Trauma to the male phallus may be treated in a systematic approach to achieve aesthetically and functionally pleasing results. Isolated burns should be treated early with excision and preputial flap or skin graft closure. Avulsion injuries are closed primarily or skin grafted. Subtotal loss can be treated with penile lengthening techniques. Total loss is treated with reimplantation or microvascular free tissue transfer phalloplasty. There are reconstructive surgical options, instead of penectomy, in patients with penile malignancies.

Amputation, Traumatic↗

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Malocclusion: how important is that bite?

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Adolescent↗

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The resuscitation status of a patient: a constant dilemma.

Since the first description of closed chest cardiac massage in 1960, healthcare has evolved considerably. The modern-day skill and expertise of both doctors and nurses in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) techniques are now supported by an advanced medical technology. Indeed, CPR is now perceived as the definitive life-saving procedure. However, paradoxically, it has also prolonged the process of dying and denied many patients a dignified and peaceful death. It has also denied the patient's loved ones the opportunity to be present at the time of death. The main focus of this article is to explore the current ethical issues in clinical practice relating to determining the resuscitation status of patients. Attention will also be given to patient advocacy, and the nurse's role in supporting this concept.

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Epi Info: a general-purpose microcomputer program for public health information systems.

Epi Info is a general-purpose set of computer programs for word processing, database management, statistics, and graphics developed over the past five years at the Centers for Disease Control and the World Health Organization. The programs allow rapid questionnaire construction, data entry, and analysis during epidemic investigation. Both data entry and analysis can be programmed to provide customization and automatic operation for more permanent systems, such as those for disease or injury surveillance. Epi Info is in the public domain and copies may be freely distributed. It requires an IBM-compatible micro-computer with at least 512 kilobytes of memory. Translations into French and Spanish are in progress; a translation kit is available to facilitate translation into other languages.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S.↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Indiana infant-toddler dental care survey.

The purpose of this project was to survey Indiana dentists concerning dental care for Indiana infants and toddlers. Dental care issues covered were the age for a child's first dental visit, frequency of rampant or nursing caries cases examined, and dental referral sources for infants and toddlers. The survey also helped determine the dentist's perception of parents' attitudes toward services recommended by the dentist. A twelve question survey was mailed to 2006 general and pediatric dentists in the State of Indiana. The results of the survey were: 1. A large percentage of Indiana dental practitioners do not recommend the first dental visit or examine children for their dental visit until the child is more than one year of age. 2. A majority of Indiana dental practitioners see children with nursing caries or rampant caries on a monthly basis. 3. The majority of Indiana dental practitioners refer children with nursing caries to pediatric dentists for treatment. 4. Although the full treatment plan may undergo some modification based on various parental concerns, a majority of practitioners do not experience difficulty in obtaining treatment plan acceptance for nursing or rampant caries cases.

Age Factors↗

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Dental management of oculodentodigital dysplasia: report of case.

Oculodentodigital dysplasia is a rare autosomal dominant syndrome characterized by typical facies and certain anomalies of the eyes, dentition and digits. This report describes the case of a 2.5-year-old white male with oculodentodigital dysplasia and his comprehensive dental treatment. Aggressive treatment to maintain the integrity of the patient's primary dentition was provided. The characteristic physical and genetic findings of oculodentodigital dysplasia were also described.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗

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Electrosurgical pulpotomy: a retrospective human study.

While the formocresol pulpotomy has enjoyed long-term clinical use and success, concerns over its toxicity and mutagenicity have prompted research into other pulpotomy techniques. The purpose of this study was to observe retrospectively the results of the electrosurgical pulpotomy technique used on primary molar teeth requiring pulp therapy, secondary to carious involvement. The mean age at the time of treatment was 5 years, 11 months and the mean postoperative observation time was 2 years, 3 months. Of the 164 teeth studied, 127 were normal at the last observation visit; 32 had undergone exfoliation; 4 had an abnormality associated with the pulpotomized tooth, but were not considered failures; and 1 was considered a failure. This is a 99.4 percent success rate. Compared to a formocresol pulpotomy study of similar design, the success rate for the electrosurgical pulpotomy procedure in this study is higher at the statistically significant level of p < 0.01.

Child↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Dentin dysplasia, type II linkage to chromosome 4q.

Dentin dysplasia, type II (MIM*125420) is an autosomal dominant disorder of dentin development. Clinically the primary dentition appears opalescent, and radiographically the pulp chambers are obliterated, resembling dentinogenesis imperfecta. However, unlike dentinogenesis imperfecta, the permanent teeth in dentin dysplasia, type II are normal in color and, on radiographs, have a thistle-tube pulp chamber configuration with pulp stones. The similarity of the primary dentition phenotype suggested that the gene for dentin dysplasia, type II is allelic with the gene for dentinogenesis imperfecta, Shields type II (DGII; MIM*125490), which has been localized to chromosome 4q13-q21. Twenty-four members of a three generation family in which ten members are affected with dentin dysplasia, type II were genotyped for microsatellite alleles specific for the area of chromosome 4q linked to DGII. Linkage was assessed by using the LINKAGE computer program, assuming autosomal dominant inheritance, a disease allele frequency of 0.0001, and complete penetrance. The maximum two-point LOD score (Zmax = 4.2 at theta = 0.0) was obtained with SPPI and D4S2691. Multipoint analysis gave a maximum LOD score of 4.33. The candidate region for dentin dysplasia, type II is approximately 14.1 cM, includes SPPI, D4S2691, D4S2690, D4S451, and D4S2456, and overlaps the most likely location of the DGII locus. A candidate gene for DGII should also be considered a candidate gene for dentin dysplasia, type II.

Alleles↗

PubMedDate not supplied

A comparison of a hybrid light-cured glass-ionomer base and liner vs. a light-cured resin tooth fragment attachment.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare the dislodgement strengths and fracture types for reattached tooth fragments using a light-cured composite resin material, a hybrid light-cured glass ionomer base, and a hybrid light-cured glass ionomer liner. METHODS: Seventy-five bovine incisor teeth were fractured, randomly divided into three groups of equal number, and then luted back together with three different materials (Universal Bonding Agent/TPH Composite Resin; VariGlass VLC Base; and VariGlass VLC Liner: LD Caulk Div Dentsply Int Inc, Milford, DE). The reattached fragments were subjected to thermocycling with a 40 degrees C differential and then were loaded until the force required to dislodge the fragment was reached. RESULTS: The mean dislodgement strengths were 36.8 (+/- 25.6) kg for the composite resin, 36.4 (+/- 26.7) kg for the glass ionomer base, and 31.4 (+/- 29.5) kg for the glass ionomer liner. Cohesive fractures occurred in 73% of the dislodgements. CONCLUSIONS: There was no statistically significant difference demonstrated (P < 0.05) between the three groups in terms of both dislodgement strength and fracture type.

Acrylic Resins↗