Clinic, Moorfields Eye Hospital, City Road, London. Herpes simplex virus was isolated in HEp2 cells in 22 patients, and the remaining 3 patients were identified by a minimum 4-fold rise in the level of antiherpes simplex virus antibody in their blood. No adenovirus was isolated from these patients, but complement fixation test for adenovirus was positive in 1 patient with cultural test positive for herpes simplex virus. Most patients were between 20 and 35 years old and the ratio of males to females was 12 to 13. At the initial visit the clinical features of disease were moderate to severe conjunctival papillary and follicular reasons with epithelial and subepithelial punctate keratitis but little systemic disease. In the absence of typical herpetic lesions of face, lids, or cornea the disease resembled adenovirus types 8 or 19 keratoconjunctivitis. Of these 25 patients 5 subsequently developed typical herpetic lesions of lids or cornea. In the remaining 20 cases the correct diagnosis could be made only by cultural or serological tests. Virological diagnosis provides a rational basis for antiherpetic chemotherapy, which appears to shorten the course of infection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Epidemic keratoconjunctivitis and chronic papillary conjunctivitis in London due to adenovirus type 19.

Since July 1973 cases of keratoconjunctivitis resembling epidemic keratoconjunctivitis were observed in the External Eye Disease Clinic at Moorfields Eye Hospital; City Road, London. Adenovirus type 19 was isolated in human embryonic kidney cells from 21 patients. The majority were males between 20 and 40 years old. A small hospital outbreak involving six patients occurred. Clinical features of the disease, consisting of moderate to severe follicular conjunctivitis, major subepithelial punctate keratitis, sometimes with pseudomembrane and scarring, were closely similar to those of epidemic keratoconjunctivitis caused by adenovirus type 8. This similarity, as well as the ability of the agent to cause hospital outbreaks, indicates that adenovirus type 19 is a cause of epidemic keratoconjunctivitis. A case of bilateral chronic papillary conjunctivitis that persisted for 16 months following an acute onset was described. Adeno 19 was isolated from the eye of the patient after 12 months of recrudescent or recurrent illness. Chronic adenovirus infection lacking the usual clinical picture of an acute follicular reaction has not hitherto been described. Such cases are probably important because of the obvious danger of continuing the carriage and shedding of infective adeno 19 from one outbreak to another, by presenting subsequently in eye clinics, and providing an unrecognised source of infection to initiate further outbreaks of hospital transmission.

Adenoviridae↗
PubMed1977

Plaque removal by the Bass and Roll brushing techniques.

The effectiveness of plaque removal using two brushes with the Bass technique and two with the Roll method was compared in a group of 38 junior dental students using a crossover experimental design. The Bass technique was superior to the Roll method in cleaning the tooth tissue adjacent to the gingival tissue on the lingual and facial aspects, but no significant differences were found in the overall effectiveness. Cleaning of all tooth surfaces was at an unacceptable level and it is concluded that efficient tooth cleaning is not achieved by detailed instruction at a single visit including a demonstration of competence by the subject and the issue of written instructions. Repetition of the instruction within 3 weeks did not achieve a higher standard of plaque removal.

Dental Plaque↗