Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

J A Davis

Publications and source records attributed to J A Davis.

318 records · Page 18Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Teaching venipuncture in an outpatient surgery unit.

In the spring of 1992, the skill of venipuncture, inserting an intravenous (IV) needle, was added to the last quarter in an associate degree nursing curriculum. After theory and demonstration, 71 graduating students were rotated through an 8-hour venipuncture practice laboratory in an outpatient surgery unit. The instructor worked with a single student to start an IV line on a client. The personalized instructional method and sequencing of events resulted in a positive learning experience.

Ambulatory Surgical Procedures↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of influenza infection, aspirin, and an arginine-deficient diet on the inner ear in Reye's syndrome.

The individual effects of an influenza B viral infection, aspirin, and an arginine-deficient diet on the inner ear were assessed in the ferret model for Reye's syndrome using both functional and morphological parameters. Auditory brainstem evoked responses recorded from inoculated ferrets revealed threshold elevations and increased latencies during the first 72 hours, but approximated those of control animals by 96 hours. Although there was a mild distention of Reissner's membrane, no pronounced structural alterations in sensory or supporting cells were observed in cochleas from inoculated ferrets. The administration of aspirin appeared to alter neither the functional nor the structural integrity of the cochlea. The presentation of an arginine-deficient diet, creating a hyperammonemic condition, led to both altered auditory evoked responses and vacuolization of cochlear tissues after treated animals had undergone seizures and coma. These data demonstrated that both influenza B and the arginine-deficient diet individually affected the hearing of treated animals. The individual agents did not alter the cochlea as severely as when they were presented in combination. These results suggest that hearing impairment in patients with Reye's syndrome may be a result of potentiation of certain metabolic-altering agents.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Physical characteristics of a new cleaning and polishing agent for use in a prophylaxips paste.

A prophylaxis composition containing a sodium-potassium aluminum silicate abrasive system was evaluated in the laboratory in comparison with several different commercial prophylaxis pastes. The in vitro data indicate that the new composition increases enamel polish and decreases abrasion characteristics without sacrificing cleaning efficacy when compared with the commercial products tested.

Aluminum Silicates↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A surgical technique for bilateral cochleotomy in the Long-Evans rat.

A bilateral cochleotomized surgical rat model, needed for a study involving microwave effects, was developed, standardized, and assessed for reproducibility. After a review of the literature concerning attempts and approaches with various species, a technique involving an approach through the external auditory canal was chosen and modified. Using a stereomicroscope, a cutaneous incision in the intertragic notch was made and extended medially along the ventral aspect of the external auditory canal to the depth of the external auditory meatus. The tympanic membrane was ruptured and the malleus removed with splinter forceps, allowing visualization of the cochlea. The lateral wall of the cochlea was penetrated with a 0.024-in. wire gauge drill bit and endolymph was suctioned from the cochlea. A 5-mm piece of 3-O silk suture, inserted into the cochlear opening, maintained patency. Appraisal of the reliability and standardization of the procedure was performed utilizing startleometry. Histology assessed completeness of the procedure and any evidence of cochlear infection.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Academic medicine.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

England↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Preliminary performance of a surgically implanted neuroprosthesis for standing and transfers--where do we stand?

This paper describes the preliminary performance of a surgically implanted neuroprosthesis for standing and transfers after spinal cord injury (SCI) in an initial group of 12 volunteers with longstanding paralysis. The CWRU/VA standing neuroprosthesis consists of an 8-channel implanted receiver-stimulator, epimysial and surgically implanted intramuscular electrodes, and a programmable wearable external controller. After reconditioning exercise and rehabilitation with the system, most individuals with paraplegia or low tetraplegia were able to stand, transfer, and release one hand from a support device to manipulate objects in the environment or to perform swing-to ambulation in a walker. The effort and assistance required for transfers were reduced for users with mid-level tetraplegia, although the maneuvers were not independent. Neuroprosthesis users with tetraplegia and paraplegia alike benefited from the improvements in their general health derived from exercise, including reduced risk of decubiti and self-reported modulation of spasticity. Stimulated responses are stable and sufficiently strong for function, and implanted components are reliable with a 90% probability of epimysial electrode survival at 4 years post-implant. The techniques employed are repeatable and teachable, and suitable for multi-center clinical trial.

Electric Stimulation Therapy↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Assessment of the Federal Grant Program for the Establishment of Departments of Family Medicine.

As part of an evaluation of the Federal Establishment of Departments of Family Medicine Grant Program, nine departments of family medicine were visited from March to May 1988 to assess their development in the academic setting and to evaluate the role of the federal program in that developmental process. The study found that grant support has been useful in enhancing the status of family medicine by aiding research and curriculum development, supporting administrative infrastructure, and fostering other topics specific to individual departments. The flexibility with which departments can seek funds for specific needs makes broad measures of success impractical; however, it appears that funds from this grant program have been reasonably effective in advancing the academic stature of departments of family medicine. It is concluded from the study that the program should be continued and that its inherent flexibility should be preserved.

Academic Medical Centers↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Influenza vaccination and warfarin anticoagulation: a comparison of subcutaneous and intramuscular routes of administration in elderly men.

STUDY OBJECTIVES: To determine if subcutaneous administration of influenza vaccine is as immunogenic as the intramuscular route, and to evaluate the frequency of local adverse events associated with both routes in elderly anticoagulated men. DESIGN: Single-blind, prospective study of consecutively enrolled subjects. SETTING: Ambulatory clinic at a university-affiliated Veterans Affairs medical center. PATIENTS: Twenty-six men age 60 years or older, receiving therapeutic dosages of warfarin. INTERVENTIONS: Subjects were randomized to receive either intramuscular or subcutaneous injection of a standard trivalent influenza vaccine. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Serum antibody titers to the vaccine's components were measured at baseline, and 6 weeks and 4 months after vaccination. Both routes of administration induced comparable serum antibody titers. There were no differences in adverse events at administration sites between routes of administration. CONCLUSIONS: Elderly individuals are able to mount an immune response to influenza vaccine and produce antibody concentrations deemed protective. The routes of administration are similarly effective at inducing an immune response. The intramuscular route in anticoagulated elderly men does not commonly result in local bleeding complications.

Administration, Cutaneous↗